Shanghai Daoqin Plastics Co., Ltd.

in PVC processing field/area, lubricant and stabilizer is formulation design “ di core ”. stability demand basic meet/satisfy rear, lubricated system optimization formed is formed key/critical —— it effect/influence product property can, appearance, can consumption, efficiency and cost. statistics, ultra- 60% PVC products quality issues lubricant use 不当. lubricated system design, and other 于握住 PVC formulation core technology 钥匙.

一, lubricant concept:

1, outer slip agent: surface lubricated “守护者”

-  function : outer slip agent in processing process in hot melt rear, 会主动 toward PVC melt and 螺筒, screw, mold and other metal parts 接触面迁移, most in between formed 一层连续且 stability lubricated film. this film 就像一道“隔离屏障”, can has decrease/reduce PVC melt and metal surface 直接摩 scratch, reduce processing process in retardant force, let material material more through equipment and mold.

- 特征:

- due to can decrease/reduce melt and mold surface scratch , material material in mold inner to degree pressure or scratch, outer slip agent can significantly improves products surface gloss degree and light slip degree, let formed product more 精致.

- it in 一定程 degree upper 延迟PVC time （即塑化点）. this is is outer slip agent in metal surface formed film reduce hot amount toward material material efficiency, meanwhile decrease/reduce material material 间 摩 scratch hot, make PVC达 to full melt time rear.

- 但 outer slip agent non add more good. if add amount, ultra- its in PVC melt in solvent understanding degree, more outer slip agent from melt in 析出, products surface 出现喷霜, and other defect; meanwhile, amount outer slip agent in material material formed “隔离层”, reduce PVC separation 子间 结 combined force, from make products welding strong/high degree decline, transparent property 变差, mechanical properties （如 tensile strength, impact strong/high degree ）也会受 to effect/influence.

- value attention/notes is, outer slip agent main/primary as used for material material and metal interface, for PVC材 material resistant thermal properties effect/influence relatively small, therefore 不会改变 products 维卡 soft 化点（衡 amount material heat resistant property indicators ）.

2, inner slip agent: melt internal “ lubricated 精灵”

-  function : inner slip agent and PVC melt versus property relatively good, in processing process in can uniform melt 入PVC melt internal. it separation can in PVC separation between, reduce PVC separation between versus function force and scratch force, in separation 子间添 add “ lubricant ”, let melt internal flow more add 顺畅.

- 特征:

-  can has reduce PVC melt viscosity, improvement melt flow property . this in high speed extrusion and other processing in is important, can decrease/reduce melt flow property 不足导致 离模膨胀（ material material mold rear internal force 发生 膨胀） and melt 破裂（ melt surface coarse 糙, and other defect ） phenomenon.

-  inner slip agent for products soft generate effect/influence . generally 说, add 1份（ weight 份） solid type inner slip agent, soft 化点会 reduce 1-2 degree; liquid type inner slip agent due to more easy to PVC separation 子链间, for soft reduce effect/influence more large.

- 适当添 add inner slip agent can improve/increase PVC products impact strong/high degree . this is is it improvement melt flow property, make material material in molding process in can more uniform distribution, decrease/reduce internal force in; meanwhile, in chlorine 甲烷浸泡实验 in （ testing products resistant solvent agent property 实验）, inner slip agent can 帮助缓 understanding solvent agent for products bad, force 实验顺利 through.

3, inner / outer slip agent: tool di heavy features “ more 面手”

- 定义: this category of lubricant meanwhile tool inner slip agent and outer slip agent di heavy features, in ester type lubricant in relatively is Common. it separation structure usually has can and PVC separation versus function property separation （赋予 inner slip property can ）, also has can toward interface non property separation （赋予 outer slip property can ）.

-  features :

- different inner / outer slip agent, its inner outer slip property can 均衡程 degree in 差异. has product inner slip and outer slip performance relatively is 均衡, can meanwhile meet/satisfy melt internal flow and interface lubricated demand, suitable for for lubricated property can requirements relatively is comprehensive processing 场景.

- 而 has product 则呈现出 outer slip function strong/high, inner slip function low features, 例如 oxidized polyethylene wax . it separation in although has a small amount of property 基团（ make its can in 一定程 degree upper melt melt ）, non property separation comparison large, more toward in interface formed lubricated film, outer slip 效果突出, inner slip versus for relatively low, in use need according to specific processing demand 进行搭配 adjustment.

二, lubricant basic 理论:

1, versus versus solvent principle: material solvent “黄金 method 则”

chemical in “ versus versus solvent ” principle, is understanding material solvent core : types material separation structure （如 separation long degree, can type type ） or property 特征越接近时, it 们就越容 easy versus solvent understanding formed uniform system. specific to PVC processing in, can 处于熔 melt PVC看 as “ solvent agent ”, 而同样处于熔 melt lubricant as “ solvent 质”——两者 solvent understanding 关系完 full this 一规律.

this day active in, 蔗糖（极 property separation 子） can light solvent understanding in property water in, 而油脂（ non property separation 子）却会 and water delamination: types “ solvent 质” in 特定“ solvent agent ” in solvent understanding amount has upper 限, this upper is “ solvent understanding degree ”. lubricant add amount ultra- it in PVC melt in solvent understanding degree 时, more lubricant 就会无 method solvent understanding, most solid pellets or film from melt in 析出, not only effect/influence lubricated 效果, also 会导致 products surface 出现喷霜, and other defect.

therefore, in production in, formulation design key/critical 原则之一 is: in meet/satisfy processing property and products property can （如 surface light degree, force strong/high degree ） front lower, can can control has lubricant add amount （包括同一 type lubricant use amount ）. through this type of methods, can from upper decrease/reduce 因“ saturated and ”导致 析出 phenomenon, ensure production stability property and product quality.

2, interface chemical 理论: understanding lubricant performance “ micro 视角”

from interface chemical degree 看, PVC melt can is 一 连续 “ versus system ”, lubricant （ especially is outer slip agent or tool inner, outer lubricated function product types ） function mechanism, essence upper is through versus interface property achieve, this and surface active property agent function high degree versus 似.  

specific 说, different lubricant separation structure it in interface is :

- 像 PE wax , wax this category of pure outer slip agent, separation 子两端都 is non property 基团（如 carbon hydrogen 链）, 几乎不 and property PVC separation generate versus function. therefore, it more toward 于迁移 to PVC melt and equipment metal surface interface 处, through formed low friction coefficient film, decrease/reduce melt and metal 直接接触, from reduce processing retardant force.

- 而 ester type outer lubricant, oxidized polyethylene wax and other product types, separation structure 呈现“两 property 特征”: is belt/tape has property can 团（如 ester 基, 羟基）, can and PVC separation in property 基团（如 chlorine 原子） generate 一定吸引 force; 另一端则 is non property carbon hydrogen 链, can toward outer 延伸至 melt surface or interface. this type of structure let it can in PVC melt in maintain versus property （避免 degree 析出）, also can in interface lubricated function, its is full combined surface active property agent “定 toward 吸附于 interface, reduce interface force ” 特征.

positive is this type of interface and separation toward features, lubricant is heavy decrease/reduce melt internal scratch （ inner slip ） also is melt and equipment external scratch （ outer slip ）, this is 我们理 understanding different lubricant performance provide micro understanding 释.

3, slip type: use “ increase tips ”

in PVC processing high temperature high pressure ring in, outer lubricant 会 in PVC melt surface and equipment metal surface between formed 一层连续 lubricated film. slip type false 设: this lubricated film 运动行 is 遵循流体 force in “层流”规律——即 film inner different separation 子以平行于 surface direction delamination flow, between scratch force small; meanwhile, lubricated film and metal surface interface 会发生“ slip 移”, 进一步 reduce overall scratch retardant force.

基于 this type, in 发现: 当 different type type outer lubricant use 时, it formed lubricated film can achieve “ advantages 互补”, 效果远 excellent mono lubricant . 例如, ester type lubricant property in, and PVC melt versus property relatively good, can in melt surface formed stability lubricated 层; wax type lubricant （如 PE wax ） non property strong/high, can in lubricated outer formed low viscosity “ slip 移层”. 两者结 combined rear, lubricated film delamination structure more stability, slip retardant force more small, can ensure melt internal flow property, also can significantly reduce and metal surface scratch.

this type of 协同效应 典 type is: ester, wax composite/compounding lubricated system versus ratio mono use wax type （ easy 析出, lubricated property 差） or mono use ester type （ and metal surface slip property 不足）, can more comprehensive cover/cap processing full process lubricated demand, not only can decrease/reduce processing can consumption, also can improves products surface light degree and uniform property.

三, lubricant types type large inventory/review  

1, acid type lubricant: Common outer slip “代 table/sheet ”

以 hard acid is table/sheet 一元羧 acid, is currently application most outer lubricant. from chemical property 质 看, acid （ ratio hard acid ）因 separation internal di separation 子共轭效应, large separation property by 抵消, overall non property, this is it can outer slip function key/critical.

不, long 期以, less technology 人员受限于认知, hard acid as inner lubricant use, 结果导致PVC products in property can and appearance upper 先天不足—— ratio can can surface light slip, processing demolding difficult and other issues. more need attention/notes is, hard acid is acid and acid mixed combined material, heat resistant property and resistant property comparison has 限, high temperature processing easy or separation understanding, effect/influence lubricated stability property . therefore, in formulation design in, remove non cost factors 严格限 made, 否则应尽 amount decrease/reduce hard acid use amount.

2, alcohol type lubricant: excellent inner slip “遗珠”

脂肪 alcohol （以 hard alcohol is type ） its is property can color inner lubricant, can has improvement PVC melt flow property, decrease/reduce internal scratch. it has obvious short sheet/plate: is property relatively strong/high , in high temperature processing process in easy loss consumption, effect/influence lubricated 效果; 二 is cost versus for relatively high . this causes it currently in PVC processing in already very less by use, formed by “遗忘” excellent 质选项.  

3, ester type lubricant: types type more “ lubricated 宝库”

ester type lubricant is alcohol and acid reaction formed acid ester type material 质, lubricant 里 “ large 家族”. due to combined formed use acid and alcohol types type more （ ratio different carbon long degree acid, more alcohol and other ）, 两者 排列组 combined can 衍生出两三千 types different product, selection scope/range non 常广.

this category of lubricant in, has high outer slip agent, has excellent inner slip agent. its in, outer slip type ester type and PVC melt versus property relatively good, but also lubricated efficiency high, a small amount of add can to 理想效果. it melting point large more in 45-65℃ between, 虽不算 especially high, heat resistant property very can 靠, can 适应200-320℃ processing temperature degree, full meet/satisfy PVC various process （如 extrusion, injection molding and other ） temperature degree requirements. value is, currently PVC processing in commonly used inner lubricant, 几乎都 belongs to ester type.

4, metal type lubricant: stability and lubricated “ di heavy color ”

hard acid 钙, hard acid zinc, hard acid and other high grade acid salt, is PVC processing in 特殊 “ more 面手”—— it is important heat stabilized agent （ can anti 止PVC high temperature separation understanding ）, meanwhile tool lubricated function.

this has Common 认知误区: very more 人误以 is hard acid is inner lubricant, 实则不然, it is type outer lubricant. is what has this type of understanding 呢? is hard acid 钙自身 viscosity relatively high, in processing in easy scratch generate outer hot amount, let melt 看起 “ more easy 塑化”, similar processing additives 效果, 甚至会 make equipment processing electrical rise high . this type of phenomenon let less technology 人员误判 it function type type. similar also has Honeywell oxidized polyethylene wax AC316, is strong/high outer lubricant, melt viscosity high, by as inner lubricant use, 进而导致 formulation design 出现偏差.

5, type lubricant （ wax type lubricant ）: non property and property “ lubricated combined ”

烃 type lubricant 俗称“ wax type lubricant ”, main/primary 包括两 type: type is wax, polyethylene wax and other full non property type combined material; type is oxidized polyethylene wax and other belt/tape has property 基团 烃 type material .

its in, oxidation wax, polyethylene wax, separation structure in has property 基团, 几乎都 is outer slip agent, main/primary function is decrease/reduce melt and equipment metal surface scratch. oxidation rear polyethylene wax, is separation in 引入 羟基, and other property 基团, formed “略 belt/tape inner slip property outer slip agent ”, can reduce interface scratch, can a small amount of improvement melt internal flow property.

from heat stabilized property 看, melting point low 于100℃ wax type （如普通石 wax ） heat resistant property relatively 差, large in 180-200℃就会开始 separation understanding or 挥发, therefore factory usually it as “ front lubricant ” or “ in lubricant ”, used for processing or in lubricated. another, wax type heat stabilized property also and combined formed methods related: through polymerization reaction formed wax （如 polyethylene wax ）, ratio through hot understanding methods production wax structure more stability, heat resistant property more good.

6, 脂肪酰 amine lubricant: use less “ outer slip agent ”

hard acid 乙撑二酰 amine, acid amine, acid amine and other 脂肪酰 amine type material 质, in PVC in main/primary outer slip function, can products surface slip property. it application in obvious issues: is versus property relatively 差, easy from melt in 析出, products surface 出现喷霜, mold sticking and other phenomenon; is separation in 游离氨基容 easy and PVC separation understanding generate chlorine hydrogen reaction, products color （ ratio 如出现 yellowing ）.

this issues make amine type lubricant currently in PVC processing in use 越 越 less. 不, inner 一 厂商 through for separation structure 进行改良（如 decrease/reduce 游离氨基, adjustment carbon long degree ）, already development property can more stability product, in separation in 取 不错 application 效果.

7, other type type lubricant: application 受限 “ small selection ”

remove upper large type, also has 一 特殊 lubricant, ratio silicon 油, fluorine polymer, acrylic type lubricant and other, it application comparison 受限.

silicon and fluorine polymer although lubricated property 突出, in obvious disadvantages: is easy to products surface, effect/influence rear printing, bonding and other processing 工序; is processing process in difficult 以精准 control use amount, more or less effect/influence 效果; is cost relatively high. acrylic type lubricant cost 同样不 low, it lubricated mechanism and lubricant different （ more more through adjustment melt viscosity achieve ）, application versus for 特殊, therefore to use.

四, lubricant selection 秘籍: from separation structure to application

lubricant types type more 样, types specific product has its 独特之处. separation understanding type lubricant product property can excellent poor and use methods, for/regarding design excellent formulation important. below/following is in application in selection combined lubricant methods and based on:

1, separation structure: 初步判定 property can “线索”

lubricant separation structure 包含诸 more key/critical elements, can 团, long, mono di 键, separation 支链以 and 异构化 and other 情况, this factors is 我们初步判断 its property can important 线索. 举 例子, 脂肪链含12 and above carbon 原子时, usually tool has lubricated can force; lubricant separation in property increase, it and property high poly material versus property increase large. however, need attention/notes is, is types type material 质, separation structure upper its fine micro 差别, can can make property can significantly 差异. positive 构烷烃 and 异构烷烃, although belongs to 烷烃, due to separation structure different, it in film strong/high degree, and additives property and other performance obvious different. therefore, separation structure can as is 初步判断 property can 参考, can 仅凭此就仓促, for its property can.

2, property: inner slip and outer slip “ key/critical indicators ”

according to versus versus solvent principle, PVC belongs to property material, this make lubricant property formed is large 致界定 inner lubricated and outer lubricated key/critical indicators. generally 而言, property relatively strong/high lubricant and PVC versus property more good, more toward 于发挥 inner lubricated function, ratio hard acid alcohol, hard acid amine and other; non property or property relatively low lubricant, wax, PE wax and other, and PVC versus property relatively 差, more more to outer lubricated function. this need especially 留意, property 需“ versus 似” or “ versus 近”才行, if is property material, can and PVC极 property versus relatively large, 同样也 difficult very good versus solvent. but also, in lubricant property 时, can based on mono factors, is its chemical structure complex more 样, versus can between also versus effect/influence, therefore 仅靠极 property lubricated function, and 实际情况 can can in relatively large 偏差.

3, heat resistant property: easy by overlook “ important indicators ” 

lubricant heat resistant property, 指 is it resistant hot separation understanding or hot rear material property can can force , this is in selection easy by overlook also versus important indicators. in production in, lubricant in high temperature material material, machine screw, 螺筒以 and mold and other ring in use, if it heat resistant property 不佳, in use temperature degree lower separation understanding or material property can 改变, not only method lubricated 功效, separation understanding generate material also for PVC products property can and appearance formed defect effect/influence. ratio hard acid, wax and melting point low PE wax and other, it heat resistant property relatively 差, in processing rear 期常常会出现 lubricated 不足 状况, 进而导致 processing difficult, or make products surface gloss degree 变差. and formed comparison is ester type lubricant, tube/pipe its melting point relatively low, heat resistant property good, generally heat resistant temperature degree scope/range in 200 - 320℃, in PVC processing process in basic 不会失效 and separation understanding, can in processing front 期, in 期, rear 期都发挥 lubricated 效果, this is in PVC formulation in ester type lubricant 总体添 add amount relatively less causes. need testing lubricant heat resistant property, specification 且严格 methods is hot heavy testing （TGA testing ）, generally factory is 简便, can using/adopting hot testing simple assessment.

4, resistant property: effect/influence lubricated 效果 “潜 in factors ”

resistant property is in temperature degree lower, material resistant solid or liquid is gas can force, it is effect/influence lubricated 效果 潜 in important factors . 即便一 types lubricant tool good lubricated and heat resistant property, can need is in processing process in large separation gas 化挥发掉, that it can is excellent lubricant, 例如十六十八 alcohol, hard acid and other in this issues. in or testing lubricant degree 时, can flash point indicators, usually flash point high, resistant property good. ester type lubricant generally tool has relatively good resistant property, flash point large in 210 - 240 degree more high, in PVC processing temperature degree lower less 出现挥发情况. in production in, if true 空口析出严 heavy, very large can can is lubricant 挥发 导致.

5, melting point: 认识误区 “澄清点”

in selection lubricant 时, very more technology 人员存 in 一 认识误区, 即 melting point as lubricant standards . upper, melting point can as is lubricant 起效 一 indicators, can use 判定起 lubricated temperature degree scope/range. 起 lubricated processing temperature degree scope/range, more key/critical indicators is lubricant heat resistant property and resistant property . can simple is low melting point lubricant for 应“ front lubricated ”, high melting point lubricant for 应“ rear lubricated ”. 准确 讲, is low heat resistant property and low resistant property lubricant for 应“ front lubricated ”, high heat resistant resistant lubricant for 应“ rear lubricated ”. 例如, ester type lubricant melting point has 45 - 65℃, its tool has excellent heat resistant property and resistant property, therefore can in front 期, in and rear tool good lubricated property.

五, PVC formulation lubricated system design key points

1, 构建完 overall 系: outer slip agent + inner / outer slip agent + inner slip agent 协同搭配

一 high stability PVC lubricated system, need type lubricant combined combined:

-  outer slip agent negative in melt and equipment metal surface formed film, material material through 螺筒, mold;

-  inner / outer slip agent 凭借 di heavy features, can adjustment melt internal flow property, also can reinforcement surface lubricated, mono type type lubricant function 空白;

-  inner slip agent 则 in-depth melt internal, decrease/reduce PVC separation 子间摩 scratch, optimization melt viscosity and processing flow property.

三者 separation 工明确 also versus combined, can comprehensive cover/cap from material material to products molding full process/workflow lubricated demand, 避免因 certain step/link lubricated 不足导致 processing fault/failure （如塑化 defect, mold viscous material ） or products defect （如 surface coarse 糙, internal stress large ）.

2, formed separation: decrease/reduce function core 原则

formulation in lubricant types type more, formed separation simple, can reduce different lubricant between versus property 风险（如 versus 互排斥导致 析出）, 也便于精准 control lubricated 效果. multiple type lubricant mixed combined 时, can can separation structure 差异引发“拮 resistant 效应”——例如 certain property large lubricant versus dry 扰, 反而削 low overall lubricated property can, generate 异味, color and other function. therefore, design excellent selection function comprehensive composite/compounding type lubricant （如兼 tool inner / outer slip features ester type ）, use most less types type achieve function.

3, inner slip agent: amount add is key/critical, material property improves and resistant 析出

inner slip agent to 一定添 add amount can has function: use amount 不足, method separation to PVC separation between, difficult reduce separation 子间摩 scratch, 会导致 melt viscosity high, 离模膨胀 obvious, especially in high speed extrusion easy melt 破裂.

from property can degree 看, amount inner slip agent has large advantages :

-  improvement products physical properties : through optimization melt flow property, decrease/reduce material material in molding process in force in, has improve/increase products impact strong/high degree and tough property;

-  decrease/reduce 析出风险: inner slip agent and PVC melt versus property relatively good, amount add can and system more uniform combined, reduce local saturated and 导致 析出 phenomenon （ and outer slip agent amount easy features formed difference ）.

4, ester, wax 协同: decrease/reduce add amount, reduce 析出, improves lubricated 效果 “黄金组 combined ”

ester type lubricant （如脂肪 acid ester ） and wax type lubricant （如 PE wax, wax ） 协同 use, is industry inner 经 实践验证 high solution/scheme :

- ester type property in, and PVC versus property good, can stability melt melt 并辅助 inner slip; wax type non property strong/high, more easy 迁移至 surface strong/high outer slip, function 互补, can in add amount decrease/reduce lower, achieve ratio mono type type lubricant more comprehensive lubricated 效果;

- 协同 use 时, ester type good versus property can “锚定”部 separation wax type separation 子, decrease/reduce wax type mono use amount issues; meanwhile, wax type in surface formed lubricated film also can reinforcement ester type outer slip function, most reduce use amount and cost, also improves processing stability property and products surface quality.

避坑 guide

 - hard acid 钙≠ inner slip agent!

 - melting point ≠ use temperature degree scope/range!

 - 析出元凶= amount add + heat resistant 不足

六, tips/techniques: issues solutions

- 析出白霜 → reduce lubricated amount, use high heat resistant ester type

- 塑化延迟 → decrease/reduce outer slip agent, increase inner slip agent

- melt 破裂 → 补 add 0.1-0.3PHR inner slip agent

- true 空口冒烟 → testing lubricant flash point （＞210℃ is 佳）

PVC lubricant selection and formulation technology is need experience 积累 学问. technology need in production in summary, and 探索, through 反复实践 and 验证, 积累丰富 experience.