Shanghai Daoqin Plastics Co., Ltd.

         composite/compounding material molding process is composite/compounding material industrial development and conditions. composite/compounding material application areas wide, composite/compounding material industrial to speed development, molding process day 臻完善, new molding methods 不断涌现, currently polymer composite/compounding material molding methods already has 20 multiple, formed used for industrial production, 如:

        (1)手糊 molding process -- wet method molding method;

        (2)喷射 molding process;

        (3) resin 传递模塑 molding technology (RTM technology);

        (4) bag pressure method (pressure bag method) molding;

        (5) true bag pressure molding;

        (6) hot pressure molding technology;

        (7) liquid pressure method molding technology;

        (8) hot 膨胀模塑 method molding technology;

        (9)夹层 structure molding technology;

        (10)模 pressure material production process;

        (11)ZMC模 pressure material injection technology;

        (12)模 pressure molding process;

        (13)层 combined sheet/plate production technology;

        (14)卷 made tube/pipe molding technology;

        (15) fiber products molding technology;

        (16)连续 made sheet/plate production process;

        (17)浇铸 molding technology;

        (18)拉挤 molding process;

        (19)连续缠绕 made tube/pipe process;

        (20) weaving composite/compounding material manufacturing technology;

        (21) thermoplastic property sheet/slice plastics manufacturing technology and cold pressure molding process;

        (22) injection molding process;

        (23) extrusion molding process;

        (24)离心浇铸 made tube/pipe molding process;

        (25) its it molding technology.

 

 

        视 selection resin 基体材 material different, upper methods separation suitable for hot solid property and thermoplastic property composite/compounding material production, has process 两者都 suitable.

         composite/compounding material products molding process features: and its it material processing process versus ratio, composite/compounding material molding process tool has lower features:

        (1)材 material manufacturing and products molding meanwhile formed generally lower, composite/compounding material production process, is products molding process. material property can must according to products use requirements design, therefore in selection material, design ratio, fiber and molding methods 时, must meet/satisfy products material property can, structure and appearance quality requirements and other.

        (2) products molding comparison generally hot solid property composite/compounding material resin 基体, molding front is flow liquid 体, reinforcement material is soft/flexible fiber or material, therefore, use this material production composite/compounding material products, 需工序 and equipment need ratio its it material simple more, for/regarding certain products 仅需一 sleeve/set mold can production.

        一, low pressure molding process

        接触 low pressure molding process features is 以手工铺放 reinforcement material, resin, or use simple tool 辅助铺放 reinforcement material and resin. low pressure molding process features, is molding process in need add molding pressure (接触 molding), or 者 施 add relatively low molding pressure (接触 molding rear add 0.01～0.7MPa pressure, most large pressure ultra- 2.0MPa).

        接触 low pressure molding process process, is will material in anionic 模, cationic or for upper made formed design 形状, again through add hot or normal temperature solid 化, demolding rear again 经 辅助 processing obtain products. belongs to this category of molding process has molding, molding, bag pressure molding, resin 传递模塑 molding, hot pressure molding and hot 膨胀模塑 molding (low pressure molding) and other. its in front types is molding.

        接触 low pressure molding process in, molding process is polymer composite/compounding material production in most 先发明, suitable scope/range most 广, its it methods is molding process development and 改进. molding process most large advantages is equipment simple, property 广, investment less, fast. according to in recent years statistics, low pressure molding process in world composite/compounding material industrial production in, still has very large ratio/proportion, USA 占35%, 西欧占25%, Japan 占42%, China 占75%. this 说明 接触 low pressure molding process in composite/compounding material industrial production in important property and can substitute/replace property, it is types 永不衰落 process methods. its most large disadvantages is production efficiency low, strong/high degree large, product heavy property and other.

        1, Raw Materials

        接触 low pressure molding Raw Materials has reinforcement material, resin and 辅助材 material and other.

        (1) reinforcement material

        接触 molding for reinforcement material requirements: ① reinforcement material easy by resin 浸透;② has 足够 形变 property, can meet/satisfy products complex molding requirements;③ bubbles easy remove;④ can meet/satisfy products use conditions material and chemical property can requirements;⑤ price combined 理(尽 can can 便宜), 源丰富.

         used for molding reinforcement material has glass fiber and its material, carbon fiber and its material, fiber and its material and other.

        (2)基体材 material

        接触 low pressure molding process for 基体材 material requirements: ① in conditions lower easy fiber reinforcement material, easy troubleshooting bubbles, and fiber bonding force strong/high;② in room temperature conditions lower can 凝胶, solid 化, but also requirements shrinkage small, material less;③ viscosity 适宜: generally is 0.2～0.5Pa·s, can generate phenomenon;④无毒 or low 毒;⑤ price combined 理, has ensure.

         production in commonly used resin has: saturated and polyester resin, ring oxygen resin, has use aldehyde resin, di 马 酰亚 amine resin, polyimide (PI) resin and other.

        几 types molding process for resin property can requirements:

         molding methods

         for resin property can requirements

        胶衣 made as

        1, molding 时不流淌, easy 消泡

        2, color uniform, color

        3, solid fast, generate 皱纹, and resin bonding property good

        手糊 molding

        1, property good, easy fiber, easy troubleshooting bubbles

        2, rear solid fast, hot less, shrinkage small

        3, easy material less, products surface viscous

        4, bonding property good

        喷射 molding

        1, ensure molding requirements

        2, property more 早

        3, temperature degree for resin viscosity effect/influence small

        4, resin suitable need long, add promote agent rear, viscosity increase large

         bag pressure molding

        1, lubricating property good, easy fiber, easy bubbles

        2, solid fast, solid hot amount need small

        3, easy 流胶, bonding force strong/high

        (3)辅助材 material

        接触 molding process in 辅助材 material, main/primary is filler and color material type, solid agent, dilute agent, toughening agent and other, belongs to resin system.

        2, mold and demolding agent

        (1) mold

         mold is various molding process in main/primary equipment. mold good bad, effect/influence product quality and cost, must design manufacturing.

         design mold 时, must comprehensive below/following requirements: ① meet/satisfy product design degree requirements, mold dimensions 精确, surface light slip;② need has strong/high degree and rigid degree;③ demolding 方便;④ has heat stabilized property;⑤ weight light, material separation and low.

         mold 构造 接触 molding mold separation is: anionic 模, cationic and for types, is types mold, can according to dimensions large small, molding requirements, design formed overall or 拼装模.

         mold material mold material 时, meet/satisfy below/following requirements:

        ① can meet/satisfy products dimensions degree, appearance quality and use lifespan requirements;

        ② mold material need has strong/high degree and rigid degree, ensure mold in use process in easy deformation and loss bad;

        ③不受 resin 侵蚀, effect/influence resin solid 化;

        ④ heat resistant property good, products solid and add hot solid 化时, mold deformation;

        ⑤容 easy manufacturing, easy demolding;

        ⑥昼 decrease light mold weight, production;

        ⑦ price 便宜, material easy obtain. can used as molding mold material has: 木材, metal, 石膏, water 泥, low melting point metal, hard foam plastics and 玻璃钢 and other.

         demolding agent basic requirements:

        1.不腐蚀 mold, effect/influence resin solid 化, for resin bonding force small 于0.01MPa;

        ② formed film time short, thick degree uniform, surface light slip;

        ③ use safety, 无毒害 function;

        ④ heat resistant, can add hot solid temperature degree function;

        ⑤操 as 方便, price 便宜.

        接触 molding process demolding agent main/primary has film type demolding agent, liquid demolding agent and 油膏, wax type demolding agent.

        手糊 molding process

        手糊 molding process process/workflow lower:

        (1) production 准备

        场 手糊 molding as large small, need according to product large small and day output/production volume 决定, requirements 清洁, drying, 通风良 good, gas temperature degree maintain in 15～35℃ between, rear processing 整修段, need has remove and water plant/unit.

         mold 准备 准备工 as 包括清理, and coating demolding agent and other.

         resin liquid made made 时, need attention/notes issues: ① anti liquid in mixed bubbles;②配胶 amount can more, 每次配 amount need ensure in resin front use 完.

         reinforcement material reinforcement material types type and specifications design requirements selection.

        (2)糊 made and solid 化

        铺层糊 made 手工铺层糊 made separation wet method and dry method types: ① dry method use 预浸布 is raw materials, will good material (布)按样 sheet/plate formed bad material, 铺层时 add hot soft 化, rear again 一层一层 紧贴 in mold upper, attention/notes troubleshooting bubbles, make 密实. method more used for hot pressure and bag pressure molding. ② wet method 铺层 直接 in mold upper will reinforcement material 浸胶, 一层一层 紧贴 in mold upper, remove bubbles, make 之密实. generally process more use method 铺层. wet method also separation is 胶衣层糊 made and structure made.

        手糊工 tool 手糊工 tool for ensure product quality effect/influence very large. has 羊毛辊, 猪鬃辊, 螺旋辊 and electrical 锯, electrical 钻, abrasion light machine and other.

         solid products solid separation hard and 熟化两 stage/phase: from to 三角化 generally need 24h, solid degree 达50%～70%(巴柯尔 hard property degree is 15), can demolding, rear in ring conditions lower solid 化1～2周才 can make products tool has force strong/high degree, 称熟化, its solid degree 达85% above. add hot can promote process, for polyester 玻璃钢, 80℃ add hot 3h, for ring oxygen 玻璃钢, rear solid temperature degree can control in 150℃以 inner. add hot solid methods very more, in small type products can in solid inner add hot solid 化, large type products can using/adopting inner add hot or outer add hot.

        (3) demolding and 修整

         demolding demolding need ensure products loss 伤. demolding methods has lower types: ① ejection demolding in mold upper ejection plant/unit, demolding 时转动 screw, will products ejection. ② pressure demolding mold upper has pressure shrink gas or water 入口, demolding will pressure shrink gas or water (0.2MPa) pressure mold and products between, meanwhile use and 橡胶锤敲打, make products and mold separation 离. ③ large type products (如船) demolding can 借助千斤顶, and hard and other tool. ④ complex products can using/adopting demolding methods in mold upper made 二三层玻璃钢, its solid rear from mold upper 剥离, rear again in mold upper 继续糊 made to design thick degree, solid rear very easy from mold upper lower.

        修整 修整 separation types: types is dimensions 修整, types defect 修补. ① dimensions molding rear products, design dimensions ultra- 出 more separation;② defect 修补 包括穿孔修补, bubbles, 裂缝修补, 破孔补 strong/high and other.

        喷射 molding technology

 

        喷射 molding technology is molding 改进, semi machine 械化程 degree. molding technology in composite/compounding material molding process in ratio/proportion relatively large, USA 占9.1%, 西欧占11.3%, Japan 占21%. currently inner use molding machine main/primary is from USA Imported.

        (1)喷射 molding process principle and excellent disadvantages

        喷射 molding process is will mixed has agent and promote agent types polyester separation from 喷枪两侧喷出, meanwhile will glass fiber (GF) coarse 纱, 由喷枪 in 心喷出, make its and resin uniform mixed combined, to mold upper, 当沉积 to thick degree 时, use pressure 实, make fiber resin, troubleshooting bubbles, solid rear formed products.

        喷射 molding advantages: ① use glass fiber (GF) coarse 纱代替织 material, can reduce material cost;② production efficiency ratio high 2～4倍;③ product overall property good, 无接缝, 层间剪切 strong/high degree high, resin content high, resistant 腐蚀, resistant property good;④ can decrease/reduce flash, 裁布屑 and 剩余胶 liquid consumption;⑤ product dimensions, 形状不受限 made. its disadvantages is: ① resin content high, products strong/high degree low;② product can to mono light slip;③污染 ring 境, has 害工人健康.

        喷射 molding efficiency 达15kg/min, combined large type manufacturing. already used for processing 浴盆, machine outer 罩, overall 卫生间, automotive 车身构 parts and large type products and other.

        (2) production 准备

        场 喷射 molding remove meet/satisfy process requirements outer, need especially attention/notes ring 境排风. according to product dimensions large small, as can formed 密闭式, 以节省 can 源.

        材 material Raw Materials main/primary is resin (main/primary use saturated and polyester resin) and glass fiber (GF) coarse 纱.

         mold 准备 准备工 as 包括清理, and coating demolding agent and other.

        喷射 molding equipment molding machine separation pressure and 泵供式两 types: ①泵式供胶喷射 molding machine, is will resin agent and promote agent separation 别由泵输送 to mixed combined device in, separation mixed combined rear again 由喷枪喷出, is inner mixed combined type. its formed separation is gas control system, resin 泵, additives 泵, mixed combined device, 喷枪, fiber 切割喷射 device and other. resin and additives 泵由摇臂 rigid property 连接, adjustment additives in upper 位置, can ensure material ratio/proportion. in pressure machine function lower, resin and additives in mixed combined device inner uniform mixed combined, 经喷枪形 formed 雾滴, and fiber 连续 喷射 to mold surface. this type of machine has 一 胶 liquid 喷枪, structure simple, weight light, agent less, 但因系 inner mixed combined, make rear need 立即清洗, anti 止喷射堵塞. ② pressure 罐式供胶喷射 machine is will resin liquid separation in pressure in, 靠进入罐 in gas pressure, make liquid 进入喷枪连续喷出. is resin 罐, pipeline, 阀门, 喷枪, fiber 切割喷射 device, small and 支架组 formed. as 时, pressure shrink gas gas 源, make pressure shrink gas gas water separation device resin 罐, glass fiber (GF) device and 喷枪, make resin and glass fiber 连续不断 由喷枪喷出, resin 雾化, glass fiber (GF) dispersion, mixed combined uniform rear to mold upper. this type of machine is resin in outer mixed combined, easy 堵塞喷枪嘴.

        (3)喷射 molding process control

        喷射 process parameters selection: ① resin content molding products in, resin content control in 60% left right. ②喷雾 pressure resin viscosity is 0.2Pa·s, resin pressure is 0.05～0.15MPa时, pressure is 0.3～0.55MPa, can ensure separation mixed combined uniform. ③喷枪夹角 different 夹角喷出 resin mixed combined different, generally selection 20°夹角, and mold is 350～400mm. 改变距离, need high speed 喷枪夹角, ensure separation in mold surface 处交集 mixed combined, anti liquid 飞失.

        喷射 molding precautions: ① ring temperature degree control in (25±5)℃, high, easy 引起喷枪堵塞; low, mixed combined non-uniform, solid slow;②喷射 machine system inner 不允许 has water separation in, 否则会 effect/influence product quality;③ molding front, mold upper 先喷一层 resin, rear again resin fiber mixed combined 层;④喷射 molding front, adjustment gas pressure, control resin and glass fiber (GF) content;⑤喷枪 need uniform 移动, anti 止漏喷, can 走弧线, between heavy 叠富庶 small 于1/3, need ensure cover/cap uniform and thick degree uniform;⑥喷完一层 rear, use pressure 实, need attention/notes and surface, ensure lamination 平, bubbles, anti belt/tape fiber formed 毛刺;⑦每层喷完 rear, need 进行检查, combined rear again lower 一层;⑧ most rear need thin, make surface light slip;⑨喷射 machine use rear need 立即清洗, anti resin solid 化, loss bad equipment.

         resin 传递模塑 molding

 

         resin 传递模塑 molding 简称RTM(Resin Transfer Molding). RTM起始于50 year 代, is molding process 改进 一 types molding technology, can production 出两面 light products. in outer belongs to this process also has resin injection process (Resin Injection) and pressure injection process (Pressure Infection).

        RTM basic principle is will glass fiber reinforcement material to mold cavity inner, use pressure will resin liquid mold cavity, glass fiber reinforced material, rear solid 化, demolding molding products.

         from upper front research water 平 看, RTM technology research development direction will micro machine control injection machine 组, reinforcement material molding technology, low cost mold, fast speed resin solid system, process stability property and property and other.

        RTM molding technology features: ① can manufacturing light products;② molding efficiency high, combined in and other 规模 玻璃钢 product production (20000 parts / year inner);③RTM is 闭模操 as, 不污染 ring 境, loss 害工人健康;④ reinforcement material can direction 铺放, easy achieve products force 状况例题铺放 reinforcement material;⑤ Raw Materials and can consumption less;⑥建厂 investment less, upper fast.

        RTM technology suitable scope/range very 广, currently already used for construction, 交通, electrical 讯, 卫生, aviation aerospace and other industrial field/area. already development product has: automotive housing/shell and parts, 娱乐车构 parts, 螺旋浆, 8.5m long force electrical machine sheet/slice, 天线罩, machine 罩, 浴盆, 沐浴间, 游泳池 sheet/plate, base/seat 椅, water tank, electrical 话亭, electrical 线杆, small type and other.

        (1)RTM process and equipment

         molding process RTM full production process separation 11道工序(如图), 各工序 操 as and tool, equipment solid 定, mold small 车运送, 依次经 每一道工序, achieve water as 业. mold in water upper ring time, basic upper products production cycle, small type products generally 需十几 separation 钟, large type products production cycle can control in 1h以 inner formed.

         molding equipment RTM molding equipment main/primary is resin pressure machine and mold.

        ① resin machine resin pressure machine resin 泵, injection formed. resin is active 塞式往复泵, most upper is 一 空 gas force 泵. pressure shrink gas 驱动空 gas active upper lower 运动时, resin will in resin 经 流 amount control device, device amount resin device, toward make catalytic agent 泵运动, will catalytic agent amount 抽至贮存 device. pressure shrink gas 充入两 贮存 device, generate and pressure versus 反 缓冲 force, ensure resin and catalytic agent can stability toward injection 枪头. injection rear has 一 静态紊流 mixed combined device, can make resin and catalytic agent in gas lower mixed combined uniform, rear 经枪口注入 mold, mixed combined device rear design has agent 入口, it and has 0.28MPa pressure solvent agent versus 联, machine use rear, 打开开关, solvent agent 自动喷出, will injection 枪清洗 dry 净.

        ② mold RTM mold separation 玻璃钢模, 玻璃钢 surface metal and metal 模3 types. 玻璃钢 mold easy manufacturing, price relatively low, polyester 玻璃钢 mold can use 2000次, ring oxygen 玻璃钢 mold can use 4000次. surface metal 玻璃钢 mold can use 10000次 above. metal mold in RTM process in very less use, generally 讲, RTM mold is SMC 2%～16%.

        (2)RTM Raw Materials

        RTM use Raw Materials has resin system, reinforcement material and filler.

         resin system RTM process use resin main/primary is saturated and polyester resin.

         reinforcement material generally RTM reinforcement material main/primary is glass fiber, its content is 25%～45%(weight ratio); commonly used reinforcement material has glass fiber 连续毡, composite/compounding and 方格布.

         filler filler for RTM process very important, it not only can reduce cost, improvement property can, but also can in resin solid hot stage/phase absorption hot amount. commonly used filler has hydrogen oxidation aluminum, glass beads, carbon acid 钙, and other. its use amount is 20%～40%.

         bag pressure method, hot pressure method, liquid pressure method and hot 膨胀模塑 method molding

         bag pressure method, hot pressure method, liquid pressure method and hot 膨胀模塑 method is low pressure molding process. its molding process is use 手工铺叠 methods, will reinforcement material and resin (含预浸材 material)按 design direction and 顺序逐层铺放 to mold upper, to thick degree rear, add pressure, add hot, solid 化, demolding, 修整而 obtain products. types methods and molding process difference in add pressure solid this 道工序. therefore, it is molding process 改进, is is improve/increase products degree and bonding strong/high degree.

        以 high strength glass fiber, carbon fiber, fiber, fiber and ring oxygen resin is Raw Materials, use low pressure molding methods manufacturing high property can composite/compounding material products, already used for machine, elastic, and aerospace machine. machine 舱门, 整流罩, machine 载雷达罩, 支架, machine 翼, 尾翼, sheet/plate, sheet/plate and 隐形飞 machine and other.

        (1) bag pressure method

         bag pressure molding is will molding solid products, through bag or its it elastic property material toward its add gas or liquid pressure, make products in pressure lower 密实, solid 化.

         bag pressure molding method advantages is: ① product light slip;② can polyester, ring oxygen and aldehyde resin;③ product weight ratio high.

         bag pressure molding separation pressure bag method and true bag method 2 types: ① pressure bag method pressure bag method is will molding solid products 放入一橡胶 bag, solid good cover/cap sheet/plate, rear pressure shrink gas or 蒸汽(0.25～0.5MPa), make products in hot pressure conditions lower solid 化. ② true bag method method is will molding solid products, add cover/cap 一层橡胶 film, products 处于橡胶 film and mold between, 密封周边, true 空(0.05～0.07MPa), make products in bubbles and material troubleshooting. true bag molding method due to true pressure relatively small, method used for polyester and ring oxygen composite/compounding material products wet method molding.

        (2) hot pressure and liquid pressure method

 

         hot pressure and liquid pressure method is in metal container inner, through pressure shrink gas or liquid for solid 化 手糊 products add hot, add pressure, make its solid molding types process.

         hot pressure method hot pressure is 一 卧式 metal pressure container, solid 化 手糊 products, add upper sealant bag, true 空, rear mold use small 车推进 hot pressure inner, 通入蒸汽(pressure is 1.5～2.5MPa), true 空, for products add pressure, add hot, bubbles, make its in hot pressure conditions lower solid 化. it comprehensive pressure bag method and true bag method advantages, production cycle short, product quality high. hot pressure method can production dimensions relatively large, complex high quality, high property can composite/compounding material products. product dimensions hot pressure made, currently inner most large hot pressure 釜直径 is 2.5m, long 18m, already development application product has machine 翼, 尾翼, 卫星天线反射 device, elastic again 入体, machine 载夹层 structure 雷达罩 and other. method most large disadvantages is equipment investment large, weight large, structure complex, use high and other.

         liquid pressure method liquid pressure is 一 密闭 pressure container, ratio hot pressure small, 直立放置, production 时通入 pressure hot water, for solid 化 手糊 products add hot, add pressure, make its solid 化. liquid pressure pressure can to 2MPa or more high, temperature degree is 80～100℃. use 油载体, hot degree can 达200℃. method production product 密实, cycle short, liquid pressure method disadvantages is equipment investment relatively large.

        (3) hot 膨胀模塑 method

         hot 膨胀模塑 method is used for production 空腹, thin high property can composite/compounding material products types process. its as principle is using/adopting different 膨胀系数 mold material, utilizing its hot 体积膨胀 different generate pressure, for products pressure. hot 膨胀模塑 method cationic is 膨胀系数 large silicon 橡胶, anionic is 膨胀系数 small metal material, 手糊未 solid products in cationic and anionic between. add hot due to cationic, anionic 模 膨胀系数 different, generate large deformation 差异, make products in hot pressure lower solid 化.

        二, structure manufacturing technology

        夹层 structure generally is 由三层材 material made formed composite/compounding material. composite/compounding material upper lower is high strength, high modulus material, in is relatively thick light material, 玻璃钢夹层 structure upper is composite/compounding material and its it light material again composite/compounding. using/adopting structure methods is is improve/increase material has utilizing rate and decrease light structure weight, sheet/plate parts is 例, in use process in, need meet/satisfy strong/high degree requirements, need meet/satisfy rigid degree need, 玻璃钢材 material features is strong/high degree high, modulus low. therefore, use mono 一 玻璃钢材 material manufacturing sheet/plate, meet/satisfy strong/high degree requirements 时, degree very large, if 按允许挠 degree design, strong/high degree large large ultra-, formed 浪费. has using/adopting structure 形式进行 design, can combined solution this 一矛盾. this is structure development main/primary causes.

         due to 玻璃钢夹层 structure strong/high degree high, weight light, rigid degree large, corrosion resistant, electrical insulation and micro and other, currently already used for aviation industrial and industrial machine, elastic, and sheet/plate, sheet/plate, can large degree decrease light construction material weight and improvement use function. transparent 玻璃钢夹层 structure sheet/plate, already used for cold industrial 厂房, large type use construction and temperature 室 采 light 屋顶. in and field/area, 玻璃钢夹层 structure used for 玻璃钢潜艇, 扫雷艇, in many parts. design manufacturing 玻璃钢 街人行桥, 公路桥, automotive and 火车保 temperature 泠藏车 and other, using/adopting 玻璃钢夹层 structure, meet/satisfy weight light, strong/high degree high, rigid degree large, thermal insulation, temperature and other more property can requirements. in requirements micro 波 雷 罩 in, 玻璃钢夹层 structure already formed is its it material can and versus ratio specialized material.

        1, 玻璃钢夹层 structure types type and features

         according to structure use types type and different, 玻璃钢夹层 structure separation is: foam structure, 蜂窝夹层 structure, sheet/plate structure, 矩形夹层 structure and 圆形夹层 structure.

        (1) foam plastics structure foam plastics structure is using/adopting 玻璃钢 thin sheet/plate as 蒙皮(面 sheet/plate), foam plastics 做夹芯层, foam plastics structure most large features is and foam plastics 夹芯层 bonding solid, force large and temperature thermal properties requirements high parts, machine 尾翼, temperature pipeline and sheet/plate and other.

        (2)蜂窝夹层 structure 蜂窝夹层 structure is using/adopting 玻璃钢 thin sheet/plate as 蒙皮, 蜂窝材 material (玻璃布蜂窝, 纸蜂窝 or its it and aluminum and other)做夹芯层. 蜂窝夹层 structure weight light, strong/high degree high, rigid degree large, more used as structure dimensions large, strong/high degree requirements high structural parts, 如玻璃钢桥 承 heavy sheet/plate, 球形屋顶 structure, 雷达罩, 反射面, cold sheet/plate and structure and other.

        (3)梯形 and belt/tape function structure this type of belt/tape function structure sheet/plate (蒙皮) is 玻璃钢 thin sheet/plate, 夹芯层 is 玻璃钢梯形 sheet/plate or sheet/plate. this type of structure direction property strong/high, suitable for high strong/high sheet/plate, used for bending products.

        (4)圆 ring 形夹层 structure it is use 玻璃钢 thin sheet/plate as 蒙皮, use 玻璃钢圆 ring 做夹芯层. this type of structure features is consumption amount less, strong/high degree comparison high, sheet/plate force direction property, most 适宜做采 light use transparent 玻璃钢夹层 structure sheet/plate 材, tool has less, light transmittance high features.

        蜂窝夹层 structure manufacturing technology

        (1)蜂窝 types type strong/high degree and selection Raw Materials and 蜂窝几何形状 has 关, according to 平面投影几何形状, 蜂窝夹芯材 material can separation is 六边形, 菱形, 矩形, positive 弦曲线形 and has add strong/high belt/tape 六边形 and other. in this 蜂窝夹芯材 material in, add strong/high belt/tape 六边形 strong/high degree most high, positive 方形蜂窝次之. due to positive 六边形蜂窝 manufacturing simple, use material 省, strong/high degree relatively high, application most 广.

        (2) Raw Materials structure and 夹芯材 material types type very more, if use aluminum, titanium alloy 做蒙皮 and 芯材, is metal structure; use 玻璃钢 thin sheet/plate, 木质胶 combined sheet/plate and machine composite/compounding material sheet/plate 做蒙皮, use 玻璃钢蜂窝, 纸蜂窝 and foam plastics 做夹芯材 material, is non metal material structure. currently, 以玻璃钢 thin sheet/plate 做蒙皮, 玻璃钢蜂窝 and foam plastics 做芯材 夹层 structure application most 广. ① glass fiber 布(reinforcement material) production 玻璃钢夹层 structure 玻璃布 separation is 面层布 and 蜂窝布两 types: 面层布 is reinforcement in alkali and alkali 平纹布, its thick degree generally is 0.1～0.2mm. is add strong/high and between viscosity strong/high degree, in between add short glass fiber 毡. selection wax 玻璃布做蜂窝材 material, can anti resin to 玻璃布背面, decrease/reduce block bonding, has 利于蜂窝 formed tensile. ②纸 production 蜂窝夹层 structure 纸, requirements has good resin lubricating property and tensile strength. ③ bonding agent (resin) manufacturing 蜂窝夹层 structure use resin separation use resin, use resin and and bonding use resin. according to structure use conditions, can separation selection ring oxygen resin, saturated and polyester resin, aldehyde resin, has machine silicon resin and 邻苯二甲 acid propylene ester and other. manufacturing 蜂窝胶 strip/profile 时, usually using/adopting ring oxygen resin, modified aldehyde resin, poly acid ethylene ester and polyethylene (PE) alcohol shrink aldehyde and other. in this viscous agent in, ring oxygen resin bonding strong/high degree high, modified aldehyde resin price low, application relatively more. poly acid ethylene ester 胶无毒, price 便宜, can room temperature solid 化, use manufacturing strip/profile, can polyester liquid, is polyester resin in styrene can solvent understanding poly aldehyde acid ethylene, make strip/profile 开胶, bad.

        (3)蜂窝夹芯 manufacturing production 玻璃布夹芯材 material 时, main/primary color tensile method. its process process is in manufacturing 蜂窝芯材 玻璃布 upper coating strip/profile, rear heavy bonding formed 蜂窝叠 block, solid rear need high degree formed strip/profile, tensile molding, most rear 浸胶, solid type formed 蜂窝芯材. manufacturing 蜂窝夹芯叠 block strip/profile upper method, can using/adopting coating 胶, can use machine coating 胶.

        (4)蜂窝夹层 structure manufacturing 玻璃布蜂窝夹层 structure manufacturing technology separation wet method and dry method types. ① dry method molding method is will 蜂窝夹芯 and sheet/plate as good, rear again will it bonding formed structure. is ensure and sheet/plate solid bonding, in sheet/plate upper 铺一层 thin 毡(浸 胶), upper 蜂窝, add hot add pressure, make solid formed 一体. this type of methods manufacturing structure, and sheet/plate bonding strong/high degree can improve/increase to 3MPa above. dry method molding advantages main/primary is product surface light slip, 平整, production process in 每道工序都 can and 时检查, product quality easy ensure, disadvantages is production cycle long. ② wet method molding method is sheet/plate and 蜂窝夹芯均处于未 solid 化状态, in mold upper one-time molding. production 时, in mold upper made good upper, lower sheet/plate, rear will strip/profile 浸胶拉开, to upper, lower sheet/plate between, add pressure (0.01～0.08MPa), solid 化, demolding rear formed product. wet method molding advantages is and sheet/plate bonding strong/high degree high, production cycle short, most combined 于球面, housing/shell and other structure product production. its disadvantages is product surface quality 差, production process relatively difficult control.

         foam plastics structure manufacturing technology

 

        (1) Raw Materials foam plastics structure use Raw Materials separation is sheet/plate (蒙皮)材 material, 夹芯材 material and bonding agent.

        ①面 sheet/plate material main/primary is use 玻璃布 and resin made formed thin sheet/plate, and 蜂窝夹层 structure sheet/plate use material same.

        ② bonding agent sheet/plate and 夹芯材 material bonding agent, main/primary 取决于 foam plastics types type, polystyrene (PS) foam plastics, can use saturated and polyester resin bonding.

        ③ foam 夹芯材 material foam plastics types type very more, its classification methods has types: types is resin separation, can separation is: polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam plastics, polystyrene (PS) foam plastics, polyethylene (PE) foam plastics, polyurethane ester foam plastics, aldehyde, ring oxygen and saturated and polyester and other hot solid property foam plastics and other. types is hardness separation, can separation is hard 质, semi hard and soft types. use foam plastics production structure most large advantages is anti 寒, hot, property can good, quality light, and bonding large, can uniform 传递荷载, impact resistant property can good and other.

        (2) foam plastics manufacturing technology production foam plastics foaming methods relatively more, has machine foaming method, inert property gas mixed solvent decrease pressure foaming method, low liquid 体蒸发 foaming method, foaming agent separation understanding gas foaming method and raw materials separation versus reaction gas foaming method and other. ① machine foaming method utilizing strong/high machine 械搅拌, will gas mixed to polymer solvent liquid, emulsion or liquid in, formed foam 体, rear solid obtain foam plastics. ② inert property gas mixed solvent decrease pressure foaming method utilizing inert property gas 体(如 nitrogen gas, oxidation carbon and other)无 color, 无臭, difficult and its it chemical 元素化 combined principle, in high pressure lower pressure polymer in, rise temperature, decrease pressure, make gas 体膨胀 foaming. ]14; low liquid 体蒸发 foaming method will low liquid pressure polymer in, rear add hot polymer, polymer soft 化, liquid to 沸点时, liquid gas generate gas pressure, make polymer foaming formed foam 体. ④ chemical foaming agent foaming method foaming agent in hot function lower separation understanding generate gas 体, make polymer 体积膨胀, formed foam plastics. ⑤ raw materials chemical reaction foaming method method is utilizing can foaming raw materials separation, versus reaction 放出二 oxidation carbon or nitrogen gas and other make polymer foaming formed foam 体.

        (3) foam plastics structure manufacturing foam plastics structure manufacturing methods has: made bonding method, 现场浇注 molding method and machine molding method types. ①预 made bonding method will and foam plastics separation manufacturing, rear again will it bonding formed overall. made molding method advantages is can suitable various foam plastics, process simple, need complex machine equipment and other. its disadvantages is production efficiency low, quality easy ensure. ② overall molding method made good structure outer housing/shell, rear will mixed combined uniform foam material 浆浇入 housing/shell inner, foaming molding and solid 化处理, make foam 涨满腔体, and housing/shell bonding formed overall structure. ③连续 molding method suitable for production foam plastics structure sheet/plate 材.

        三, pressure molding process

        模 pressure molding process is composite/compounding material production in most 古老而 also has active force types molding methods. it is will amount mixed material or material add metal for inner, add hot, add pressure solid molding methods.

        模 pressure molding process main/primary advantages:

        ① production efficiency high, achieve 专业化 and 自动化 production;② product dimensions degree high, heavy property good;③ surface light 洁, 无需二次修饰;④ can one-time molding structure complex products;⑤因 is amount production, price versus for low 廉.

        模 pressure molding 不足之处 in mold manufacturing complex, investment relatively large, add upper pressure machine made, most combined amount production in small type composite/compounding material products. metal processing technology, pressure machine manufacturing water and combined formed resin process property can 不断改进 and development, pressure machine and dimensions increase large, pressure material molding temperature degree and pressure versus for reduce, make pressure molding products dimensions toward large type development, currently already can production large type automotive parts, 浴盆, overall 卫生间组 parts and other.

        模 pressure molding process reinforcement material material and pressure material product types can separation is lower types: ① fiber material pressure method is will mixed or fiber pressure material, to metal mold inner, in temperature degree and pressure lower molding composite/compounding material products methods. methods easy 行, applications 广泛. according to specific as upper different, has mixed material pressure and material pressure method. ②碎布 material pressure method will resin liquid glass fiber or its it material, 如麻布, has machine fiber 布, 石棉布 or and other material formed block, rear in metal mold in add temperature add pressure molding composite/compounding material products. ③织 material pressure method will 预先织 formed 需形状 两维 or 三维织 material resin liquid, rear metal mold in add hot add pressure molding is composite/compounding material products. ④ lamination pressure method will resin liquid glass fiber or its it material, formed 需 形状, rear in metal mold in add temperature or add pressure molding composite/compounding material products. ⑤缠绕模 pressure method will resin liquid fiber or 布(belt/tape), through specialized machine provide 一定 张 force and temperature degree, in upper, again mold in add temperature add pressure molding composite/compounding material products. ⑥ sheet/slice plastics (SMC)模 pressure method will SMC sheet/slice products dimensions, 形状, thick degree and other requirements lower material, rear will more sheet/slice combined rear metal mold in add hot add pressure molding products. ⑦预 molding material pressure method will short fiber made formed product and dimensions versus 似 预 molding material, will its metal mold in, rear toward mold in 注入配 made good adhesion agent (resin mixed combined material), in temperature degree and pressure lower molding.

        模 pressure material product types has very more, can is material material, mixed material material, can is material. currently use pressure material product types main/primary has: 预浸胶布, fiber mixed material, BMC, DMC, HMC, SMC, XMC, TMC and ZMC and other product types.

        1, Raw Materials

        (1) combined formed resin composite/compounding material pressure products use pressure material requirements combined formed resin tool has: ① for reinforcement material has good lubricating property can, in combined formed resin and reinforcement material interface upper formed good adhesion;② has viscosity and good flow property, in pressure made conditions lower can and reinforcement material uniform 充满整 mold cavity;③ in pressure made conditions lower tool has solid speed degree, and solid process in generate material or material less, shrinkage rate small;④ can meet/satisfy pressure products property can requirements. above material selection requirements, commonly used combined formed resin has: saturated and polyester resin, ring oxygen resin, aldehyde resin, ethylene resin, resin, has machine silicon resin, poly butadiene resin, 烯丙基 ester, poly amine resin, polyimide (PI) resin and other. is make pressure products to property can indicators, in resin product types and grade rear, also selection versus 应 辅助材 material, filler and material.

        (2) reinforcement material pressure material in commonly used reinforcement material main/primary has glass fiber filament, coarse 纱, has coarse 纱, glass fiber 束, glass fiber 布, glass fiber and other, has a small amount of specialty products selection 石棉毡, 石棉织 material (布) and 石棉纸以 and high silicon oxygen fiber, carbon fiber, has machine fiber (如芳纶 fiber, nylon fiber and other) and fiber (如亚麻布, 棉布, 煮炼布, 不煮炼布 and other) and other product types. has using/adopting types or types above fiber mixed material as reinforcement material.

        (3)辅助材 material generally solid agent (引发 agent), promote agent, dilute agent, surface treatment agent, low shrinkage additives, demolding agent, color agent (颜 material) and filler and other 辅助材 material.

        2, pressure material made 备

        以 glass fiber (or 玻璃布)浸渍 resin made formed pressure material is 例, its production process can separation is mixed method and method types.

        (1)预 mixed method will glass fiber formed 30～50mm short fiber, 经蓬松 rear in combined machine in and resin liquid separation combined resin full lubricating glass fiber, again dry (晾 dry)至适当 viscosity can. its features is fiber dispersion toward, production amount large, use method production pressure material ratio large, flow property good, in made process in fiber strong/high degree loss relatively large.

        (2)预浸 method fiber method is will 整束连续 glass fiber (or 布)经 浸胶, dry, short formed. its features is fiber formed 束状, comparison 紧密, made pressure material process in fiber strong/high degree loss relatively small, pressure material flow property and material between versus property 稍差.

        SMC, BMC, HMC, XMC, TMC and ZMC production technology

         sheet/slice pressure material (Sheet Molding Compound, SMC) is resin 糊浸渍 fiber or short fiber 毡, 两边覆 cover/cap polyethylene (PE) film made formed type sheet/slice pressure material, belongs to 预浸毡 material scope/range. is currently upper application most molding material 之一.

        SMC is use saturated and polyester resin, increase agent, agent, crosslinked agent, low shrinkage additives, filler, inner demolding agent and color agent and other mixed combined formed resin 糊浸渍 short fiber coarse or glass fiber 毡, in use polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) film 包覆起 形 formed sheet/slice pressure material. SMC as is types development new type pressure material, tool has many features: ① heavy property good, 不受操 as and outer conditions effect/influence;②操 as 处理方便;③操 as ring 境清洁, 卫生, improvement conditions;④ flow property good, can molding products;⑤模 pressure process for temperature degree and pressure requirements high, can scope/range large, can large degree reduce equipment and mold use;⑥ fiber long degree 40～50mm, quality uniform property good, 适宜于 pressure made 截面变化不 large large type thin products;⑦ products surface light degree high, using/adopting low shrinkage additives rear, surface quality more is 理想;⑧ production efficiency high, molding cycle short, easy achieve full machine 械化操 as, production cost versus for relatively low.

        SMC as is types new type material, according to specific applications and requirements different also development series new product types, 如BMC, TMC, HNC, XMC and other. ①团状模 pressure material (Bulk Molding Compound, BMC) its formed and SMC极 is versus 似, is types type mixed 团状模 pressure material, can used for pressure and extrusion molding. difference in material and made as process upper. BMC in fiber content relatively low, fiber long degree relatively short, 约6～18mm, filler material relatively large, 因而BMC products strong/high degree ratio SMC products strong/high degree low, BMC comparison combined pressure made small type products, 而SMC适 combined large type thin products. ② thick sheet/slice pressure material (Thick Molding Compound, TMC) its formed and made as and SMC versus 似, thick 达50mm. due to TMC thick degree large, glass fiber can machine distribution, improvement resin for glass fiber lubricating property. in addition, material also can using/adopting injection and molding. ③ high strength pressure material (Hight Molding Compound, HMC) and high strength sheet/slice pressure material XMC main/primary used for manufacturing automotive parts. HMC in add or less add filler, using/adopting short glass fiber, fiber content is 65% left right, glass fiber toward distribution, tool has good flow property and molding surface, its products strong/high degree is SMC products strong/high degree 3倍. XMC use toward fiber, fiber content 达70%～80%, filler. ④ZMC ZMC is types molding technology, ZMC三 字母并无实际含义, is 包含模 plastics, injection machine and mold types 含义. ZMC products maintain relatively high strong/high degree indicators, also tool has excellent appearance and very high production efficiency, comprehensive SMC and BMC advantages, obtain relatively fast development.

        1, SMC Raw Materials

        SMC Raw Materials combined formed resin, reinforcement material and 辅助材 material large type formed.

        (1) combined formed resin combined formed resin is saturated and polyester resin, different saturated and resin for resin increase 稠效果, process features and products property can, shrinkage rate, surface 状态均 has effect/influence. SMC for saturated and polyester resin has below/following requirements: ① viscosity low, for glass fiber lubricating property can good;②同 increase agent tool has reaction property, meet/satisfy increase requirements;③ solid speed, production cycle short, efficiency high;④ solid material has hot strong/high degree, products hot demolding;⑤ solid material has tough property, products certain deformation cracking;⑥ relatively low shrinkage rate.

        (2) reinforcement material reinforcement material is short glass fiber coarse or filament. in saturated and polyester resin plastics in, used for SMC reinforcement material currently has short glass fiber 毡, used for mixed material reinforcement material comparison more, has short glass fiber, fiber, and its it various has machine fiber. in SMC in, glass fiber content can in 5%～50% between adjustment.

        (3)辅助材 material 辅助材 material solid agent (引发 agent), surface treatment agent, increase agent, low shrinkage additives, demolding agent, color agent, filler and crosslinked agent.

        2, SMC made process

        SMC production process process/workflow main/primary resin made 备, upper as, fiber 切割沉 drop and 浸渍, resin and other process, its process process/workflow lower:

        (1) resin made and upper as resin made has types methods --间歇 method and method. method 程序如 lower: ① will saturated and polyester resin and styrene 倒入配 material in, uniform;② will agent 倒入配 material in, and resin and styrene mixed 匀;③ in function lower add increase agent and demolding agent;④ in low speed lower add filler and low shrinkage additives;⑤ in formulation 列各组 separation dispersion is 止, 停止搅拌, 静置待 use. method is will SMC formulation in resin separation is separation, increase agent, demolding agent, separation filler and styrene is separation, its separation is 另一部 separation, separation amount, mixed rear, 送入SMC machine upper versus material container inner, in need tube/pipe amount amount rear 进入静态 mixed combined device, mixed combined uniform rear to SMC machine upper 糊区, again coating to polyethylene (PE) film upper.

        (2)浸渍 and pressure 实 经 coating resin lower film in machine 组 牵引 lower short glass fiber drop 室, good short glass fiber uniform drop in resin upper, to requirements drop amount rear, 随传动 plant/unit 离开沉 drop 室, and coating has resin upper film versus combined, rear 进入由一 series 错落排列 锟阵 in, in force and function lower, lower, upper film will resin and short glass fiber pressure in 一起, more 次反复, make short glass fiber resin 并赶走 its in bubbles, formed 密实而 uniform 连续SMC sheet/slice material.

         products pressure made process

         composite/compounding material products pressure made process basic process/workflow 如图:

         composite/compounding material pressure material its molding cycle long short, generally can separation is fast speed molding process and slow speed molding process types. fast speed molding process suitable for pressure made small type thin composite/compounding material products, slow speed molding process suitable for pressure made large type thick composite/compounding material products.

        四, lamination and tube/pipe molding process

        1, lamination molding process

         lamination molding is will 预浸胶布 according to product and dimensions 进行剪裁, add rear, 放入两 抛 light metal mold between, add temperature add pressure molding composite/compounding material products production process. it is composite/compounding material molding process in development relatively 早, relatively formed 熟 一 types molding methods. process main/primary used for production electrical insulation sheet/plate and printing electrical sheet/plate 材. in, printing electrical sheet/plate already widely used in type machine, electrical machine, electrical machine and electrical machine, electrical product, type control electrical and other has need 平面集 formed electrical product in.

         lamination process main/primary used for production various specifications composite/compounding material sheet/plate 材, tool has machine 械化, 自动化程 degree high, product quality stability and other features, one-time property investment relatively large, suitable for amount production, and can production sheet/plate 材, specifications to equipment made.

         lamination process process large 致包括: 预浸胶布 made 备, 胶布裁剪叠 combined, hot pressure, cooling, demolding, processing, rear and other 工序, 如图 示:

        2, tube/pipe molding process

        卷 tube/pipe molding is use 预浸胶布 in tube/pipe machine upper hot molding types composite/compounding material products molding methods, its principle is 借助卷 tube/pipe machine upper hot 辊, will soft 化, make upper resin melt. in 一定 张 force function lower, in process in, 借助辊筒 and between scratch force, will 胶布连续卷 to tube/pipe upper, to requirements thick degree, rear cold cooling type, from tube/pipe machine upper lower, solid in solid 化. pipe/tube solid rear, 脱 芯模, composite/compounding material tube/pipe.

        卷 tube/pipe molding its upper methods different can separation is upper method and machine method types. its basic process is: 首先清理各辊筒, rear will hot add hot to setting temperature degree, adjustment good 胶布张 force. in pressure 辊不施 add pressure lower, will 引头布先 in coating has demolding agent tube/pipe upper upper 约1圈, rear lower pressure 辊, will 引头布贴 in hot upper, meanwhile will 胶布拉 upper, cover/cap in 引头布 add hot separation, and 引头布 versus 搭接. 引头布 long degree is 800～1200mm, tube/pipe 径而定, 引头布 and 胶布 搭接 long degree, generally is 150～250mm. in made thick pipe/tube 时, can in made positive 常运行 rear, will 芯模 旋转 speed degree add fast, in design thick again decrease slow speed, to design thick degree 时, 切断胶布. rear in maintain pressure pressure lower, make 芯模旋转1～2圈. most rear improves pressure 辊, amount tube/pipe outer 径, combined rear, from tube/pipe machine upper 取出, solid in solid molding.

        3, 预浸胶布 made process

        预浸胶布 is production composite/compounding material laminate 材, tube/pipe and belt/tape products semi formed product.

        (1) Raw Materials 预浸胶布 production main/primary Raw Materials has reinforcement material (如玻璃布, 石棉布, combined formed fiber 布, glass fiber 毡, 石棉毡, carbon fiber, fiber, 石棉纸, and other) and combined formed resin (如酚 aldehyde resin, resin, ring oxygen resin, saturated and polyester resin, has machine silicon resin and other).

        (2)预浸胶布 made process 预浸胶布 made is use hot or chemical 处理 玻璃布, 经浸胶槽浸渍 resin liquid, through plant/unit and plant/unit control resin content, in temperature degree lower, 经 一定 time 洪烤, make resin 由A阶转至B阶, from to 需 预浸胶布. usually will process is 玻璃 浸胶. process lower 图 示:

        五, molding process

        缠绕 molding process is will resin liquid fiber (or belt/tape, 预浸纱) according to 一定规律缠绕 to upper, rear solid 化, demolding, obtain products. according to fiber molding resin material chemical different, separation is dry method 缠绕, wet method and semi dry method 缠绕三 types.

        (1) dry method dry method is using/adopting 经 预浸胶处理 预浸纱 or belt/tape, in machine upper add hot soft viscous rear to upper. due to 预浸纱(or belt/tape) is production, can control resin content (精确 to 2%以 inner) and 预浸纱 quality. therefore, dry method can 够准确 control product quality. dry method process most large features is production efficiency high, speed degree can 达100～200m/min, machine 清洁, 劳动卫生 conditions good, product quality high. its disadvantages is equipment 贵, need increase 预浸纱 manufacturing equipment, investment relatively large in addition, dry method products 层间剪切 strong/high degree relatively low.

        (2) wet method wet method is will fiber 集束(纱式 belt/tape)浸胶 rear, in force control lower 直接缠绕 to upper. wet method advantages is: ① cost ratio dry method low 40%;② product gas property good, is 缠绕张 force make more resin liquid will bubbles extrusion, 并填满空隙;③ fiber 排列平行 degree good;④ wet method 缠绕时, fiber upper resin liquid, can decrease/reduce fiber abrasion loss;⑤ production efficiency high (达200m/min). wet method disadvantages is: ① resin large, as ring 境差;②含胶 amount and formed product quality easy control;③ can wet method resin product types relatively less.

        (3) semi dry method semi dry method is fiber rear, to 缠绕至芯模 途 in, increase sleeve/set dry equipment, will 浸胶纱 in solvent agent remove, and dry method versus ratio, 省却 预浸胶工序 and equipment; and wet method versus ratio, can make products in bubbles content reduce.

        三 types methods in, wet method application most is 普遍; dry method 缠绕仅 used for high property can, high degree technology field/area.

         fiber molding advantages ① can product force design 缠绕规律, make can separation fiber strong/high degree;② ratio strong/high degree high: generally 讲, fiber pressure container and 同体积, pressure container versus ratio, weight can decrease light 40～60%;③ can property high: fiber products easy achieve machine and 自动化 production, process conditions rear, product quality stability, 精确;④ production efficiency high: using/adopting machine or 自动化 production, need as less, speed degree fast (240m/min), 故劳动 production rate high;⑤ cost low: in product upper, can combined 理配选若 dry types material (包括 resin, fiber and inner 衬), make its again composite/compounding, to most technology 经济效果.

        缠绕 molding disadvantages ①缠绕 molding property small, can 缠任意 structure products, especially is surface has products, is 缠绕时, fiber can 紧贴芯模 surface 而架空;②缠绕 molding need has machine, 芯模, solid add hot 炉, demolding machine and technology 工人, need investment large, technology requirements high, therefore, has large amount production can reduce cost, can obtain relatively technology 经济效益.

        1, Raw Materials

        缠绕 molding Raw Materials main/primary is fiber reinforcement material, resin and filler.

        (1) reinforcement material molding use reinforcement material, main/primary is various fiber 纱: alkali glass fiber 纱, in alkali glass fiber 纱, carbon fiber 纱, high strong/high glass fiber 纱, fiber and surface and other.

        (2) resin resin is resin and solid agent formed liquid system. products heat resistant property, chemical resistant property and resistant aging property main/primary 取决于 resin property can, meanwhile for process property, force property can has very large effect/influence. molding commonly used resin main/primary is saturated and polyester resin, has use ring oxygen resin and di 马 酰亚 amine resin and other. for/regarding generally use products tube/pipe, and other, more using/adopting saturated and polyester resin. for force property can pressure shrink strong/high degree and 层间剪切 strong/high degree requirements high products, can selection ring oxygen resin. aerospace aviation products more using/adopting tool has high fracture tough property and resistant wet property can good di 马 酰亚 amine resin.

        (3) filler filler types type very more, add rear can improvement resin certain function, improve/increase wear resistance, increase flame retardant property and reduce shrinkage rate and other. in liquid in add 入空心 glass beads, can improve/increase products rigid property, decrease small density reduce cost and other. in production large 口径 埋 pipeline 时, add 入30%石英砂, improve/increase product rigid property and reduce cost. is improve/increase filler and resin between bonding strong/high degree, filler need ensure and surface active property 处理.

        2, 芯模

         molding in products inner 模称芯模. generally lower, products solid rear, need from products inner 脱出.

        芯模 design basic requirements ① need has strong/high degree and rigid degree, can 够承受 products molding processing process in add 于芯模 various 载荷, heavy, products heavy, 缠绕张 force, solid force, processing 时 切削 force and other;② can meet/satisfy products and dimensions degree requirements, 如形状 dimensions, degree, degree, degree (demolding), surface light degree and degree and other;③ ensure product solid rear, can from products in 脱出;④ manufacturing simple, 造价便宜, 取材方便.

        芯模材 material molding 芯模材 material separation type: 熔, solvent property material and 组装式材 material. 熔, solvent property material is wax, water solvent property polyethylene (PE) alcohol type 砂, low melting point metal and other, this category of material can use method made formed or 实心芯模, products molding rear, from 开口处通入 hot water or high pressure 蒸汽, make its solvent, 熔, from products in 流出, solvent 体, cooling rear heavy use. 组装式芯模材 material commonly used has aluminum, 钢, structure, and and other. another also has inner material, inner material is products formed separation, solid rear from products in 取出, inner material function main/primary is anti and 密封, 当然也 can to function, belongs to this category of material has 橡胶, plastics, 不锈钢 and aluminum alloy and other.

        3, machine

        缠绕 machine is achieve molding process main/primary equipment, for machine requirements is: ① can achieve products design 缠绕规律 and 排纱准确;②操 as 简便;③ production efficiency high;④ equipment cost low.

        缠绕 machine main/primary 由芯模驱动 and filament 嘴驱动两 large separation formed. is remove filament toward 运动时 fiber 松线, maintain force stability and in or 锥形缠绕 products belt/tape 布置精确, achieve small 缠绕角(0°～15°)缠绕, in machine upper design has 垂直芯轴 direction toward to (伸臂) machine 构. is anti filament toward 运动时纱 belt/tape 转拧, upper has can make filament 嘴翻志 machine 构.

        我国60 year made formed strip/profile 式缠绕 machine, 70 year 代引进 Germany WE-250数控缠绕 machine, rear achieve Domestic production, 80 year rear 我国引进 various type 式缠绕 machine 40 more 台, 经 改进 rear, design manufacturing formed micro machine control machine, 并进入国际 market.

         machine 械式缠绕 machine type type

        (1)绕臂式平面缠绕 machine its features is 绕臂(装 has filament 嘴)围绕芯模做 uniform 旋转运动, 芯模绕自身轴线 as uniform slow speed 转动, 绕臂(即绕 filament 嘴)每转一周, 芯模转 一 small degree. small degree for 应缠绕 container upper 一 纱 sheet/slice wide degree, ensure sheet/slice in upper 一 紧挨一 布满 container surface. fast speed 旋转时, filament 嘴沿垂直 面 direction slow upper lower 移动, can achieve ring toward 缠绕, use this type of machine advantages is, 芯模受 force uniform, machine 构运行平稳, uniform, suitable for dry method in small type short coarse container.

        (2)滚翻式缠绕 machine this type of machine 芯模由两 摇支承, 缠绕时芯模自身轴旋转, 两臂同步旋转 make 芯模翻滚一周, 芯模自转一 and sheet/slice wide versus 适应 角 degree, fiber solid 定 伸臂供 to, achieve 平面缠绕, ring toward 缠绕由附 add plant/unit achieve. due to 滚翻动 as machine 构不宜 large, type machine suitable for small type products, use 不广泛.

        (3)卧式缠绕 machine this type of machine is strip/profile belt/tape small 车(绕 filament 嘴) as 往复运动, in 封头端 has 瞬时停歇, 芯模绕自身轴 as and other speed 旋转, adjustment speed degree can achieve 平面缠绕, ring toward and 螺旋缠绕, this type of machine simple, applications 广泛, 适宜于缠绕 fine long tube/pipe and container.

        (4)轨道式缠绕 machine 轨道式缠绕 machine separation and 卧式两 types. 纱团, and filament 嘴均装 in small upper, small ring 形轨道绕芯模一周时, 芯模自身转动一 纱 sheet/slice wide degree, 芯模轴线 and water 平面 夹角 is 平面缠绕角α. from formed 平面缠绕 type, adjustment and small speed degree can achieve ring toward and 螺旋缠绕. 轨道式缠绕 machine combined production large type products.

        (5)行星式缠绕 machine and water 平面倾斜 formed α角(即缠绕角). molding 时, as and 公转两 运动, filament solid 定不动. adjustment 芯模自转 and speed degree can formed 平面缠绕, ring toward and 螺旋缠绕. 芯模公转 is 主运动, is to 运动. this type of machine combined production small type products.

        (6)球形缠绕 machine 球形缠绕 machine has 4 运动轴, 球形缠绕 machine filament 嘴转动, 芯模旋转 and 芯模偏摆, basic upper and 摇臂式缠绕 machine same, 第四 轴运动 is utilizing filament 嘴步进 achieve sheet/slice 缠绕, decrease/reduce outer fiber 堆积, improve/increase container thick uniform property. and filament 嘴转动, make fiber 布满球体 surface. 芯模轴偏转运动, can 改变缠绕极孔 dimensions and adjustment 缠绕角, meet/satisfy products force requirements.

        (7) cable ring toward machine ring toward cable 式缠绕 machine suitable for production 无封头 筒形 container and various pipeline. has toward 纱团 转 ring and 芯模同步旋转, can 沿芯模轴 toward 往复运动, formed toward 纱铺放, ring toward in ring small upper, 当芯模转动, small 车沿芯模轴 toward as 往复运动时, formed ring toward 纱缠绕. according to pipeline force 情况, can adjustment ring toward amount ratio/proportion.

        (8) new type tube/pipe machine new type tube/pipe machine and 现行缠绕 machine difference in 于, it is tube/pipe 芯自转, meanwhile can tube/pipe long direction as 往复运动, formed process. this type of new type machine advantages is, filament solid 定, is 工人处理断头, filament and tube/pipe belt/tape very large 方便; more 路进纱 can achieve large amount filament 缠绕, speed degree fast, filament uniform, has improve/increase product weight and output/production volume.

        六, molding process

         composite/compounding material products molding process, is from Raw Materials 开始, 经 浸胶, molding, solid 化, demolding, and other 工序, to most rear obtain formed product process process, is in 连续不断 进行.

         according to production product different, molding process separation is 连续拉挤 molding process, 连续缠绕 molding process and made sheet/plate process types.

        连续缠绕 molding process main/primary used for production different 口径 玻璃钢 tube/pipe and 罐身. 连续缠绕 machine features is: production efficiency high, product quality stability, strong/high degree low, Raw Materials, decrease/reduce 芯模数 amount and other, this type of process technology content high, equipment investment large, difficult degree large. types process is will plastics tube/pipe extrusion technology and fiber process versus combined, plastics inner 衬玻璃钢 tube/pipe, extrusion plastics tube/pipe meanwhile to and anti inner function.

        拉挤 molding process main/primary used for production various 玻璃钢 type 材, 如玻璃钢 rod, type, type, type, type, type and 异形断面 type and other. currently most large molding machine, can production is 800mm×800mm 空腹玻璃钢 type 材. new type molding technology 不断涌现, 如RIM拉挤 molding machine, bending type 材拉挤 process and other.

        连续 made sheet/plate process main/primary is use 玻璃纤毡, is reinforcement material, 连续不断 production various specifications sheet/plate, sheet/plate and structure sheet/plate and other.

        连续 molding process features: ① production process full achieve machine 械化身自动化, production efficiency high;② production process 不间断, products long degree 不限;③ product rear processing, production process in waste material less, raw materials and can 源;④ product quality stability, heavy property good, formed product rate high;⑤操 as 方便, force, conditions good;⑥ cost low.

        拉挤 molding process

        拉挤 molding process is will resin liquid glass fiber 束, belt/tape or and other, in force function lower, through pressure mold molding, solid 化, 连续不断 production long degree 不限 玻璃钢 type 材. this type of process most production various 断面形状 玻璃钢 type 材, rod, tube/pipe, type 材(工字形, 槽形, type 材) and type 材(门窗 type 材, sheet/slice and other) and other.

        拉挤 molding is composite/compounding material molding process in types process, its advantages is: ① production process full achieve 自动化 control, production efficiency high;②拉挤 molding products in fiber content can high 达80%, in force lower 进行, can separation reinforcement material function, product strong/high degree high;③ products 纵, toward strong/high degree can adjustment, can meet/satisfy different force property can products use requirements;④ production process in 无边角 waste material, product rear processing, relatively its it process 省工, raw materials, can consumption;⑤ products quality stability, heavy property good, long degree can 任意切断.

        拉挤 molding process disadvantages is product mono 调, can production type 材, but also toward strong/high degree high.

        (1)拉挤 process use Raw Materials

        ① resin in process in, application most more is saturated and polyester resin, 约占本 process resin use amount 90 above, another also has ring oxygen resin, ethylene resin, hot solid property methacrylic acid resin, modified aldehyde resin, flame retardant property resin and other.

        ② reinforcement material process use reinforcement material, main/primary is glass fiber and its products, 如无捻 coarse 纱, fiber and other. is meet/satisfy products property can requirements, can selection fiber, carbon fiber and metal fiber and other. is types fiber, used for process 时, its surface must 经 处理, make and resin can very good bonding.

        ③辅助材 material process 辅助材 material main/primary has demolding agent and filler.

        (2)拉挤 molding mold

         mold is molding technology important tool, generally molding and molding 模两部 separation formed. ①预 molding mold in molding process in, reinforcement material resin rear (or by meanwhile), in molding mold front, must 经 由一组导纱元 parts formed molding mold, molding function is will rear reinforcement material, according to type 材断面配置形式, 逐步形 formed molding 模控形状 and dimensions molding 体, rear molding 模, this can ensure products 断面含纱 amount uniform. ② molding mold molding mold 横截面面积 and product 横截面面积之 ratio generally large or and other 于10, ensure mold has strong/high degree and rigid degree, add hot rear hot amount distribution uniform and stability. mold long degree is according to molding process in speed degree and resin solid speed degree 决定, ensure products 拉出时达 to demolding solid degree. generally using/adopting 钢镀铬, mold cavity surface requirements light 洁, wear resistant, decrease/reduce molding is scratch retardant force and improve/increase mold use lifespan.

        (3)拉挤 molding process

        拉挤 molding process process is 由送纱, 浸胶, molding, solid type, 牵引, and other 工序组 formed. coarse from 纱架引出 rear, 经 排纱 device 进入浸胶槽浸透 resin liquid, rear 进入预 molding 模, will more resin and bubbles 排出, again molding 模凝胶, solid 化. solid rear products 由牵引 machine 连续不断 from mold 拔出, most rear 由切断 machine long 切断. in molding process in, 每道工序都 can has different methods: 如送纱工序, can increase fiber 毡, ring toward 缠绕纱 or use toward material improve/increase products toward strong/high degree;牵引工序 can is belt/tape 式牵引 machine, can use machine 械手; solid methods can is inner solid 化, can use add hot solid 化; add hot methods can is high frequency electrical add hot, can use melt metal (low melting point metal) and other.

        (4) its it molding process

        拉挤 molding process remove and machine outer, has bending products molding process, reaction injection process and filler process and other.

        连续缠 tube/pipe process

        连续缠 tube/pipe process and long 玻璃钢 tube/pipe versus ratio has lower features: ① production 连续, easy achieve 自动化 tube/pipe and fast speed solid 化, production efficiency high;② need equipment less, especially is mold use amount less, product more investment less;③ product long degree can 任意切断, use long this (12m or 15m), can decrease/reduce tube/pipe 接头数 amount, reduce engineering 造价;④ production process 自动化, process parameters in control, product quality easy ensure.

        另一 types made tube/pipe process using/adopting plastics tube/pipe and 玻璃钢 composite/compounding process, 即EPF method, use method production composite/compounding material tube/pipe ratio 普通玻璃钢 tube/pipe anti 腐, resistant property good.

        (1)连续缠 tube/pipe raw materials

        连续缠 tube/pipe use Raw Materials, need is meet/satisfy product use requirements and process production requirements.

        ① reinforcement material according to 玻璃钢 tube/pipe and PVC/玻璃钢 composite/compounding tube/pipe production requirements, reinforcement material product types has surface 毡, short glass fiber (GF) or composite/compounding and surface combined use, coarse 纱.

        ② resin 基体 连续缠 tube/pipe use resin main/primary is saturated and polyester resin. 连续缠 tube/pipe process for resin requirements is: viscosity 适当, easy fiber, time long, solid time short, solid hot low, solid shrinkage small.

        ③辅助材 material is improve/increase pipe/tube rigid degree, add 入石英砂, its add amount can 达30%(most high). demolding agent use polyester film, film formed belt/tape, wide degree is belt/tape wide degree 一倍, 缠绕搭接1/2.

        (2)连续缠 tube/pipe process

        连续缠 tube/pipe is use glass fiber or belt/tape (or 现浸), design 缠绕规律缠绕 in upper, outer, inner add hot solid molding, in upper belt/tape lower, 连续不断 toward front 推进, demolding, again 经二次 solid rear long 切断. tube/pipe 径时, need more made tube/pipe machine 芯模便 can, its process process/workflow lower:

        连续 made sheet/plate process

        连续 made sheet/plate process 始于二战 rear FRP industrial 由军转民时代, 我国自1965 year 初开始 research, research formed is filament reinforcement poly chlorine 乙波形 sheet/plate production 红, product is 横波形瓦, 70 year in Shanghai made formed polyester 玻璃钢 production 线, 80 year rear 引进3 strip/profile sheet/plate 材连续 production 线, its production technology 达国际先进 water 平.

        玻璃钢波形 sheet/plate is construction industrial in use amount most large types product. main/primary used for construction engineering, industrial construction 屋顶采 light and temperature 室. and 传统 石棉瓦 versus ratio, tool has quality light, strong/high degree high, impact resistant, can light and resistant and other features.

        玻璃钢波形 sheet/plate separation is sheet/plate and sheet/plate type, sheet/plate direction 平行于 sheet/plate long 边, sheet/plate direction 垂直于 sheet/plate long 边. 就波纹形状而言, has standards type 连续圆弧波, 连续异形波纹 and 不连续异形波纹.

        连续 made sheet/plate process, inner outer large same, is in equipment local and process measures 方面略 has different.

        七, thermoplastic property composite/compounding material molding process

         thermoplastic property composite/compounding material is glass fiber, carbon fiber, fiber and other reinforcement various thermoplastic property resin 总称, outer 称FRTP(Fiber Rinforced Thermo Plastics). due to thermoplastic property resin and reinforcement material types type different, its production process and made formed composite/compounding material property can very large.

         from production process degree analysis, property composite/compounding material separation is short fiber reinforcement composite/compounding material and fiber reinforcement composite/compounding material large type: (1) short fiber reinforcement composite/compounding material ① injection molding process;② extrusion molding process;③离心 molding process. (2)连续 fiber reinforcement and long fiber reinforcement composite/compounding material ①预浸 material pressure molding;② sheet/slice plastics pressure molding;③ sheet/slice plastics true molding;④预浸纱缠绕 molding;⑤拉挤 molding.

         thermoplastic property composite/compounding material property can lower:

        (1) density small, strong/high degree high thermoplastic property composite/compounding material density is 1.1～1.6g/cm3, is 钢材 1/5～1/7, ratio hot solid property 玻璃钢 light 1/3～1/4. it can relatively small mono quality obtain more high machine strong/high degree. generally 讲, is general purpose plastics also is engineering plastics, use glass fiber reinforcement rear, obtain relatively high reinforcement 效果, high strength application 档次.

        (2) property can can design property degree large thermoplastic property composite/compounding material physical properties, chemical property can, force property can, is through combined selection Raw Materials types type, ratio, processing methods, fiber content and methods design. due to thermoplastic property composite/compounding material 基体材 material types type ratio hot solid property composite/compounding material more very more, therefore, its material selection design degree large more.

        (3) thermal properties generally plastics use temperature degree is 50～100℃, use glass fiber reinforcement rear, can improve/increase to 100℃ above. nylon 6 heat deflection temperature (HDT) is 65℃, use 30% glass fiber reinforced rear, hot temperature degree can improve/increase to 190℃. polyether ether ketone resin heat resistant property 达220℃, use 30% glass fiber reinforced rear, use temperature degree can improve/increase to 310℃, this high heat resistant property, hot solid property composite/compounding material is to. thermoplastic property composite/compounding material 线膨胀系数 ratio reinforcement plastics low 1/4～1/2, can reduce products molding process in shrinkage rate, improve/increase products dimensions degree. its thermal conductivity is 0.3～0.36W(㎡·K), and hot solid property composite/compounding material versus 似.

        (4) chemical resistant property composite/compounding material chemical resistant property, main/primary 由基体材 material property can 决定, thermoplastic property resin types type very more, types resin has anti features, therefore, can according to composite/compounding material use ring and conditions, for resin excellent 选, generally can meet/satisfy use requirements. thermoplastic property composite/compounding material resistant water property excellent hot solid property composite/compounding material.

        (5) electrical property can generally thermoplastic property composite/compounding material tool has good electrical property can, 不反射无线 electrical electrical 波, micro property can good and other. due to thermoplastic property composite/compounding material water absorption ratio hot solid property 玻璃钢 small, its electrical property can excellent rear 者. in thermoplastic property composite/compounding material in add conductive material rear, can improvement its conductive property can, anti generate electrical.

        (6) waste material can recycling utilizing thermoplastic property composite/compounding material can heavy processing molding, waste product and 边角余 material can recycling utilizing, 不会造 formed ring 境污染.

         due to thermoplastic property composite/compounding material has very more excellent hot solid property 玻璃钢 特殊 property can, application areas separation 广泛, from outer application analysis, thermoplastic property composite/compounding material main/primary used for manufacturing industrial, machine electrical industrial, chemical industry anti and construction engineering and other 方面.

        1, injection molding process

         injection molding is thermoplastic property composite/compounding material main/primary production methods, history 悠久, application most 广. its advantages is: molding cycle short, can consumption most small, product degree high, one-time can molding complex and belt/tape has parts products, can production several products, production efficiency high. disadvantages is can production fiber reinforcement composite/compounding material products and for mold quality requirements relatively high. according to currently technology development water 平, injection molding most large product is 5kg, most small to 1g, this type of methods main/primary use production various machine parts, construction products, home appliances housing/shell 体, electrical appliances material, parts and other.

        2, extrusion molding process

         extrusion molding is thermoplastic property composite/compounding material products production in application relatively process 之一. its main features is production process 连续, production efficiency high, equipment simple, technology easy and other. extrusion molding process main/primary used for production tube/pipe, rod, sheet/plate and type type and other product. reinforcement plastics tube/pipe glass fiber reinforced 门窗异 type type 材, in has very large market. extrusion molding composite/compounding material products process process/workflow lower:

        3, molding process

         thermoplastic property composite/compounding material molding process principle and machine equipment and hot solid property 玻璃 一样, different is thermoplastic property composite/compounding material products reinforcement material is glass fiber (GF) coarse 纱, is 经 浸胶(thermoplastic property resin) 预浸纱. therefore, need in machine upper increase 预浸纱 preheating plant/unit and add hot add pressure 辊. molding 时, will 预浸纱 add hot to soft 化点, again and 芯模 接触点 add hot, add pressure add pressure, make its formed overall.

        4, thermoplastic property composite/compounding material molding

         thermoplastic property composite/compounding material molding process and hot solid property 玻璃钢 basic versus 似. need mold front methods add renovation, production hot solid property 玻璃钢 equipment can use. production thermoplastic property composite/compounding material product reinforcement material has types: types is 经 浸胶 预浸纱 or belt/tape, types is 未浸胶 fiber or fiber belt/tape.

        5, welding combined method

        此 method utilizing thermoplastic property composite/compounding material can property, production composite/compounding material sheet/plate 材. its methods lower: in as upper pressure 铺一层预浸 material (generally wide 500mm), 铺第二层浸 material 时, pressure welding device, make material pressure lower, welding device make upper lower 两层预浸 material in 几秒钟 inner meanwhile hot 熔化, machine toward front 移动时, material in pressure pressure (0.3MPa) function lower bonding formed 一体. heavy 复, can production thick degree sheet/plate 材.

        6, thermoplastic property sheet/slice plastics products pressure molding process

         thermoplastic property sheet/slice 状模塑 products pressure molding and hot solid property SMC pressure made molding different, it need will material preheating, rear again mold add pressure molding.

        7, thermoplastic property composite/compounding material technology

         thermoplastic property composite/compounding material methods very more, 例举如 lower: ①铆接 used for thermoplastic property composite/compounding material use 铆钉, generally is use fiber reinforcement thermoplastic property plastics manufacturing, most good is use rod manufacturing. 施工时, preheating to can add compression molding temperature degree, and 孔径应 can 严密配 combined, can large, can small. can use metal 螺栓. advantages is resistant impact property good, electrical chemical 腐蚀, price 便宜. ② welding thermoplastic property composite/compounding material welding 处理, is will by 连接材 material welding surface add hot to 熔化状态, rear add pressure, make formed 一体. composite/compounding material welding principle and plastics welding versus 似, must attention/notes welding fiber reinforcement 效果不 can reduce very more. ③ pipe fittings for thermoplastic property composite/compounding material tube/pipe for methods has for and strong/high for 接焊两 types. this type of methods advantages is process simple, can in 现场施工, for tube/pipe 子进行 machine processing, strong/high degree high, easy fracture. disadvantages is cost high, process requirements 严格, need ensure dimensions 紧密配 combined. ④缠绕 welding use belt/tape 沿焊缝手工 or machine 械缠绕, is use 火焰喷枪 for 接触点 add hot melt, make and by parts viscous 牢. selection belt/tape 时, need attention/notes fiber direction and content. method relatively use, by 连接材 material can relatively good property can, easy add hot phenomenon. ⑤ thin sheet/plate ultra- 声波 welding method is use ultra- 声波 for by 连接处进行 add hot welding, generally can obtain relatively high strong/high degree.

        八, its it molding process

         polymer composite/compounding material its it molding process, main/primary 指离心 molding process, molding process, elastomer resin molding process (ERM), reinforcement reaction injection molding process (RRIM) and other.

        1, molding process

        离心 molding process in composite/compounding material products production in, main/primary is used for manufacturing pipe/tube (埋 tube/pipe), it is will resin, glass fiber and filler 按一定 ratio/proportion and methods add to mold cavity inner, high speed generate force, make material material pressure 密实, solid molding.

        离心玻璃钢 tube/pipe separation is pressure tube/pipe non pressure tube/pipe type, its use pressure is 0～18MPa. this type of tube/pipe tube/pipe generally is φ400～φ2500mm, most large tube/pipe or 达5m, 以φ1200mm above tube/pipe 径经济效果 most 佳, tube/pipe long degree 2～12m, generally is 6 m.

        离心玻璃钢 tube/pipe advantages very more, and 普通玻璃钢 tube/pipe and mixed tube/pipe versus ratio, it strong/high degree high, weight light, anti 腐, wear resistant (is water tube/pipe 5～10倍), energy saving, resistant 久(50 year above) and comprehensive engineering low, especially is large tube/pipe and other; and add 砂玻璃钢 tube/pipe versus ratio, its most large features is rigid degree large, cost low, tube/pipe can its function design formed more structure. method made tube/pipe quality stability, Raw Materials loss consumption less, its comprehensive cost low tube/pipe. 离心玻璃钢 tube/pipe can deep 15m, can true and outer pressure. its disadvantages is inner surface light slip, water force features comparison 差.

        离心玻璃钢 tube/pipe application outlook/prospects separation vast, its main applications scope/range 包括: to water and water engineering dry tube/pipe, 油田注 water tube/pipe, water tube/pipe, chemical industry anti tube/pipe and other.

        (1) Raw Materials

         production tube/pipe Raw Materials has resin, glass fiber and filler (powder and filler) and other.

         resin application most is saturated and polyester resin, can according to use conditions and process requirements selection resin grade and solid agent.

         reinforcement material is glass fiber and its products. glass fiber (GF) products has fiber 毡, 网格布 and mono toward and other, manufacturing 异形断面 products 时, can will glass fiber (GF) made formed products, rear 放入模 inner.

         filler filler as is use increase products rigid degree, thick degree, reduce cost, filler types type need according to use requirements selection, generally is 石英砂, powder, 辉绿岩 powder and other.

        (2) process process/workflow

        离心 made tube/pipe process process/workflow lower:

        离心 made tube/pipe add material methods and molding process different, add material system is resin, fiber and filler material plant/unit, 统一安装 in can 往复运动 small upper.

        (3) mold

        离心 method production 玻璃钢 tube/pipe mold, main/primary is 钢模, mold separation overall and 拼装式两 types: small 于φ800mm tube/pipe mold, use overall 式, large 于φ800mm tube/pipe mold, can use 拼装式.

         mold design need ensure has strong/high degree and rigid degree, anti 止旋转, process in deformation. mold tube/pipe 身, 封头, 托轮箍组 formed. tube/pipe 身由钢 sheet/plate 卷焊而 formed, small tube/pipe can use 无缝钢 tube/pipe. function is increase tube/pipe 模端头 strong/high degree and anti material material outer 流. 托轮箍 function is mold, 传递旋转 force, make mold in machine upper high speed degree 旋转, mold tube/pipe inner surface must 平整, light slip, generally need processing and light, ensure demolding.

        2, molding process

        浇注 molding main/primary used for production fiber reinforcement composite/compounding material products, 如人造 large 理石, 钮扣, 包埋动, material 标本, process product, solid agent, decoration sheet/plate and other.

        浇注 molding comparison simple, need production excellent product, need 熟练 操 as technology.

        (1)钮扣 production process

         use polyester resin 浇注 钮扣, tool has hardness high, gloss good, wear resistant, resistant 烫, resistant dry 洗, color product types more and price low and other advantages, currently in inner outer already basic has machine 玻璃钮扣, 占钮扣 market 80% above.

         production raw materials main/primary is saturated and polyester resin, solid agent (引发 agent using/adopting oxidation ketone) and 辅助材 material (包括 color 浆, light powder, agent and other).

         polyester using/adopting 离心浇注式 rod 材浇注 method production, made formed sheet/plate or rod 材, rear sheet/plate, rod made formed 钮扣, again hot 处理, 刮面, 刮底, 铣槽, 打眼, light and other made formed 钮扣.

        (2)人造石材 production process

        人造石材 is use saturated and polyester resin and filler made formed. due to selection filler different, made formed 人造石材 separation is large 理石, 人造玛瑙, 人造花岗石 and polyester mixed and other.

         production 人造石材 Raw Materials is saturated and polyester resin, filler and material: ① resin production 人造石材 resin separation and structure 层两各, surface decoration resin requirements shrinkage property small, has tough property, hardness good, heat resistant, wear resistant, resistant water and other, meanwhile requirements easy color. 辛戌二 alcohol type resin used for 人造石材, 辛戌二 alcohol type resin used for production 卫生洁 tool. solid system, commonly used oxidation ketone, acid solvent liquid. ② filler production 人造石材 filler has very more, production large filler is large powder, powder, 白云石 powder, carbon acid powder and other, production 人造花岗石 filler is use material grade 配, different product types 花岗石 use different color color material, production 人玛瑙 filler need has transparent property, generally selection hydrogen oxidation aluminum or oxidation aluminum and other. ③颜 material production 人造石材 need color material, made large or 人造玛瑙浴盆, selection heat resistant, resistant water color 浆, manufacturing decoration sheet/plate and process product 时, need selection lightfast, resistant water and resistant 久 颜 material.

         production large 理石, 花岗石 sheet/plate use mold material has 玻璃钢, 不锈钢, plastics, and other. production 人造石 sheet/plate 材 模 sheet/plate, requirements surface 平整, gloss, has strong/high degree and rigid degree, can production process in hot force, 搬运荷载 and and other.

        3, elastomer resin molding technology

         elastomer resin molding (Elastic Reservir Molding, ERM) is 80 year in 欧美出现 new process, it is use flexible material (开孔 polyurethane ester foam plastics) as is 芯材并渗入 resin 糊. this type of has resin foam in molding good ERM材 material in 间, foam make ERM made formed product density reduce, impact strong/high degree and rigid degree improve/increase, can is pressure made molding structure products.

        ERM and SMC一样, belongs to pressure molding sheet/slice plastics, is due to ERM tool has structure 构造, to it belt/tape excellent 于SMC features: (1) weight light: ERM ratio use and SMC made formed products light 30% above;(2)ERM products ratio rigid degree excellent 于SMC, aluminum and made formed products;(3)搞 impact strong/high degree high: in reinforcement material content same conditions lower, ERM ratio SMC impact resistant strong/high degree high very more;(4) material force property can high: in reinforcement material content same conditions lower, ERM products material force property can excellent 于SMC products;(5) investment use low: ERM molding machine ratio SMC machine simple, ERM products molding pressure ratio SMC products low 10倍 left right, production ERM products can using/adopting low pressure machine and low strong/high degree material mold, from decrease/reduce investment.

        ERM products production process separation is ERM manufacturing and ERM products molding process:

        (1)ERM production process ERM production Raw Materials is polyurethane ester foam plastics, various fiber products (如 glass fiber, carbon fiber, fiber made formed short 切毡, fiber 毡, 针织毡 and other) and various hot solid property resin. its production process lower: in ERM machine upper will good resin 糊浸渍开孔 polyurethane ester foam plastics, through coating device will resin coating to foam upper, use pressure will resin pressure to foam 体 孔 inner, rear will foam composite/compounding to 一起, most rear in upper lower 两 面铺放 glass fiber (GF) or its it fiber products, made formed ERM夹层材 material, formed dimensions, used for pressure made molding or 贮存.

        (2)ERM products production process ERM products production process and its it hot solid property pressure material (glass fiber (GF) or 毡预浸 material, SMC and other) versus ratio, need in hot pressure conditions lower solid molding, molding pressure ratio SMC small very more, large is SMC molding pressure 1/10, is 0.5～0.7MPa.

        ERM technology currently main/primary used for automotive industrial material and light construction composite/compounding material industrial. due to ERM tool has structure material features, is suitable for production large type structure combined parts, various light sheet/plate 材, active 动房屋, 雷达罩, and other. in automotive industrial in products has 行李车拖斗, cover/cap sheet/plate, table/sheet 盘, 保险杠, 车门, sheet/plate and other.

        4, reinforcement reaction injection technology

         reinforcement reaction injection process (Reinforced Reaction Injection Molding, RRIM) is utilizing high pressure impact mixed combined types mono material material and short fiber reinforcement material, will its injection to mold cavity inner, fast speed solid reaction formed products types molding methods. if use reinforcement material, is reaction injection 模塑(ReactionInjection Moling, RIM). using/adopting fiber reinforcement 时, is structure reaction injection 模塑(Structure Reaction Injection Molding, SRIM).

        RRIM Raw Materials separation resin system and reinforcement material type

        (1) resin system production RRIM resin 应滞如 lower requirements: ①必 must types above mono formed;② mono in room temperature conditions lower can maintain stability;③ viscosity 适当, easy use 泵输送;④ mono mixed combined rear, can fast speed solid 化;⑤ solid reaction generate material. application most more is polyurethane ester resin, saturated and polyester resin and ring oxygen resin.

        (2) reinforcement material commonly used reinforcement material has glass fiber powder, glass fiber and glass beads. is increase reinforcement material and resin bonding strong/high degree, upper reinforcement material using/adopting reinforcement coupling agent surface treatment.

        RRIM process features: ① product design degree large, can production large dimensions parts;② molding pressure low (0.35～0.7MPa), reaction molding 时, pressure force, product in inner hot amount small;③ products shrinkage rate low, dimensional stability good, add has a large amount of filler and reinforcement material, decrease/reduce resin solid shrinkage;④ products parts process 简便;⑤ products surface quality good, powder and glass beads can improve/increase products wear resistance and heat resistant property;⑥ production equipment simple, mold use low, molding cycle short, products production cost low.

        RRIM products most large use is automotive is, can automotive 保险杠, table/sheet 盘, high strength RRIM products can automotive structure material, 承载材 material. due to its molding cycle short, property can can design, in electrical insulation engineering, anti engineering, machine table/sheet industrial in engineering plastics and polymer/macromolecule alloy application.