Shanghai Daoqin Plastics Co., Ltd.

        一, nano material features

         nano is types long degree amount mono 位, 1 nano is 十 100 million separation 之一米(10-9m). nano material is 指粒径 scope/range in 1~100nm inner additives, 此粒径 scope/range 处于原子簇 and macro material 体交界 渡区域, is types type system. material pellets dimensions nano scope/range 时, tool has pellets dimensions tool has property can. this is is nano pellets dimensions and material many long degree versus 当, electronics 德布洛意波 long, ultra- 导 versus dry long degree, iron magnetic property dimensions and other, from 而导致 nano material material 理, chemical features different micro structure 原子, separation 子, different macro structure material 体, its property can 介于两者 between.

        （一） nano pellets comprehensive 效应

         nano pellets structure is relatively less or separation formed 原子群 or separation 子群. its surface is long has also short has non crystallization 层;而 in pellets internal, in crystallization good, cycle property 排布 原子. positive is nano pellets types structure type type, its tool has lower types property can.

        1, 体积效应

        体积效应 also is small dimensions 效应. nano pellets dimensions small to and light long, 德布洛意波 long, ultra- 导 versus dry long degree or deep degree and other features dimensions versus or more small 时, its cycle property conditions will by bad, table/sheet non 晶体附近 原子 density decrease/reduce, 导致材 material 声, light, electrical, magnetic, hot, catalytic and other features and 普通材 material versus ratio, 发生巨 large 变化.

        2, surface 效应

         surface also is interface 效应, it is nano pellets surface and 总原子数之 ratio 随粒径 decrease small 而急剧 increase large, and in nano inner also in various defect (如孪晶界, 层错, and other), also has different versus 共存, this type of structure property can upper 变化, 并由此派生出传统 solid tool has many property can.

        3, amount 子隧道效应

         micro pellets tool has 贯穿势垒 can force is amount 子隧道效应. nano pellets magnetic strong/high degree and other tool has amount 子隧道效应, it can macro system 势垒而 generate 变化. this is due to pellets dimensions decrease small, pellets inner decrease/reduce formed.

        （二） nano pellets features

         nano pellets features can from 两方面进行 analysis: surface features and inner in features.

         nano pellets many good property can and surface features has 关, low density, low flow speed rate, high property, high mixed combined property and low pressure shrink property can and other. from material property upper 说, is due to its ratio surface large: nano pellets many features and its ratio surface large has 关, due to its surface structure 特殊, in nano pellets surface generate surface 层, but also pellets small, surface thick degree large. surface inner non “ gas 体状”自由 structure 层, is and pellets 粒径, made methods versus high degree for 称, low density unstable structure 层. from material property upper 说, its surface can high, function strong/high, difficult uniform dispersion. especially is material methods made nano pellets, machine can very easy is surface can, make pellets generate poly.

         nano pellets inner in features main/primary performance in lower several 方面: reaction active property increase large, high catalytic property can, melting point reduce, electrical retardant increase large, magnetic property reinforcement, light absorption property can strong/high, light property can strong/high, light electrical property can excellent 良, hardness and can property heavy, and high ratio hot, high hot property and high expand dispersion property and other property can.

        二, commonly used nano material

         from upper 讲任何材 material can formed is nano material, industry nano material more has chemical combined formed method is 主, use material method currently has 石墨烯.

        （一） nano machine filling material

        1, nano viscous 土

         viscous is type silicon acid salt material 总称, specific 包括蒙脱土(MMT), rod viscous 土(TA), 伊利石, 海泡石, water and 蛋白石 and other, its in 以蒙脱土 most is commonly used.

        （1）蒙脱土（MMT）

        蒙脱土 is types 天然矿 material material, its main/primary formed separation is SiO2 (content 72%), (Al2O3 content 14%), can used for plastics retardant modified. 蒙脱土 tool has hydrophilic water hydrophobic property can, and large more resin versus property comparison 差, need and resin formed good composite/compounding material, need for its hydrophobic water hydrophilic modified 处理, improve/increase and resin versus property. utilizing 蒙脱土 良 good property can can long has machine combined material 层插, large degree improve/increase and type resin versus property, manufacturing multiple nano plastics filling material, meanwhile improvement composite/compounding material tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strong/high degree, this positive is currently nano material research focus/key point. currently, already formed development 出如PA6/蒙脱土, PET/蒙脱土, PMMA/蒙脱土, PI/蒙脱土, EP/蒙脱土, PS/蒙脱土 and other composite/compounding material.

        （2）凹凸 rod viscous 土（AT or ATP）

        凹凸 rod viscous is nano viscous 土 一 product types, is types water combined aluminum silicon acid salt non metal material. rod water 晶链层状 structure, and 蒙脱土 层状 structure obvious different, rod is types fiber 状晶体形态 structure water aluminum silicon acid salt 矿, type separation is Si8Mg5O20[Al](OH)2(OH2)4.4H2O. due to nano grade rod very easy poly 集, therefore rod and polymer mixed combined can is micron grade mixed combined, to increase amount filling function. rod surface a large amount of silicon and non property polymer versus property 差, filling front need surface treatment. currently rod in plastics in application main/primary in in PET and PA nucleating agent and thermal insulation material.

        （3）伊利石

        伊利石 is types aluminum silicon acid salt 云母族 viscous material, also is “ water 白云母”, its chemical structure is KAl2[(Al,Si)Si3O10](OH)2.nH2O. 伊利石 formed comparison complex, its specific formed in scope/range inner 变化, its application to 一定限 made.

        伊利石 powder as is sheet/slice reinforcement filling material has increase amount and modified di heavy 效果. in PVC in filling is 例, add amount in 3份 left right 时, tensile strength, impact strong/high degree to most large value, flexural strength, flexural modulus and heat deflection temperature (HDT) in 10份以 front slow increase. 伊利石 in reinforcement toughened meanwhile, can improvement plastics dimensional stability, creep resistance, gas retardant property, insulation property and anti warpage property.

        （4）海泡石

        海泡石 is water silicon acid salt, tool has and fiber structure, belongs to 2: 1层链 structure viscous 土. structure is (Si12)(Mg8)O30(OH)4(OH2)4.8H2O, silicon oxygen 四面体 and oxygen 八面体组 formed. 海泡石 as is reinforcement filling material has increase amount and modified di heavy 效果, this 一点同伊利石 versus 似. in PVC in filling is 例, add amount in 3份 left right 时, tensile strength, impact strong/high degree to most large value, flexural strength decline, flexural modulus and heat deflection temperature (HDT) in 10份以 front slow increase, especially is flexural modulus increase relatively fast.

        （5）蛋白石

        蛋白石 also is 蛋白土, is types water non crystallization or active property oxidation silicon, its chemical formed is SiO2nH2O. 蛋白石 appearance is 致密 玻璃状 block 状体, color has white, color and color more 孔状, versus for density 2.07, belongs to comparison light machine filling material.

        蛋白石 in polyethylene (PE) in filling tool has obvious rigid tough modified function, titanium acid ester coupling agent 处理 3000目蛋白石 in HDPE in add 入30%, tensile strength basic unchanged, impact strong/high degree improve/increase 160%. add 入ABS in can obvious improvement impact strong/high degree.

        2, nano oxidation zinc

         nano oxidation zinc (ZnO)粒径介于1-100nm between, is types toward 21世纪 new type high function fine machine product, performance many property non property, light property, pressure electrical property, absorption and dispersion outer can force and other, utilizing its in light, electrical, magnetic, and other 方面 奇妙 property can, can manufacturing gas 体传感 device, light 体, retardant device, 图像记录材 material, pressure electrical material, pressure electrical retardant, high catalytic agent, magnetic property material and plastics film and other. nano oxidation zinc can use insulation thermally conductive material, and high price metal nitrogen material, carbon material composite/compounding use. nano oxidation zinc also is very good antimicrobial material, antimicrobial efficiency can to 98% above. nano oxidation zinc also is very good outer 线遮蔽材 material.

        3, 羟基磷灰石

        羟基磷灰石(HA)组 formed is acid hydrogen oxidation combined material, separation 子式Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. 羟基磷灰石 is 脊椎动 material and main/primary formed, 人 牙釉质 in 羟基磷灰石 content in 96% above. 羟基磷灰石 tool has excellent 良 生 material versus property, is 人体骨骼组织 main/primary formed separation, more used for 骨组织修复. in plastics used for production 仿骨材 material add amount 羟基磷灰石: can improve/increase composite/compounding material force property can, make and 人骨匹配; can improve/increase composite/compounding material and 人体 生理 versus property, and achieve has machine combined.

        4, gas 凝胶

         gas is types solid material 质形态, currently is world upper already density most small material 质, its solid versus for density can low to 0.003, has “ solid 体烟雾” 美称. gas is types new type light nano more property solid material, by is is currently most light 质, thermal insulation property most good solid new material, is transparent thermal insulation material. remove tool has excellent 秀 隔 thermal properties outer, also tool has 隔音, decrease property can, tool has its it thermal insulation material can ratio property can, used for optical device parts, ultra- grade electrical and other field/area. gas thermal insulation 包含三 types hot amount mechanism, hot 辐射, hot for and hot 传导, is types 适应面广泛 thermal insulation material.

        5, nano carbon acid 钙

         nano carbon acid belongs to light carbon acid 钙 一 types, is in production light carbon acid carbon process in through control carbon process conditions and add crystallization toward agent control to. different nano carbon acid applications different, and nano carbon acid can achieve strong/high 目, nano carbon acid can achieve toughened 目, 空芯球形 nano carbon acid can achieve light amount filling 目, sheet/slice nano carbon acid can improve/increase composite/compounding material retardant property, also can utilizing its high cover/cap force 代替部 separation titanium powder.

        6, nano oxidation silicon

         nano oxidation silicon is gas versus oxidation silicon, is its important high ultra- micro fine machine new material 之一, due to its very small, therefore ratio surface large, surface force strong/high, surface can large, chemical pure degree high, dispersion property can good and in hot retardant and electrical retardant and other 方面均 tool has excellent property can, its excellent stability property, strong/high property, increase property and property, in more and field/area inner tool features, has can function. in plastics in, 白炭黑 is types strong/high function 仅次于炭黑 filler, used for and plastics formed composite/compounding plastics, add amount is 3%~5%, can improve/increase composite/compounding plastics property can. especially is use 白炭黑 filling silicon 胶, is type reinforcement composite/compounding material. in PP/二 oxidation silicon composite/compounding system in, impact strong/high degree can to 3.7kJ/m2. use PP/二 oxidation silicon composite/compounding material micro foaming, impact strong/high degree can 达45.7kJ/m2.

        （二） nano carbon type material

        1, 石墨烯

        石墨烯 is carbon types new 同素异构体, to currently already development type carbon material different 同素异构体如 table/sheet 1 示.

        石墨烯(Graphene) is types carbon 原子构 formed mono sheet/slice structure new material. is types carbon 原子以sp2杂化轨道组 formed type 呈蜂巢晶格 平面 film, has carbon thick degree 二维材 material. machine 械剥离 method and oxidation also method production 石墨烯 is 由石墨 separation 离而. currently already development very multiple use is raw materials production 石墨烯 methods, main/primary has machine 械剥离 method, oxidation also method, chemical gas versus method, solvent agent method, solvent liquid method and other, large already 开始进行商业化 production.

        基于 it chemical structure, 石墨烯 tool has many material chemical property 质, high ratio surface 积, high conductive property, high thermally conductive property, high retardant property, high heat stabilized property, high magnetic property, high machine strong/high degree, light property excellent 良, easy 于修饰 and large production and other. currently made 约石墨烯 application most large bottle is dispersion property, is improve/increase its in polymer in dispersion property, using/adopting lower methods: mixed combined add, sheet/slice 状/球状 composite/compounding mixed combined dispersion; surface treatment (surface grafting 处理, surface and other 离子体处理, surface active property agent 处理, surface silicon coupling agent 处理);添 add compatibilizer, add acid and other function can 团介质 polymer material, can has improve/increase and resin versus property.

         currently made 约石墨烯 development 两 痛点: is dispersion issues, currently is in liquid in dispersion issues basic solution, in solid in 进展缓 slow, is to front 述 实验室报道;另一 is price issues, currently 石墨烯 price very high, application in plastics modified in difficult 以承受.

        2, carbon nano tube/pipe

         carbon nano tube/pipe 英文名称 is Carbon nantube, is CNTs, it is in conditions lower a large amount of carbon poly in 一起形 formed 同轴空心 tube/pipe structure material, toward dimensions is nano grade, toward dimensions is micron grade. although carbon nano tube/pipe belongs to carbon material in 同素异构体 formed 员, due to its as is types 由六边形 structure 完美连接 一维 amount material, tool has separation excellent force 学, electrical and chemical property can. structure different, can will carbon nano tube/pipe separation formed mono and more large type, currently application mono carbon nano tube/pipe is 主.

         carbon nano tube/pipe is black powder 末, versus for density 2.1, melting point 3652-3687℃, its key features lower:

        （1） high strength

         carbon nano tube/pipe is types 理想 一维模 type material, large long ratio make its tool has similar carbon fiber property can, high strength, high modulus. its weight is 钢 1/6, strong/high degree is 钢 100倍, ratio strong/high degree is 钢 600倍, specific table/sheet 2 示.

        （2） high conductive property can

         carbon nano tube/pipe upper carbon P electronics formed large scope/range 离域π键, due to 共轭效应 significantly, carbon nano tube/pipe tool has very good electrical property can, its volume resistivity is 0.09Ω.cm. forecast its conductive property can 取决于 its tube/pipe and tube/pipe 壁 螺旋角. 当CNTs tube/pipe large 于6nm时, conductive property can decline;当 tube/pipe small 于6nm时, CNTs can by formed tool has good conductive property can amount 子导线. has 报道说Huang through 计算认 is is 0.7nm carbon nano tube/pipe tool has ultra- 导 property, tube/pipe its ultra- 导转变 temperature degree has 1.5×10-4K, is carbon nano tube/pipe in ultra- 导 field/area application outlook/prospects.

        （3） high thermally conductive

         carbon nano tube/pipe tool has good thermal properties, CNTs tool has non large long ratio, its long degree direction hot property can very high, versus for its direction hot property can relatively low, through combined orientation, carbon nano tube/pipe can combined formed high toward property hot 传导材 material. another, carbon nano tube/pipe has relatively high hot rate, need in composite/compounding material in micro amount carbon nano tube/pipe,该 composite/compounding material hot rate will can can to very large improvement carbon nano tube/pipe conductive and thermal properties specific table/sheet 3 示.

        （4） other property can

         carbon nano tube/pipe also tool has optical and hydrogen and other other good property can, positive is this excellent property make carbon nano tube/pipe by is is polymer composite/compounding material reinforcement material, especially is in hydrogen material battery automotive in application can large.

         carbon nano development more year, and polymer dispersion property has solution, application 一直不广泛. in recent years, carbon nano tube/pipe dispersion property issues to solution, add processing large degree decline to 每公斤百元 grade 别, make its application 如井喷式 breakthrough. 例如, using/adopting solvent liquid blending ultra- 声波 dispersion method in PMMA in add 入4% carbon nano tube/pipe (use PVDF surface modified), electrical rate is 0.01S/cm, tensile strength is 80MPa, impact strong/high degree is 24.2kJ/m2.

        三, nano metal material

         in recent years, development 出先进 nano 银, nano copper fiber, used for flexible transparent conductive polymer/macromolecule film manufacturing, formed is OLED in can less positive material.

        1, nano 银线

         nano is types in nano scope/range (generally in 20-100 nano between), long degree has made metal 银一维 fiber. nano tool has small, ratio surface large, good chemical property can and property can, conductive property can, antimicrobial property can and versus property, specific table/sheet 4 示. nano production methods has: sheet/plate 辅助, more alcohol, light 波辐射, soft chemical solvent agent hot and other, more alcohol method due to as simple, production efficiency high, cost low formed is currently production methods, disadvantages is product concentrated degree low. nano can production transparent soft/flexible plastics conductive film, specific structure is is PET film, coating is nano dispersion liquid, table/sheet is acrylic coating. is 支撑层, in coating is transparent conductive 层, 保护层 is 保护银不 by oxidation reduce conductive property can, main/primary substitute/replace ITO and metal transparent conductive film.

        2, nano copper 线

         dimensions is 直径150±50nm, long degree 10μm. tool has high conductive property can, drop low friction, transparent add, wear resistant loss and other property can, used for transparent 触摸屏 film, conductive and anti-static coating material, bonding agent and ink, lubricated polymer reinforcement composite/compounding material.

        结语

        随 材 material and material and other fast speed development, nano pellets add already formed is types plastics modified excellent methods, plastics development 之路任 heavy 道远, also 需业界同仁继续努 force, utilizing nano pellets add strong/high modified plastics property can, is plastics development more more new type application areas.