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3D printing technology in aerospace composite/compounding material material manufacturing in application
composite/compounding material demand will more fast speed degree growth, its high cost formed is made composite/compounding material application important bottle 颈. low cost composite/compounding material manufacturing technology is currently world upper composite/compounding material research field/area core issues. improve/increase composite/compounding material property can price ratio, remove in Raw Materials, assembly and and other 方面进行 research outer, more important is reduce composite/compounding material manufacturing cost.
3D printing
in recent years, 3D printing technology is manufacturing 业开辟 一 full new 思路, different 于传统 manufacturing decrease manufacturing and and other manufacturing, it through add material methods can fast speed molding complex product and achieve large degree utilizing Raw Materials. aerospace device cost high, has 效载荷 quality for cost effect/influence large, therefore has 效载荷 in structure design and material selection especially heavy structure efficiency. carbon fiber composite/compounding material tool has ratio strong/high degree high, ratio modulus large, heat stabilized property good, can design property strong/high and other features, excellent comprehensive property can positive is high property can, structure quality efficiency optimization aerospace product 需. currently, application in aerospace optical device carbon fiber composite/compounding material product covering device 各 部位, versus machine 镜筒, versus machine 支架, light 罩, and other. use resin ring oxygen resin and acid ester resin is 主, reinforcement material 以连续 carbon fiber is 主. according to specific product features and process features, according to product property can requirements and thick degree requirements will material 以一定 铺层顺序 and 铺层层数 in mold upper 叠放形 formed 坯体, again will 坯体放入 hot pressure or hot pressure machine in high temperature ring lower 进行数 small high temperature high pressure solid 化. aerospace device composite/compounding material and manufacturing process main/primary has below/following features: 1） is ensure product force property can, reinforcement using/adopting fiber; 2） resin ring oxygen resin and acid ester resin is hot solid property resin, need in solid temperature degree and pressure lower 进行数 small solid 化（发生 chemical crosslinked reaction ）以形 formed stability crosslinked polymer; 3）预浸 material 叠层坯体 internal dispersion, is 排出坯体 in gas and other small separation 子, for in add hot meanwhile add high pressure, improve/increase products property, ensure products force property can; 4） for/regarding complex structure product, is ensure its force property can, material design need more or more 部位进行连续铺层, thin add 筋镜筒需 ensure method ring and 镜筒筒体 连续, add strong/high and 镜筒筒体 连续 and other, more toward in need ensure 各端头周 toward 连续, 各端头 between 根部连续 and other. 3D printing technology 3D printing increase manufacturing, difference 于传统 decrease or and other processing manufacturing methods, it is using/adopting material 逐层累 add methods manufacturing parts. technology is in 现代CAD/CAM technology, light technology, machine technology, technology, precision 伺服驱动 technology and new material and material chemical technology upper formed development 起. its as principle is will material 理实体 计算 machine 三维模 type dispersion formed series 二维层 sheet/slice, utilizing precision or light hot 源, according to sheet/slice 信息, in 数字化 control lower, will molding material through material 理层叠 add solid 化, increase material formed 三维实体 product. in various 3D printing technology in, can 够进行 composite/compounding material 3D manufacturing main/primary has 选区激 light 烧结（SLS）, melt molding （FDM）, delamination manufacturing （l, LOM）以 and light technology （SL）. SLS manufacturing composite/compounding material main/primary methods is mixed combined powder method, 即基体 powder and reinforcement powder mixed combined, light design 图纸 截面形状 for 特定区域 powder 末进行 add hot, make melting point versus for relatively low powder melt 化, from 而 基体 and reinforcement bonding achieve separation composite/compounding. methods in issues is mixed combined powder in types material density different, easy 出现沉 drop make products formed separation non-uniform. through combined formed mono composite/compounding material powder 末进行 technology 改进, made composite/compounding material powder will can mixed combined powder easy drop, non-uniform and other issues from can made quality more high products. FDM process manufacturing composite/compounding material is will fiber and resin made formed filament 束, again will filament 束送入 nozzle, filament in nozzle hot melt 化并按 design 轨迹堆放 in upper formed 一层层材 material, and between through resin separation or full melt formed 连接. FDM technology use composite/compounding material filament must meet/satisfy separation, strong/high degree and low viscosity and other requirements, generally need in composite/compounding material in add property agent increase flow property. LOM technology and FDM similar, 需预先 made mono toward fiber / resin filament 束并排 made formed 无纬布即预浸 strip/profile belt/tape, strip/profile belt/tape 经传送 belt/tape 送至工 as 台, in machine control lower, light 沿三维模 type 每 截面 轮廓线切割预浸 strip/profile belt/tape, 逐层叠 add in 一起, formed product. utilizing SL manufacturing composite/compounding material, 首先需 will light polymer and reinforcement pellets or fiber mixed combined formed mixed combined solvent liquid, utilizing outer light fast speed 扫描存于 liquid in mixed combined liquid, make light polymer speed light polymerization reaction, from liquid is solid 态, rear as decline thin sheet/slice high degree, 进行第二层激 light solid 化, 如此反复, formed *终 product. SL manufacturing composite/compounding material in reinforcement pellets 发生沉淀导致 pellets distribution non-uniform, solvent liquid in foam solid rear generate, pellets make light absorption can amount low need more long time and other issues. composite/compounding material 3D printing technology 进展 thermoplastic property resin tool has add hot soft, cooling solid process features, easy achieve increase manufacturing, in 3D printing market thermoplastic property plastics is 主, 同样, in composite/compounding material 3D printing technology in, thermoplastic property resin is composite/compounding material versus for is main/primary research for 象, reinforcement material has short fiber and fiber. Germany, USA and other 3D printing company and 我国华曙 high and other separation made can used for SLS technology short fiber / thermoplastic property resin composite/compounding material powder achieve 商业化. USA MarkForged company 2014 year R&D carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic property composite/compounding material 3D printing equipment MarkOne, printing carbon fiber reinforced nylon composite/compounding material. printing machine tool has 两 喷头, 一 喷头输送 thermoplastic property resin （ nylon or poly acid ）, 一 喷头输送连续 预浸 carbon fiber filament or glass fiber filament, fiber filament coating has especially is printing machine development thermoplastic property resin, 两 喷头轮流工 as, use 基于FDM process 沿X/Y平面铺放 resin and filament 束, achieve fiber and resin composite/compounding, fiber can need orientation or in need 方铺放. currently, equipment can achieve X/Y direction fiber orientation, can achieve Z toward orientation. MarkOne can printing dimensions is 0.6m×0.4m×0.3m. USA Stratasys company and USA can 源部（DOE）橡树岭国家 experiment/testing combined as development amount carbon fiber composite/compounding material FDM manufacturing technology. combined as separation is 3 stage/phase, stage/phase research in FDM process in how to 放入碎 fiber and how to adjustment material various mechanical properties, 第二至第三 stage/phase research in in in upper construction start manufacturing carbon fiber composite/compounding material and 进一步 处理. 哈佛 large made suitable for 3D printing ring oxygen resin, achieve hot solid property resin 3D printing. is improvement resin viscosity, research 人员添 add nano viscous 土, 二甲基磷 acid ester, carbon silicon must and short carbon fiber, 以咪唑基离子做 solid agent, large resin printing 窗口, make resin in long 达数周 printing 窗口期 inner viscosity significantly increase. through control fiber long ratio and nozzle 直径, make filler in force and extrusion function lower orientation, achieve filler orientation control, obtain orientation fiber. printing good parts in relatively low temperature degree lower solid 化, rear from sheet/plate upper again 进行进一步 high temperature solid 化. aerospace use resin composite/compounding material 3D printing technology analysis currently composite/compounding material 3D printing technology short fiber / thermoplastic property composite/compounding material is 主, material and equipment achieve 商业化, hot solid property composite/compounding material in experiment/testing achieve short fiber reinforcement composite/compounding material 3D printing. combined aerospace device composite/compounding material product features, fiber reinforcement hot solid property composite/compounding material 3D printing technology in printing material, more 维连续 printing, solid function and other 方面亟待 breakthrough. 亟待 breakthrough 方面 1） development property printing material. composite/compounding material 3D printing process requirements printing material tool has viscosity, flow property, long as time, short molding time, therefore for has aerospace composite/compounding material material system 进行适应 property development, for material system 进行改进, provide meet/satisfy 3D printing technology and aerospace application requirements material. 2） breakthrough fiber more 维连续 printing. composite/compounding material 3D printing equipment breakthrough in more direction 连续堆积, 如设置五轴/六轴联动 printing through 转动平台 achieve more 维连续 printing, meet/satisfy aerospace complex structure product more 平面, more 部位 连续铺层 requirements. 3） achieve pressure function. hot solid property resin composite/compounding material in high temperature high pressure lower achieve resin solid and made parts 致密化, can in printing 一定层数 rear in equipment inner for 坯体进行预 pressure and add hot, improve/increase printing in process property, printing formed rear again will 坯体移至 solid equipment most solid 化. using/adopting low cost technology is reduce composite/compounding material product cost has 效途径之一, 3D printing technology through increase material achieve product manufacturing, can large degree 发挥材 material utilizing rate, reduce composite/compounding material production cost. 
in addition, for/regarding complex structure composite/compounding material product, 3D printing technology also can decrease small for 工装 依赖, shrink short processing time, meanwhile also can achieve overall molding, decrease/reduce assembly time, research 3D printing technology in aerospace composite/compounding material application tool has heavy large engineering 意义. for/regarding aerospace device use fiber reinforcement hot solid property resin composite/compounding material, 3D printing solution printing material, fiber more 维连续 printing, solid function and other issues.
