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PE wax material property, Model/Grade, types type features and in PVC in application 案例, precautions
一, PE wax material property, Model/Grade and types type features
1. material property parameters
- melting point: 90–140°C（ according to molecular weight and oxidation degree different ）;
- molecular weight: 500–5000 g/mol（ low molecular weight polyethylene (PE) ）;
- density: 0.90–0.96 g/cm³;
- viscosity （熔 melt 态）: low in and other, flow property good;
- acid value （ oxidation PE wax ）: 5–30 mg KOH/g（ oxidation rear acid 基团）;
- color: white or color pellets / powder 末.
2. Common Model/Grade and Brand
- Honeywell （Honeywell）: A-C series （如A-C 6, A-C 16）;
- Clariant （Clariant）: Licowax PE series （如Licowax PE 520）;
- BASF （BASF）: Luwax series （如Luwax OA）;
- Mitsui Chemicals: Hi-Wax series （如Hi-Wax 110P）.
3. types type features
type type | features | suitable 场景 |
non oxidation PE wax | 极 property low, and PVC versus property relatively 差, main/primary external lubricated function, decrease/reduce melt and equipment scratch. | hard 质PVC pipe/tube, type and other high processing 场景 |
oxidation PE wax | 含羧 acid 基团, property reinforcement, and PVC部 separation versus 容, tool inner outer lubricated property, dispersion property more good. | soft 质PVC film, transparent products |
low molecular weight type | melting point relatively low （90–110°C）, flow property strong/high, fast speed 迁移至 surface formed lubricated 层. | high speed extrusion or injection molding process |
polymer/macromolecule amount type | melting point relatively high （120–140°C）, resistant temperature property good, combined high temperature processing （如 foaming PVC）. | high temperature extrusion or foaming PVC sheet/plate 材 |
二, and evaluation PE wax property can, from material property parameters, function property can and application property 三 维 degree comprehensive analysis. below/following is specific evaluation indicators and methods:
1. core material property parameters evaluation
● melting point （Melting Point）
- function: PE wax in processing temperature degree lower melt and lubricated efficiency.
- testing methods: 差示扫描 amount hot method （DSC） or fine tube/pipe method （ASTM D87/D127）.
- application 意义:
- low melting point （90–110°C）: combined low temperature processing （如 soft 质PVC injection molding ）;
- high melting point （120–140°C）: suitable for high temperature extrusion or foaming PVC.
● viscosity （熔 melt viscosity ）
- function: 反映熔 melt flow property, effect/influence lubricated formed speed degree.
- testing methods: viscosity 计（ASTM D3236） or melt flow index 仪（ASTM D1238）.
- application 意义:
- low viscosity: fast speed 迁移至 surface, combined high speed extrusion;
- high viscosity: resistant 剪切, combined high processing （如 hard 质PVC pipe/tube ）.
● acid value （Acid Value）（针 for oxidation PE wax ）
- function: table/sheet oxidation degree, effect/influence and PVC versus property and inner outer lubricated balanced.
- testing methods: acid alkali method （ASTM D1386）.
- application 意义:
- acid value 5–15 mg KOH/g: low property, combined general purpose PVC products;
- acid value >15 mg KOH/g: high property, used for transparent or high filling PVC.
● molecular weight and distribution
- function: effect/influence resistant property and heat stabilized property.
- testing methods: 凝胶渗透 color 谱（GPC）.
- application 意义:
- low molecular weight （500–2000）: fast, short lubricated significantly;
- polymer/macromolecule amount （3000–5000）: resistant 析出, combined long lubricated.
● density and crystallization degree
- function: 间接反映 separation structure, effect/influence hardness and dispersion property.
- testing methods: density degree 柱（ASTM D1505）.
- application 意义:
- high density （>0.93 g/cm³）: crystallization degree high, hardness large, combined hard 质PVC;
- low density （<0.92 g/cm³）: flexibility property good, used for soft products.
2. function property can evaluation
● lubricated property （ internal / external lubricated balanced ）
- testing methods:
- 转矩流变仪: through processing 扭矩变化 assessment lubricated efficiency （如 hard 质PVC塑化 time shrink short 10% is 佳）;
- surface friction coefficient: through mold demolding force or products surface gloss degree 间接判断.
- application 意义: oxidation PE wax balanced inner outer lubricated, degree outer lubricated 导致塑化延迟.
● dispersion property
- testing methods:
- 显 micro 镜观察: filler （如 carbon acid 钙） in PVC in distribution uniform property;
- Color Difference analysis: material dispersion defect 会导致 Color Difference （ΔE<1 is excellent ）.
- application 意义: high acid value oxidation PE wax can improves material / filler dispersion property.
● heat stabilized property
- testing methods: hot heavy analysis （TGA） or more extrusion rear yellowing 指数（YI value ）.
- application 意义: polymer/macromolecule amount PE wax in high temperature （>180°C） lower more stability, decrease/reduce PVC separation understanding 风险.
● 迁移 property
- testing methods:
- accelerated aging test: will products in 60°C烘箱 in 放置72 small 时, surface is 否析出;
- 傅里叶红 outer light 谱（FTIR）: testing surface wax chemical 特征.
- application 意义: transparent PVC需 low property PE wax （如 polymer/macromolecule amount or oxidation type ）.
3. application property evaluation
● and PVC formulation versus property
- testing methods:
- blending material transparent degree: oxidation PE wax and PVC versus property more good, degree <5%（ASTM D1003）;
- DSC analysis: blending material 玻璃化转变 temperature degree （Tg） is 否偏移.
● processing process property
- key/critical parameters:
- processing temperature degree: PE wax melting point low 于PVC processing temperature degree 20–30°C（如PVC extrusion 180°C, PE wax melting point 应≤150°C）;
- 剪切 speed rate: high process （如 di screw extrusion ）需 low viscosity PE wax degree hot.
● environmental protection and regulations combined property
- testing requirements:
- FDA 21 CFR 178.3720: food contact grade PVC需 selection certification PE wax;
- RoHS/ REACH: testing heavy metal and has material 质残留.
4. property can evaluation process/workflow 示例
● 初步筛选: according to processing temperature degree selection melting point scope/range, hard 质/ soft 质PVC选定 oxidation or non oxidation type type.
● 实验室 testing :
- through 转矩流变仪 optimization add amount （ usually 0.1–0.8 phr）;
- testing melt flow rate （MFR） and surface gloss degree.
● in experiment/testing 证:
- 模拟 production conditions, demolding property, structure （ foaming PVC） or transparent degree;
- testing long heat stabilized property （如 more ring processing rear force property can rate ）.
● amount 产监控: 定期抽检 PE wax acid value, melting point and molecular weight distribution, ensure batch property.
三, in PVC plastics in processing application
1. core function
- external lubricated: decrease/reduce PVC melt and screw, mold scratch, anti mold sticking;
- internal lubricated （ oxidation PE wax ）: promote PVC pellets sliding, improvement uniform property;
- demolding property: improves products surface gloss, decrease/reduce 划痕;
- heat stabilized property 辅助: reduce 剪切生 hot, anti 止PVC separation understanding.
2. application comparison
PVC type type | PE wax add amount （phr） | recommendation PE wax type type | function focus/key point |
hard 质PVC | 0.1–0.5 | non oxidation type or low molecular weight PE wax | external lubricated is 主, anti melt 破裂 |
soft 质PVC | 0.05–0.2 | oxidation PE wax （兼 tool inner outer lubricated ） | balanced lubricated property, 避免析出 |
transparent PVC | 0.1–0.3 | high pure degree oxidation PE wax （ low property ） | decrease/reduce degree, maintain transparent degree |
foaming PVC | 0.2–0.8 | polymer/macromolecule amount PE wax （ high temperature resistance ） | stability structure, anti 止塌陷 |
四, 经典案例
1. PVC pipe/tube production （ hard 质PVC）
- issues: high speed extrusion melt viscous screw, surface coarse 糙.
- solutions: add 0.3 phr Honeywell A-C 6（ non oxidation PE wax ）, reduce 扭矩15%, surface light slip degree improves.
2. transparent PVC packaging film （ soft 质PVC）
- issues: film transparent degree 差, has 白斑.
- solutions: use Clariant Licowax PE 520（ oxidation PE wax ）, add amount 0.15 phr, 白斑消失, degree reduce 至5% below/following.
3. foaming PVC 垫
- issues: non-uniform, formed product easy deformation.
- solutions: add 0.5 phr BASF Luwax OA（ polymer/macromolecule amount PE wax ）, 泡孔直径 distribution standards shrink small 40%.
五, Common issues and solutions
issues phenomenon | can can causes | 改进 direction |
PVC surface 析出“白霜” | PE wax property high | 改 use polymer/macromolecule amount or oxidation PE wax, reduce add amount |
塑化 time long | external lubricated degree （ non oxidation PE wax amount ） | decrease/reduce PE wax use amount, or internal lubricant （如 hard acid ） |
products transparent degree decline | PE wax and PVC versus property 差 | 切换 is high acid value oxidation PE wax, or improve/increase processing temperature degree |
泡孔 structure non-uniform | PE wax resistant temperature property 不足 | selection polymer/macromolecule amount PE wax （ melting point >130°C） |
六, precautions
1. use amount control : amount （>1 phr）会导致 degree lubricated, delayed plasticization, reduce force property can （如 impact strong/high degree decline 20%+）.
2. and other lubricant 协同:
- and hard acid use 时, reduce PE wax use amount （避免 degree outer lubricated ）;
- and wax use can can 迁移析出, testing versus property.
3. processing temperature degree 匹配:
- non oxidation PE wax in 160–180°C时效果 most 佳;
- oxidation PE wax suitable temperature degree scope/range more 广（140–200°C）.
4. environmental protection requirements : food grade PVC products selection FDA certification Model/Grade （如 Honeywell A-C 6 符 combined FDA 21 CFR 178.3720）.
5. 储存: anti 潮密封保存, high temperature block （ oxidation PE wax wet property relatively strong/high ）.
summary
PE wax in PVC processing in through 精准选 type and use amount 调控, can significantly improvement processing efficiency and products quality, according to specific formulation and process parameters （如 extrusion speed degree, temperature degree ）动态 optimization.
