| thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) （简称TPU）, its excellent property can and application, already formed is important polyurethane ester material 之一. in recent years 约以10% speed degree year growth, 2000 year full 球TPU总 output/production volume is 14万~15万t. 我国2000 year TPU output/production volume is 0.4万t left right. due to polyurethane ester raw materials more alcohol and acid ester product types relatively more, different versus for separation quality and separation structure soft, hard combined, TPU types type and property can same. TPU兼 has plastics processing process property can and material mechanical properties, its wear resistant, oil resistant, low temperature resistance, resistant property can is excellent 良, make its application 广泛. 我国由沈 cationic chemical industry design year 产1000t TPU production in 辽宁省锦州天工实业 company already formed 功, will production, product property can testing already 达国际 water 平. 山东烟台华 large company and 天津尧舜 polyurethane ester products has company from outer TPU production plant/unit, currently 按各自 sales in positive 常运转. in recent years, due to raw materials production plant/unit and equipment a large amount of 引进, more make 我国TPU production development.
1． TPU combined formed
TPU combined formed methods can separation is method and poly method, due to reaction conditions different, polymer property can relatively large 差异. its in most methods is method use di screw extrusion machine production TPU. for/regarding method made TPU, basic upper is belongs to types 嵌段线 type polymer, basic reaction is: 2nOCN-R-NCO nHO-R'-OH nHO-R"-OH→∈CONH-R-NHCOO-R'-O-CONH-R-NHCOO-R"-On using/adopting di screw extrusion machine combined formed TPU, its process steps is raw materials 预备, amount 输送, mixed combined reaction, extrusion pelletizing 四 部 separation formed. process tool has raw materials ratio amount 精确, mixed combined uniform, reaction temperature degree and material material in machine inner time uniform and other features. process process/workflow in, for raw materials water separation control, amount degree, 输送, temperature degree distribution and pellet cutting technology can overlook [1]. according to need, through formulation adjustment, can design tool has combined property can indicators TPU product. TPU combined formed is system engineering, good elements, can meet/satisfy 效果. TPU combined formed process research toward, heavy in improvement its material mechanical properties and resistant thermal properties.
2．TPU application development
TPU due to property can excellent, deep 受人们 青眯, it application 几乎渗透 to industrial field/area, construction, automotive manufacturing, anti 震缓冲材 material, 铺装材 material, made and other field/area, but also also has very more in field/area has 待开拓.
2.1． in textile industrial upper application
TPU in textile upper application, main/primary is using/adopting melt method 纺氨纶, inner 也开展 this 方面 工 as [2~6]. currently, world upper production large separation is dry method is 主, USA DuPont company output/production volume world output/production volume semi above. using/adopting dry method filament production property can excellent 良, investment high （ year 产500 t factory investment 2 100 million yuan 人民币）, investment recycling long, production cost relatively high, and in ring issues, 危害人体健康. 而熔纺 method production tool has investment relatively less, cost low, for ring 境无污染 and other advantages, can utilizing has its it fiber equipment, 并无需 as large and more new equipment can production in and other quality 氨纶, tool has relatively good 经济效益. in field/area development and research has 报道, industrial property 氨纶试纺亦取 very good 效果. 熔纺氨纶 and dry method property can positive in shrink small. method will formed is main/primary production methods 之一. currently, 熔纺氨纶 elongation already dry method water 平, its tensile strength obvious high dry method 氨纶, due to dry method ratio 熔纺氨纶 has relatively good micro versus separation degree and hard stability property, 决定 熔纺氨纶 in elastic property rate upper in 差距. therefore, false chemical crosslinked rear, fiber elastic property can to obvious improvement. 熔纺氨纶 process large in method, method, method and method 四 方面 has 报道[2,3,7]. has use 熔纺一步 method, optimization formulation, in add additives lower, made fiber tensile strength 1.3 cN/dtex, fracture elongation 729.1%. deep new company using/adopting method made formed fiber tensile strength 1.6 cN/dtex, fracture elongation 600%, 300%定伸恢复 rate 97%. tube/pipe 如此, for method research, also very system and in-depth. for filament process in, micro versus separation structure formed mechanism, force and filament molding property can in-depth research, 会进一步完善熔纺 process, from manufacturing property can excellent 氨纶, this for/regarding 我国熔纺氨纶 industrial development will to very large promote function. new product types development field/area heavy in filament new product types upper, in resistant chlorine, hydrolysis resistant, heat resistant, resistant 潮, resistant 霉菌以 and flame retardant 方面. in processing 方面, can and nylon and other fiber 进行包复 or 包缠, its color property, machine strong/high degree and wear resistance excellent 良. use as filament, outer use filament 进行螺旋式包缠, can improve/increase true filament product 档次, increase filament product in market upper competition force. using/adopting pure and processing formed 包芯纱, 经 整染 processing rear, 布面经 toward tool has elastic property, development high elastic 牛仔布 and 灯芯绒也 deep 受消费者喜爱.
2.2． automotive 保险杠 注: TPU保险杠由沈 cationic chemical industry development manufacturing; PP-EPDM保险杠 is inner outer use has product.
TPU can used for automotive multiple parts, 如保险杠, table/sheet sheet/plate, decrease and other parts. automotive 保险杠 generally 由面层 and reinforcement formed. inner outer 保险杠 more is polypropylene (PP) （PP） and 乙丙橡胶（EPDM） blending material 材质. has patent 报道[8], use TPU made formed 保险杠, rear 经历 以40~80 km/h speed 进行 撞车 impact experiment/testing, and use 10 kg large 锤60余次 heavy 砸, 未发现 obvious 破裂, its safety property can very high, in in can reduce loss degree and 人员伤亡. 该保险杠 production cost relatively low, value development. TPU elastomer material and PP-EPDM blending material property can table/sheet 1. 我国即 will 进入WTO, automotive industry must has new color can 立于不败之. therefore development tool has safety property can high 保险杠, 应引起 has 关方面 注 heavy.
2.3． iron 轨枕垫 sheet/plate
inner outer iron use 轨枕垫 sheet/plate, its comprehensive property can 尚不足之处, use lifespan short, effect/influence 列车 提 speed and comprehensive 设施配 sleeve/set. patent 报道[10], in TPU in add filler made formed 轨枕垫 sheet/plate, property can excellent 于橡胶垫 sheet/plate, can relatively large degree absorption 行驶 列车 for and impact pressure, from in increase 列车牵引动 force, renovation 路基, decrease/reduce 停站点 情况 lower, make 列车达 to speed 目, speed degree can improve/increase to 250 km/h above. testing table/sheet 明, new type 轨枕垫 sheet/plate for iron 路通讯 指挥 system 无任何 dry 扰, its abrasion consumption indicators ratio 橡胶垫 sheet/plate low 10倍, use lifespan large is improve/increase, from decrease/reduce sheet/plate more 换次数, reduce more use, comprehensive property can excellent 良.
2.4．TPU in aviation upper application development
retardant used for retardant machine or slip 跑时发生意 outer 冲出跑道, ensure 飞行人员 and machine safety, heavy large 事故发生. outer machine retardant large more nylon weaving made formed. use TPU is raw materials using/adopting extrusion methods made formed retardant 网, tool has strong/high degree large, weight light, elastic property good, easy 霉烂, resistant 撕裂, low temperature resistance, oil resistant property can good and other excellent property can. in TPU raw materials in add light material made formed can upper light. its various property can excellent 于国际 upper use nylon weaving 网体. nylon weaving belt/tape, its tensile strength is 139.2 MPa, use TPU made formed belt/tape tensile strength is 186.3 MPa. 因而TPU can used for machine retardant 网. retardant can used as in high speed or 盘山公路危险 段 护拦. use TPU made formed machine thin 壁油箱, process simple, thin, weight light, use lifespan long. TPU also tool has relatively high resistant property, suitable for made as 宇宙飞行人员, X射线 and can as 人员 保护衣. aviation 事业不断 development, for machine technology demand versus increase, meanwhile for technology requirements more add 严格, using/adopting pressure shrink gas gas 由TPU made formed gas high technology, can meet/satisfy above requirements.
2.5． cable outer sleeve/set
used for and other cable, light 缆, cable, machine cable sleeve/set generally can use TPU processing formed, due to its volume resistivity ≥1012Ω·cm, meanwhile tool has hydrolysis resistant, weather resistant, wear resistant, resistant 曲挠, high hardness and other advantages, TPU manufacturing cable, electrical outer sleeve/set, not only electrical insulation property can good, but also for has very good property can, use safety, easy 引起意 outer 火灾事故.
2.6． in medical, 卫生方面 application development
TPU tool has good material versus property, resistant property and excellent physical properties, in and material field/area in use amount less, has important 位. TPU can use manufacturing 人工喉, 人造脑 housing/shell, 人造心脏瓣 film, tube/pipe, 人工肾, 人造皮, 人造尿道, false and other and medical use product liquid tube/pipe, liquid （尿） tube/pipe, bag and other. currently TPU in medical in development, positive toward material engineering, fine engineering and engineering and other 方面迅 speed development. currently world upper medical grade TPU use amount can 达1.5万t/a. 山西省 chemical industry research and 山西医学院 development polyurethane ester gas tube/pipe sleeve/set tube/pipe, ratio metal sleeve/set tube/pipe use 起 方便适应, soft/flexible, fracture, can decrease light 病人痛苦, defect reaction.
2.7． in and in application
full 国油田每 year need consumption 资数千元购买200 more parts easy loss parts, 如泥浆泵 active 塞, device, 凡尔胶皮, high pressure 密封圈 and other, in in, more 泥沙河流 in water force machine equipment, to abrasion loss and gas bad combined function, its loss bad speed degree versus 当惊人. in this field/area use very good, can a large amount of 资金. China 科学院 force research in this 方面做 a large amount of development as, its machine equipment combined TPU parts in application, 效果不错. use has metal and elastic property sheet/plate and other type. and metal versus ratio, 由TPU made formed PU elastic property sheet/plate small, separation quality high, use lifespan long, wear resistance is 钢 6~12倍. TPU excellent property can machine upper applications separation vast. 煤矿每 year 需1000 more parts high pressure 密封圈 and versus amount use electrical machine 联轴节, need wide 800~1100 mm, long 78 mm use flame retardant anti-static belt/tape 1700万m. 开采矿石 and conditions poor, tape very difficult meet/satisfy use requirements, TPU取代橡胶 made as use belt/tape is types development trend. its flame retardant, anti-static TPU运输 belt/tape also can used as its it industrial multiple belt/tape.
3．建议
（1）我国TPU combined formed process 尚 起步 stage/phase, and world 先进国家 versus ratio, also has 一定差距. TPU quality good bad also is melt filament need 害, therefore need add strong/high property research, process, excellent 选出适 combined 于熔纺 TPU design formulation, is melt method 纺氨纶 field/area 做出贡献.
（2）我国TPU positive development 时期, also has many new technology, new product need development, its in focus/key point is add strong/high TPU modified and application development, fast new market. TPU application areas versus 当广泛, upper in in application areas 举 数例 as 抛砖引玉. |
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