Shanghai Daoqin Plastics Co., Ltd.

第一节 injection molding parts molding in recent years in injection molding parts and 实践方面, also is in injection molding parts process and molding equipment 方面都 has relatively deep research and 进展. injection molding parts 时, 首先遇 to is injection molding parts can molding property, this is amount plastics can fast speed and easy molding combined quality requirements product. 并希望 can in meet/satisfy quality requirements front lower, most short injection molding parts cycle high efficiency production. different polymer/macromolecule material for its processing process conditions and equipment property very large, material property and process conditions will most effect/influence plastics products mechanical properties, therefore comprehensive understanding injection molding parts cycle inner as 程序, can molding property and molding process conditions and various factors versus function and effect/influence, for injection molding parts processing has important 意义. in for pressure effect/influence table/sheet 明: high poly material non features strong/high, need pressure low; crystallization type ratio non crystallization type high poly material products has more large shrinkage, in versus in ratio 容变化 relatively large. in for injection molding parts process in large separation orientation mechanism research polymer melt 受剪切 deformation 时, large separation random 卷曲状态 understanding 开, toward flow direction and has 规则 排列, if melt very fast cooling to versus temperature degree below/following, large separation has time and to it random 则卷曲 构象程 degree, this polymer need 处于冻结 orientation 状态, this type of orientation make injection molding parts products in di hot 传导以 and force property 质方面显示出各 toward property. due to 流变学 and polymer solid process causes, products orientation can can in direction advantages formed mono orientation, can can in direction upper advantages, formed di orientation. di orientation make products to comprehensive machine features, therefore in injection molding parts products in 总希望 to di orientation products. in 纡维抽 filament process in 却希望 to mono orientation. for/regarding orientation distribution experiment/testing table/sheet 明: orientation most large is in made parts surface 20% thick degree 处, orientation degree melt temperature degree and mold temperature decrease small increase, improve/increase injection pressure or long injection time increase products orientation degree. for polystyrene (PS) Sample table/sheet 明: tensile strength in orientation direction upper orientation degree increase improve/increase, in direction upper decline. for polyoxymethylene (POM) table/sheet 明: injection time add long make 渡晶区 thick degree increase, injection pressure improve/increase make products fracture long add large. testing table/sheet 明: injection molding parts residual stress and for products quality has important effect/influence, generally injection molding parts products has types 残余应 deformation 式; A伴随 hot force generate 应变, B and separation 子冻结 orientation related 残余应变, C形体应变, for generally plastics injection pressure increase increase products in residual stress, for ABS不十 separation obvious. for/regarding made parts tensile features distribution research table/sheet 明: generally polymer density increase improve/increase tensile strength, fracture elongation and hardness, make impact strong/high degree reduce. viscous elastic property: injection molding parts process in in gate due to high speed rate and 运动学 unstable property, can can generate large viscous elastic 效应, in front 缘附近 polymer melt to toward tensile, this type of deformation type can is 喷泉效应, for thin mold cavity high elastic property polymer melt flow front 缘, in mold cavity thick degree, wide degree 发生阶梯变化 方, and gate 附近应该 heavy viscous elastic 效应. upper 述, how to can this application to production in, improvement process process in control decrease/reduce material, amount, to shrink short cycle and decrease/reduce waste product 目. 第二节 commonly used plastics 一述. plastics it can is pure resin, can is add has various additives mixed combined material, resin adhesion agent function. add add material is use improvement pure resin material mechanical properties, improvement processing properties or is resin. therefore, plastics most basic material chemical property is resin property 质 决定. resin can separation resin and resin, rear also combined formed resin. resin high poly material, this high poly material has separation internal structure and separation external structure. polymer/macromolecule internal structure high poly material most basic material chemical property 质; polymer/macromolecule external structure 则决定 high poly material processing properties and material mechanical properties. polymer between in solid rear structure can separation non crystallization type （无定 type ）, semi crystallization type and crystallization type. therefore plastics has type and crystallization type separation. crystallization type plastics in solid 时, has to 晶粒 生 formed process, formed 一定 体态. 如PE, PP, PA, POM, and other crystallization type. type plastics in solid 时, has and 晶粒 生 long process is large separation 子链 “冻结”如PS, PVC, PMMA, PC and other. also its plastics for hot function 反映, can separation thermoplastic property plastics and hot solid property plastics type: thermoplastic property plastics features is add hot can soft 化, cooling also heavy solid 态. this can process, can more 次. 如: PS, PVC, PA, PP, POM and other; hot solid property plastics features is in certain temperature degree lower can formed can property melt, if improve/increase temperature degree, long add hot time polymer/macromolecule internal will generate crosslinked function solid 化. again can use add hot methods make its soft to 原始状态, can processing. 如: ring oxygen, 呋喃, 氨基, aldehyde and other. commonly used plastics （1） polyolefin, polyolefin is high poly material 总称, generally is ethylene, propylene, homopolymer and copolymer. main/primary product types has: low density polyethylene (PE) （LDPE）,线 type low density polyethylene (PE) （LLDPE）, in density polyethylene (PE) （MDPE）, high density polyethylene (PE) （HDPE）, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (PE) （UHMPE）, chlorine polyethylene (PE) （CPE）; ethylene - propylene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) （EVA）; polypropylene (PP) （PP）, chlorine polypropylene (PP) （PPC）, reinforcement polypropylene (PP) （RPP） poly 丁烯（PB） and other. （2） chlorine ethylene （PVC） injection molding parts use polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is polymerization product, its pellets has type and hydrophobic type. polyvinyl chloride (PVC) modified product types has: chlorine polyvinyl chloride (PVC) （CPVC）, chlorine ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), chlorine ethylene -偏 chlorine ethylene copolymer （PVDC）, chlorine ethylene -乙丙橡胶 grafting copolymer, resistant 寒PVC即 chlorine ethylene and acid copolymer. injection molding parts use PVC has type: types is wet mixed pelletizing, various additives ． stabilizer ． processing additives ． lubricant ． impact modifier ． composite/compounding stabilizer and other mixed combined rear extrusion pelletizing. types is dry mixed material pelletizing powder polyvinyl chloride (PVC). styrene resin. styrene resin is styrene homopolymer and copolymer resin 总称. in recent years is improvement its property and heat resistant temperature degree low disadvantages, using/adopting and and other blending and grafting methods development series modified product types. and acrylonitrile, butadiene, a-甲基 styrene, methacrylic acid 甲脂, acid and other binary copolymer can improvement heat resistant property and property; and acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer ABS is impact tough property and processing properties very good engineering plastics. currently styrene plastics has general purpose grade, foaming grade, impact grade and AS, ABS and other, AS has general purpose grade AS（I） and heat resistant grade AS（II）. （4） acrylic type, acrylic type plastics usually poly methacrylic acid 甲脂（PMMA）俗称 has machine 玻璃, and fiber polymer acrylonitrile. this is from acrylic high poly material. injection molding parts grade PMMA use polymerization made formed, has general purpose grade heat resistant grade and high flow grade. （5）酰 amine resin poly. amine resin poly also nylon （PA） is engineering plastics product types 之一, used as fiber 时称绵纶. has PA6, PA610, PA612, PA66, PA1010以 and high carbon nylon, PA66 and elastic property grafting blending super tough property PA, also has polyamide (PA) and other. （6）线 property poly type. in polymer in has or ether 链, 而无支链 and crosslinked structure resin is property poly or property polyether. Domestic has: polycarbonate (PC) di 酚A type （PC）, modified polycarbonate (PC), terephthalic acid 乙二脂（涤纶, PET） terephthalic acid 丁二脂（PBT） poly 芳脂（ di 酚A type ）, polyoxymethylene (POM) （POM） and other. PC is types type thermoplastic property polymer, pure PC虽 has good comprehensive property can, easy force cracking, wear resistance and flow property defect, currently more using/adopting PE, ABS, PS, PMMA, and 之进行 blending 以克服 upper defect. PET large as fiber less used for film, injection molding parts molding use more is glass fiber reinforcement （FRPET）, PBT and PET都 crystallization type thermoplastic property type poly 脂. poly 芳脂（ di 酚A type ）, this is and PC versus 似 无定 type engineering plastics polyoxymethylene (POM) （POM） has homopolymer and copolymer types, is crystallization type polymer. homopolymer ratio copolymer POM heat stabilized property processing temperature degree scope/range narrow. in addition also has 含油POM this is in POM inner add liquid lubricated and hard acid salt type surface active property agent copolymer. 含油POM friction coefficient small, material material easy therefore commonly used material injection molding parts machine production. （7） fluorine plastics. fluorine plastics product types has: poly ethylene （PTFE）, poly ethylene and fluorine acrylic copolymer （FEP）, fluorine ethylene （PCTFE）, poly fluorine ethylene （PVDF） poly fluorine ethylene （PVF） and other. PCTFE from separation structure upper and PTFE main/primary difference in has chlorine 原子存 in, from bad PTFE for property, reduce large separation 子链堆砌, make its increase property. PCTFE for hot relatively 敏感, easy high temperature lower separation understanding. poly fluorine ethylene （PVDF）, is types white powder 末状, crystallization type thermoplastic property resin. （8） fiber plastics, fiber plastics is 指由天然 fiber and machine or has machine acid function generate fiber resin again add upper increase agent made formed. fiber is most semi combined molding thermoplastic property plastics, commonly used has acid fiber acid fiber 素, acid acid fiber 素, used for injection molding parts acid fiber is 主. （9） high temperature resistance type resin, this category of has polysulfone (PSU), poly 芳砜, polyphenylene oxide (PPO) 砜, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polyimide (PI). this category of polymer due to in separation 子主链 upper has 亚芳基 or ring structure, therefore tool has high temperature resistance, resistant can force, has very high strong/high degree and dimensional stability. polysulfone (PSU) （PSF）, di 酚A polysulfone (PSU) property thermoplastic property polymer, although has positive structure, still is type structure 形态. polysulfone (PSU) viscosity relatively large but also for temperature degree property need ratio for speed rate large. this positive and polyethylene (PE) versus and poly carbon ester type versus 近. in injection molding parts in, 当剪切 speed rate low 时, temperature degree for its 膨胀效应 effect/influence obvious. polyphenylene oxide (PPO) 砜（PES）, in its separation structure in has aliphatic 基团, therefore for heat resistant property and resistant oxygen property relatively good. can in 180~200 degree scope/range inner long use, melt temperature degree 50~350 degree. polyphenylene oxide (PPO) （PPO）, PPO and other many thermoplastic property plastics different; melt property can 接近牛顿 type 流体, viscosity for speed rate has obvious property. used for injection molding parts also has modified polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and chlorine polyether. polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) （PPS, 雷腾）, is types new type engineering plastics it tool has excellent comprehensive property can, is currently as and bearings most good material. PSS原 powder melt rear flow property very large, processing difficult therefore must crosslinked 预处理, high flow property. injection molding parts use has powder material and can material types. PSS injection molding parts and HDPE十 separation versus different is PSS requirements molding temperature degree high: in 此343 degree its flow property versus 当于HDPE flow. 三 理 commonly used filler injection molding parts material commonly used filler has generally filler, metal filler, has machine filler, short fiber filler and long fiber filler. add this filler can reduce injection molding parts products cost, improve/increase 经济效益 can improvement material mechanical properties, chemical property can and light electrical property can; can improvement processing properties, property can, reduce viscosity, improve/increase dispersion function. generally filler has 石灰石, carbon acid 钙, slip powder, silicon acid 钙, 云母, hydrogen oxidation aluminum, acid 钙, and product and other. has machine filler is currently plastics products in main/primary filler, has 天然材 material and combined formed material, 包括: 木材, powder, housing/shell 皮, fiber and other; combined formed material has recycled fiber 素, 包括: 人造织 material, polypropylene (PP) fiber, nylon fiber, polyester fiber and other. add to injection molding parts material in filler, need use surface modifier 进行处理, process interface chemical 理论, filler and polymer surface wet lubricating acid alkali versus function 理论, and mixed combined 理论赋予材 material excellent property 质. currently commonly used surface modifier has silicon coupling agent, titanium acid ester coupling agent, has machine silicon agent and other. this surface modifier add upper rear, can 进一步 improve/increase filler can. 第二章 plastics physical properties 第一节 plastics physical properties material material property can and injection molding parts conditions and products quality has 密切关系. injection molding parts material large separation is pellets 状, this solid material material material 斗时, generally need preheating, troubleshooting wet gas, rear again screw pressure shrink and function, in material in need relatively long hot 历程才 by screw mold cavity, pressure maintain stage/phase again cooling type. effect/influence this process main/primary factors is material material, temperature degree, material temperature degree, pressure, speed degree. polymer/macromolecule material material processing process property can, separation internal structure, molecular weight large small and its distribution, but also also polymer/macromolecule external structure. injection molding parts process property and polymer/macromolecule material versus for density, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, 玻璃化 and crystallization temperature degree, 熔化, separation understanding temperature degree and processing in performance force property can, property can and other has 密切关系. 一, generally physical properties 1总 hot amount hot amount is injection molding parts material material in injection molding parts process temperature degree lower hot amount. 2 熔化 hot hot also 称熔化潜 hot, is crystallization type polymer in formed or 熔化晶体时 need can amount. this separation can amount is use polymer/macromolecule crystallization structure, therefore injection molding parts crystallization type polymer need ratio injection molding parts non crystallization type material to 指定熔化 temperature degree lower can amount need more. for/regarding non crystallization type polymer 无需熔化潜 hot. make POM达 to injection molding parts temperature degree hot 约452/g(100.8cal/g),PS need 375J/g即 can 熔化. 3 specific heat capacity specific heat capacity is mono weight material material temperature degree upper rise 1 degree 时 需 hot amount [J/kg.k]. different high poly material specific heat capacity is different, crystallization type ratio non for type need high. is add hot polymer 时, hot can not only need consumption in temperature degree rise upper, also need consumption in make polymer/macromolecule structure upper, crystallization type must 补充熔化潜 hot hot 泪盈眶 amount can make material material 熔化. injection molding parts process in, plastics add hot or cooling features is polymer hot content and temperature 差 决定. hot speed rate positive ratio by add hot material and hot between temperature 差. generally cooling need ratio fast, is large upper material and material material temperature small, material and injection molding parts mold temperature large. add hot time 取决于 material inner and material between temperature and material thick degree. 4 hot expand dispersion hot expand dispersion is temperature degree in add hot material material in speed degree, also thermal conductivity its value is mono quality material material temperature degree rise high 1 degree 时 需 hot amount （ specific heat capacity ） and material absorption hot amount speed degree （ thermal conductivity ） 决定. pressure for hot expand dispersion effect/influence small, temperature degree for its effect/influence relatively large. 5 thermal conductivity thermal conductivity 反映 材 material hot amount speed degree. thermal conductivity high, material inner hot 传递愈 fast. due to polymer thermal conductivity very low, therefore in material in add hot also is its melt in injection molding parts mold in cooling, 均需花一定 time. is improve/increase add hot and cooling efficiency, 需采取一 technology measures. 如: add hot material requirements has thick degree, this not only is strong/high degree, meanwhile is is increase hot property, ensure material material can good stability hot, has also utilizing polymer low thermally conductive features, using/adopting hot runner injection molding parts mold and other. polymer thermal conductivity temperature degree rise high increase. crystallization type plastics thermal conductivity for temperature degree property need ratio non crystallization type significantly. 6 density and ratio density increase make products in gas and solvent agent rate decrease/reduce, is make products tensile strength, fracture long, rigid degree hardness and soft temperature degree improve/increase; make pressure shrink property, impact strong/high degree, flow property, creep resistance can reduce. in injection molding parts process in, polymer cooling — add hot — cooling hot process temperature degree, degree and polymer 形态 变化都 very large, therefore density in 不断 发生变化, this for injection molding parts products quality important effect/influence. ratio 容反映 mono material 质 占 has 体积. this is 一 衡 amount in different process conditions lower polymer/macromolecule structure has 空间, various lower and pressure shrink, products dimensions shrinkage and other is non important parameters. 7 膨胀系数 and pressure shrink ratio in pressure lower temperature degree 而引起 变化, is 膨胀系数. polymer from high temperature to low temperature performance ratio 容逐渐 decrease/reduce shrinkage features. polymer ratio not only 取决于 temperature degree but also 取决于 pressure. polymer ratio in different temperature degree lower pressure 而变化, pressure increase high ratio decrease small density add large. this type of property for/regarding use pressure control products quality and dimensions degree has important 意义. polymer hot physical properties 1玻璃化 temperature degree polymer 玻璃化 temperature degree is type non crystallization type polymer 由玻璃态 toward high elastic or rear toward front relatively temperature degree. is large separation 子链段本身开始 deformation temperature degree temperature degree high 于玻璃化 temperature degree 时, large separation 子链开始自由 active 动, also is separation 子链段 运动. this performance high elastic property property can; low 于玻璃化 temperature degree 时, by 冻结变 formed hard solid or 玻璃态. 橡胶 玻璃化 temperature degree low room temperature. therefore in normal temperature lower high elastic 态. its it plastics in normal temperature lower is 处于脆 tough property 玻璃态. high poly material 自由体积理论认 is, high poly material separation structure has 整 体积 separation formed separation. separation is separation 子链 占 has 空间, 而另一部 separation is separation between 自由空间. temperature degree reduce separation 子链动 can decrease/reduce, 自由空间 decrease/reduce, temperature degree rise high 时, separation 子链段动 can increase, 自由空间也 increase: temperature degree to 玻璃化时, generate inner poly force, polymer 膨胀, 链段开始旋转, 链段拥 has can amount make active therefore 自由空间 体积突然 increase. high poly material in 玻璃化 temperature degree above 总自由体积 and other 于玻璃化 temperature degree lower 自由体积 and thermal expansion coefficient temperature rise and. in 预塑化时, 位于螺槽 in polymer/macromolecule solid material material, in rise 至玻璃化 temperature degree rear, temperature degree rise high material material 自由体积会 increase, its ratio 容也会 add large, due to 螺槽容积 限 made make material material generate inner pressure, has accelerated solid function. high poly material material 理形态发生变化时, many material property specific heat capacity, ratio 容, density, thermal conductivity, 膨胀系数, light 指数, dielectric constant and other 都跟 变化, therefore utilizing this can polymer versus temperature degree and high poly material property 质. for/regarding understanding plastics in material in add hot, plastics process in from add material toward pressure shrink material 态转变, temperature rise, temperature rise speed rate, screw speed, back pressure and other process factors effect/influence will important function. this for/regarding control products demolding material property 状态, ejection temperature degree and ejection time is important. 2 熔化 temperature degree （ melting point ）熔化 temperature degree is crystallization type polymer from polymer/macromolecule structure has 序态转变 is viscous 流态时 temperature degree. 转变点（ melting point ） for/regarding low separation material 说, process is non narrow, has relatively obvious melting point; for/regarding crystallization type high poly material 说, from to 玻璃化 temperature degree 就开始 soft 化, from high elastic 态转变 is viscous liquid versus 时却没 has obvious melting point, is has toward viscous 流态转变 temperature degree scope/range. for high poly material 说, 玻璃化 temperature degree, temperature degree or temperature degree scope/range is versus 点. has relatively obvious scope/range, from separation structure 观点看, is large 链段运动 结果. generally has increase agent polymer melting point need ratio increase agent need low, copolymer melting point need ratio formed copolymer in relatively high homopolymer melting point need low. injection molding parts 时, material 筒 第三段 temperature degree （靠近嘴 temperature temperature degree ）都 need setting in melting point above, rear reduce 15~20 degree temperature degree degree setting 第二段 and 第一段 material temperature degree is 宜. 3 separation understanding temperature degree and features hot separation understanding temperature degree is in oxygen gas in conditions lower, high poly material hot rear separation understanding temperature degree scope/range. polymer chemical structure different has significantly 差异, in addition also and material material has 关. in injection molding parts process in, is in stage/phase also is in injection stage/phase, need polymer local temperature degree to separation understanding temperature degree, polymer/macromolecule material material 就会讯 speed formed low molecular weight can property material 质. polymer hot separation understanding in oxygen gas conditions lower is hot reaction, generate hot 会继续 add hot polymer. polymer to 燃点时就会燃烧, system temperature degree is upper rise, generate hot is and system for 流, and hot separation understanding temperature degree, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity and other physical properties has 密切关系. injection molding parts 时, for polymer separation understanding temperature degree control is separation important, separation understanding 出燃烧 material not only effect/influence products quality, also 会腐蚀 equipment, 危害人体. polymer degradation and heat stabilized property degradation, is understanding separation understanding function, in polymer/macromolecule chemical in, usually is in chemical or material function lower, polymer separation polymerization degree reduce process, polymer in hot, force, oxygen gas, water and light and other function lower 往往发生 degradation. degradation process quality large separation 子链发生 structure 变化. 如发生 elastic property 消失, strong/high degree reduce, viscosity decrease/reduce or increase and other phenomenon. in injection molding parts in force, water, oxygen through temperature degree for poly degradation important effect/influence, in high temperature oxygen and water more can make polymer separation understanding. force function high temperature polymer viscosity reduce decrease small. thermal degradation is certain polymer in high temperature lower time long, yellowing color, degradation, separation understanding and other phenomenon. polymer is easy degradation, its separation internal and separation external structure has 关; is has separation understanding has 关; can high poly material degradation 杂质, generally is thermal degradation agent, 如: PVC separation understanding material is chlorine hydrogen, POM separation understanding material is aldehyde, it has add high poly material degradation function. heat stabilized property is polymer in high temperature lower separation resistant chemical separation understanding can force and chemical resistant temperature degree thermal degradation temperature degree is stability property temperature degree high separation understanding temperature degree. for/regarding certain heat stabilized relatively polymer, its temperature degree scope/range has 5~15 degree. temperature degree high low and scope/range for polymer degradation has effect/influence outer, also has in temperature degree in 经历 反复 processing has 关. different polymer in processing rear thermal degradation and melt MFI has relatively large 差异. in positive normal temperature degree lower PS, PC, PP,经数次 processing rear melt MFI rise high toward. 而PE, impact resistant PS醋 acid fiber and other has decline phenomenon. polymer in 剪切应 force function lower large separation in outer force function lower, force direction upper flow, separation between understanding 脱, understanding 脱发生障碍时, separation will to very large force, ultra- 链 strong/high degree 就发生链 fracture. 实验证明: 剪切应 force.剪切 speed rate high, molecular weight degradation speed degree fast, fracture short; improve/increase add hot temperature degree or increase agent content 时, force degradation function decrease small. injection molding parts in certain plastics hydrolysis function is 经常发生, hydrolysis function is due to in polymer in in has can hydrolysis chemical 基团. 如: amine, ester, and other, or in oxidation function lower formed can by hydrolysis 基团. if this in separation 子 主链 upper, hydrolysis function make 主链断链而 degradation. due to certain polymer has hydrolysis function, therefore for this plastics wet property add attention/notes. has plastics tool has wet or water separation toward, is it has property hydrophilic water 基团, 如ABS, PMMA, PA, PC, PPO and other, in injection molding parts in need drying 处理, anti hydrolysis. 　第二节 polymer surface property can and versus property 　一 abrasion scratch property can 　 in plastics in to abrasion scratch property issues. in injection molding parts in material material in screw add material abrasion scratch mechanism, abrasion scratch for its screw efficiency has important effect/influence. material material from material 斗进入 screw rear in screw lower, make material material 沿螺槽 toward front pellets material by pressure formed solid 体塞, in process in plastics solid and material and screw 　 generate versus for 运动, 各面承受 abrasion scratch force function. this abrasion scratch will to many factors effect/influence, plastics material material property can, pellets and large small, material and screw surface light degree and 材质, versus for speed degree, plastics and metal pressure and function time and other and other. different polymer its abrasion scratch is different. plastics and metal abrasion scratch 时, abrasion scratch and abrasion scratch in 接触面积, and plastics for metal force and strong/high degree has 关. therefore abrasion scratch not only and high poly material material property has 关, but also and effect/influence material 理— machine property outer pressure, speed degree and temperature degree has 关. in high pressure high speed lower plastics hot property can very generate hot amount easy dispersion 出, make plastics large deformation surface bad, therefore pressure and speed degree for abrasion scratch 系数均 has effect/influence. generally lower, plastics abrasion scratch 系数随载荷 add large 而稍许 reduce. polymer material dry abrasion scratch 系数, versus for speed degree improve/increase has increase trend. 二　 versus property 　 versus property is types different product grade polymer in melt lower can versus mixed solvent types property 质. versus property good polymer mixed in 一起, products 会出现 delamination phenomenon. different type type polymer versus property is 不一样, this and separation structure has 一定关系; separation structure versus easy versus 容; difficult 容. 例如, 借助于 polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene (PE) between property, in polycarbonate (PC) in add 入30~50% polyethylene (PE) can make elongation improve/increase 30%, impact strong/high degree improve/increase ４倍, make melt viscosity reduce. in recent years, utilizing polymer between versus features, make blending material product grade day increase more, to 人们 普遍 heavy 视. 三　 table/sheet density 　 large more thermoplastic property plastics 致密状 versus for density is 0.9~1.2g/cm3而 powder material or pellets material table/sheet density is 0.3~0.6g/cm3. if material material table/sheet density low, make uniform add material 发生困 difficult, easy 出现“架桥” phenomenon. this effect/influence efficiency and quality stability property. is has in material in has device, or using/adopting amount add material adjustment plant/unit, for material amount adjustment and control, ensure 连续, uniform add material. 　第三节 polymer force features １形变 and force 关系　材 material force features is material in outer force function lower, generate deformation, flow and bad property 质, reaction material basic force property amount main/primary has type; type is reaction material deformation amount modulus or degree, ratio; type is reaction material bad process amount, ratio/proportion 极限, tensile strength, 屈服应 force, tensile fracture and other function. from force 学观点看, material bad is process is 一 点. ２应 force and time 关系　应 force for its function time property, this is polymer material main/primary 特征之一. polymer in relatively high temperature degree lower force function time relatively short force 松驰行 is and in temperature degree relatively low force function time relatively long force 松驰行 is is 一致. ３形变 and time polymer material in temperature degree lower 承受恒定载荷时, will speed deformation, rear in slow speed rate lower 无限期 deformation lower. 若载荷足够 high deformation 会继续 to fracture is 此. this type of in temperature degree and 载荷都 is conditions lower, deformation for time property 质, creep property 质. 第四节 polymer property can overview injection molding parts in polymer material add hot to melt lower processing. this can melt formed 连续介质, in machine certain upper, screw, material 筒, nozzle and mold cavity runner in formed 流场. in in melt to force, time, temperature degree combined function 发生形变 or flow. this polymer melt flow and machine certain parameters and process parameters 发生密切 联系. 处于层流状态 lower polymer melt, 依本身 separation structure and processing conditions can separation 近似牛顿 type and non type it 们 流变 features 暂不予祥 fine introduction. 1 about/regarding property can （1）剪切 speed rate, 剪切应 force for viscosity effect/influence usually, 剪切应 force 随剪切 speed rate improve/increase increase, viscosity 却随剪切 speed rate or 剪切应 force increase decline. viscosity for speed rate property strong/high, viscosity 随剪切 speed rate improve/increase speed reduce, this type of polymer as property polymer, this type of 剪切变 dilute phenomenon is polymer solid has 特征, different polymer 剪切变 dilute degree is different, understanding this for injection molding parts has important 意义. （2）离模膨胀效应当 polymer melt runner 口时, melt 流 直径, large runner export 直径, this type of phenomenon is 离模膨胀效应. 普遍认 is this is polymer viscous elastic 效应 引起 膨胀效应, viscous elastic need effect/influence ratio large small, temperature degree, speed rate and runner 几何形状 and other can effect/influence melt 膨胀效应. therefore 膨胀效应 is melt flow process in elastic property 反映, this type of is and large separation flow direction 剪切应 force function and 垂直于 flow direction method toward force function has 关. in pure flow in method toward is relatively small. viscous elastic property melt method toward 效应越 large 则离模膨胀效应越 obvious. runner effect/influence; false runner long degree very short, 离模效应 will to 入口效应 effect/influence. this is is gate melt need flow, flow positive in speed degree heavy new distribution unstable 时期, if gate very short, melt material very fast export, 剪切应 force function 会突然消失, speed degree degree need remove, large separation 子发生蜷曲, generate elastic property 恢复, this make 离模膨胀效应 add 剧. if runner long, elastic property can has time elastic property 松驰. this effect/influence 离模膨胀效应 main/primary causes is stability flow 时 剪切 elastic property and method toward function. （3）剪切 speed rate for unstable flow effect/influence speed rate has 三 流变区: low speed rate 区, in low speed rate lower by bad polymer/macromolecule 链缠结 can and 恢复, therefore performance viscosity 不变 牛顿 features. in 剪切区, 随 剪切 speed rate improve/increase, polymer/macromolecule 链段缠结 by 顺开且 不 and heavy new 恢复. this 样就助止 链段 between versus for and inner abrasion scratch decrease small. can make melt viscosity reduce 二至三 数 amount grade, generate dilute function. in high 剪切区, 当剪切 speed rate very high viscosity can drop most small, and difficult 以维持恒定, large separation 子链段缠结 in high lower already full by 拉直, performance 出牛顿流体 property 质. if speed rate again improve/increase, unstable flow, this type of unstable flow formed elastic property melt 出现波纹, phenomenon is melt unstable important 标志. 当剪切 speed rate to elastic property 湍流时, melt not only 不会继续变 dilute, 反而会变稠. this is is melt 发生破裂. （4） temperature degree for viscosity effect/influence viscosity 依赖于 temperature degree mechanism is separation and “自由体积” and temperature degree between in 关联. in 玻璃化 temperature degree below/following 时, 自由体积 maintain 恒定, 体积随 temperature degree growth large separation 子链开始振动. temperature degree ultra- 玻璃化 temperature degree 时, large 链段开始移动, between 自由体积 increase, and between function force decrease small, viscosity decline. different polymer viscosity for temperature degree property has different. （5） pressure for viscosity effect/influence polymer melt in injection molding parts 时, is stage/phase, also is injection stage/phase, melt need internal pressure and external pressure combined function. holding pressure material stage/phase polymer generally need 经受1500~2000kgf/cm2 pressure function, precision molding can high 达4000kgf/cm2, in high pressure lower, separation 子链段间 自由体积 need to pressure shrink. due to separation 子链间自由体积 decrease small, large separation 子链段 靠近 make separation function force add strong/high performance viscosity improve/increase. in processing temperature degree 一定时, polymer melt pressure shrink property ratio generally liquid pressure shrink property need large, for viscosity effect/influence relatively large. due to polymer pressure shrink rate different, therefore viscosity for pressure property different; pressure shrink rate large property large. polymer due to pressure improve/increase make viscosity increase, can to and reduce melt temperature degree and other function. （6） molecular weight for viscosity effect/influence generally lower viscosity molecular weight increase increase, due to molecular weight increase make separation 子链段 add degree, separation heavy 心移动越 slow, 链段间 versus for 们移抵消 machine more, separation flexible add large 缠结点 increase more, understanding and slip difficult. make flow process force increase large, need time and can amount increase. due to molecular weight increase polymer flow reduce, make injection molding parts difficult, therefore in polymer/macromolecule amount polymer in add low separation material 质, increase agent and other, reduce polymer molecular weight, to decrease small viscosity, improvement processing properties. 第三章 products molding mechanism 第一节 crystallization 效应1 crystallization concept polymer ultra- separation structure for injection molding parts conditions and products property can effect/influence non obvious. polymer its ultra- separation structure can separation is crystallization type and non crystallization type, crystallization type polymer separation 子链呈 has 规则 排列, non crystallization polymer separation 子链呈不规则 无定 type 排列. different performance different process property material 理— machine property 质. generally crystallization type polymer tool has heat resistant property and relatively high machine strong/high degree, non crystallization type versus 反. separation structure simple, for property high polymer can formed crystallization, 如PE and other, separation 子链节 although large, separation function force very strong/high can formed crystallization, 如POM,PA and other. separation rigid property large polymer easy formed crystallization, 如PC,PSU,PPO and other. polymer crystallization standards is 晶体形状, large small and crystallization degree. 2 polymer crystallization degree for products property can effect/influence （1） density. crystallization degree high more separation already formed has 序而紧密 structure, separation function force strong/high, therefore density crystallization degree improve/increase add large, 如70% crystallization degree PP, its density is 0.896,当 crystallization degree increase 至95%时则 density increase 至o.903. （2） tensile strength crystallization degree high, tensile strength high. crystallization degree 70% polypropylene (PP) its tensile strength is 27.5mpa, crystallization degree increase 至95%时, tensile strength can improve/increase to 42mpa. （3） impact strong/high degree impact strong/high degree crystallization degree improve/increase decrease small, 如70% crystallization degree polypropylene (PP), its notched impact strength 15.2kgf-cm/cm2,当 crystallization degree 95%时, impact strong/high degree decrease small to 4.86kgf-cm/cm2. （4） thermal properties crystallization degree increase has improve/increase soft temperature degree and heat deflection temperature (HDT). crystallization degree is 70% polypropylene (PP), lower heat deflection temperature (HDT) is 125 degree, crystallization degree 95%时侧 is 151 degree. rigid degree is injection molding parts products demolding conditions 之一, relatively high crystallization degree decrease/reduce products in inner cooling cycle. crystallization degree to low temperature belt/tape low property, crystallization degree separation is 55%, 85%, 95% and other polypropylene (PP) its temperature degree separation is 0 degree, 10 degree, 20 degree. （5） warpage crystallization degree improve/increase make decrease small, shrinkage add large, crystallization type material ratio non crystallization type material more easy warpage, this is is products in inner cooling 时, due to temperature degree upper 差异引起 crystallization degree 差异, make density 不均, shrinkage and other, generate relatively high internal stress 而引起 warpage, make resistant force crazing can force reduce. （6） gloss degree crystallization degree improve/increase increase products property. make products surface gloss degree improve/increase, due to 球晶 存 in 会引起 light dispersion 射, make transparent degree reduce. 3 effect/influence crystallization degree factors （1） temperature degree and cooling speed degree crystallization has hot 历程, and temperature degree has 关, polymer melt temperature degree high melt temperature degree large separation hot significantly increase, to large separation inner poly force 时, separation difficult formed has 序排列而不 easy crystallization; temperature degree low 时, separation 子链段动 can very low, 甚至处于冻结状态, easy crystallization. therefore crystallization temperature degree scope/range is in 玻璃化 temperature degree and melt temperature degree between. in high temperature 区（接近熔 melt temperature degree ）, unstable, mono time formed amount less, in low temperature 区（接近玻璃化 temperature degree ）自由 can low, crystallization time long, crystallization speed degree slow, can is formed 核创造 conditions. this in melt temperature degree and 玻璃化 temperature degree between in most high crystallization speed degree and versus crystallization temperature degree. temperature degree is polymer crystallization process most property factors, temperature degree versus 差1 degree, crystallization speed degree can can versus very more 倍. polymer from melting point temperature degree above drop to 玻璃化 temperature degree below/following, this process speed degree cooling speed degree, it is 决定晶核存 in or long conditions. injection molding parts 时, cooling speed degree 决定于 melt temperature degree and injection molding parts mold temperature degree 之差, cold degree. according to cold degree can separation below/following 三区. a and other temperature cooling 区, injection molding parts mold temperature degree 接近于 most large crystallization speed degree temperature degree 时, this cold degree small, cooling speed degree slow, crystallization in and other temperature conditions lower 进行, this separation 子链自由 can large, 晶核不 easy formed, crystallization slow, cooling cycle add long, formed relatively large 球晶. b fast speed cooling 区, injection molding parts mold temperature degree low crystallization temperature degree cold degree increase large, cooling speed degree very fast crystallization in non and other temperature conditions lower 进行, large separation 子链段 不 and 折叠形 formed sheet/slice, this polymer/macromolecule process rear temperature degree speed degree, is separation in cold lower formed 体积松 dispersion and crystallization type 区. 例如: injection molding parts mold type surface temperature degree low 时, products table/sheet 层就会出现 this type of 情况, in products due to temperature degree degree 关系, cold degree small, cooling speed degree slow formed tool has micro structure crystallization 区. c in speed formed cooling 区, if cooling mold temperature control in melt most large crystallization speed degree temperature degree and 玻璃化 temperature degree between, this 时接近 table/sheet 层 区域 most formed crystallization, due to injection molding parts mold temperature degree relatively high, has products internal 晶核生 formed and long large. crystallization comparison 完整. in this temperature degree selection mold temperature for molding products is has 利, is this crystallization speed rate large, mold temperature relatively low, products easy demolding, tool injection molding parts cycle short. 例如:PETP. mold temperature control in （140~190 degree ）, PA6, PA66, mold temperature control in （70~120 degree ）, PP mold temperature control in （30~80） this has crystallization can force improve/increase in injection molding parts in mold temperature selection can make crystallization degree can can to most 接近于 balanced 位置. low high make products structure unstable, in rear 期会发生 crystallization process in temperature degree rise high 时而发生变化, products structure 变化. (2) melt force function, melt pressure improve/increase, function add strong/high accelerated crystallization process. this is due to force function make 链段沿受 force direction orientation, formed has 序区, easy 诱导出 many 晶胚, use 权晶核数 amount increase, formed crystallization time shrink short, accelerated crystallization function. pressure add large also effect/influence dimensions and 形状, low pressure lower easy formed large 而完整 球晶, high pressure lower easy formed small 而不规则 球晶. large small and remove and large small has also and force has 关. in uniform function lower easy formed uniform micro structure, in pressure function lower easy formed small non-uniform 球晶. screw injection molding parts machine processing 时, due to melt to very large force function, large by powder formed micro fine 晶核, formed uniform micro 晶. 而塞式 injection molding parts machine versus 反. 球晶 生 formed and development and injection molding parts process and equipment conditions has 关. use temperature degree and speed rate can control crystallization can force. in high speed rate lower to PP products cooling rear tool has high crystallization degree structure, but also PP受剪切 function formed time ratio 无剪切 function in melt in formed time need decrease/reduce semi. for crystallization type polymer 说, crystallization and orientation function related, therefore crystallization and 剪切应 force 也就发生联系; function will through orientation and crystallization 两方面 途径 effect/influence melt viscosity. from 而也就 effect/influence melt in nozzle, runner, gate, type in flow. according to polymer orientation function can front crystallization 道貌岸然理, in injection molding parts in improve/increase injection pressure and injection speed rate reduce melt viscosity method is crystallization conditions. 当然, melt 不发生破裂 is 限. in injection molding parts injection molding parts mold in crystallization process important features is it non and other temperature property. melt injection molding parts mold 时, surface 层先生 formed small 球晶, inner formed large 球晶; gate temperature degree high, hot time long crystallization degree high, 而远离 gate cooling fast, crystallization degree low, therefore formed products property can upper non-uniform property. 第二节 orientation 效应 1 orientation mechanism polymer in processing process in, in force function lower, flow large separation 子链段一定会 orientation, orientation property and degree according to orientation conditions has very large difference. melt in large separation force 形式误 function property can separation is 剪切应 force function lower “ flow orientation ” and tensile function lower “ tensile orientation ”. orientation structure mono orientation direction, can separation mono and di or orientation. melt temperature stability property can separation and other temperature and non and other temperature flow orientation. can separation crystallization and non crystallization orientation. polymer melt in mold cavity in flow is injection molding parts main/primary flow process, melt in type in orientation process, will effect/influence products quality. understanding injection molding parts products in type in molding mechanism understanding type polymer orientation mechanism. 充模时, type polymer melt is type flow, melt type 腔首先同模壁接触霰 formed and orientation 冻结层 outer housing/shell. new material 沿 不断 growth solid inner toward front flow. 推动波 front toward front 移动. 靠近凝 solid separation 子链, by solid solid upper, 而另一端 by separation 子链沿 flow direction orientation. due to 靠近凝 solid force most large, speed degree most small; in outer flow force most small, speed degree most large, this in 垂直于 flow direction upper formed speed degree degree; solid speed degree degree most large, in speed degree degree most small, therefore 靠近凝 solid melt 流受剪切 function most strong/high, orientation degree most large, in in 心层剪切 function most small, orientation most small, formed small orientation 层区. 2 orientation for products property can effect/influence due to non crystallization type polymer orientation is large separation in force function direction upper orientation, therefore in orientation direction force property obvious increase, 而垂直于 orientation direction force property also obvious reduce; in orientation direction tensile strength, fracture elongation, orientation degree increase improve/increase. di orientation products its force property tool has property and direction tensile has 关. di orientation mono orientation force property 质. in usually injection molding parts conditions lower, injection molding parts products in flow direction upper tensile strength large is direction 确良1~2.9倍, impact strong/high degree is 1~10倍, 说明垂直于 flow direction upper impact strong/high degree reduce very more. injection molding parts products 玻璃化转变 temperature degree orientation degree improve/increase upper rise. has orientation degree high and crystallization degree improve/increase, its polymer 玻璃化 temperature degree value can rise high ~25 degree. due to in products in in has high elastic 形秋, temperature degree lower already orientation separation 子链段 need generate function: non crystallization type polymer separation need heavy new 蜷曲, crystallization rate and orientation degree formed positive ratio. therefore shrinkage degree is orientation degree 反映. 线膨胀系数也 will orientation degree 而变化; in 垂直于 flow direction 线膨胀系数 ratio orientation direction large 3倍. orientation rear large separation by long, separation between function force increase, 发生“应 force hard 化” phenomenon, performance injection molding parts products modulus improve/increase phenomenon. “冻结 orientation ”越 large, 则越容 easy 发生应 force 松驰, products shrinkage large. therefore products shrinkage orientation degree. 3 effect/influence products orientation factors in injection molding parts processing in, polymer melt orientation process can separation stage/phase 进行. stage/phase is stage/phase, this flow features is: melt pressure low, speed rate large, 模壁处 material material in fast speed cooling conditions 丐进行. this stage/phase polymer melt viscosity main/primary is temperature degree and speed rate 函数. stage/phase is holding pressure stage/phase. its features is speed rate low, pressure high, temperature degree decline. polymer melt viscosity main/primary 依赖于 temperature degree and injection pressure, for orientation effect/influence main/primary is melt processing temperature degree. for crystallization effect/influence main/primary is injection molding parts mold temperature degree. orientation and or tensile function has 关, and large separation 子链 自由 can has 关. according to this type of mechanism, control orientation conditions has below/following factors. （1） material material temperature degree and injection molding parts mold temperature degree increase high make orientation 效自学 formed reduce. is melt rise high viscosity reduce. if melt processing temperature degree high it and solid temperature degree between temperature degree add wide, time add long, easy understanding orientation. non crystallization type polymer time is from processing temperature degree drop 至玻璃化 temperature degree time, for crystallization type polymer is processing temperature degree 至熔化 temperature degree time, due to melting point temperature degree high 于玻璃化 temperature degree, non crystallization type polymer time need long crystallization type polymer. therefore processing crystallization type polymer cooling speed degree large, process short. easy generate orientation. non crystallization type polymer cooling speed degree slow, process long easy understanding orientation, orientation will decrease small. （2） injection pressure increase can improve/increase melt 剪切自学 formed force and speed rate, has accelerated polymer/macromolecule orientation 效应. therefore, injection pressure and holding pressure pressure improve/increase make crystallization and orientation function add strong/high, products density will holding pressure pressure rise high speed growth. （3） gate time effect/influence orientation 效应. if melt flow rear, large separation hot still relatively strong/high 烈, make already orientation mono also 发生松驰, generate understanding orientation 效应. using/adopting large gate due to cooling slow, time long, melt flow time long increase orientation 效果, especially in gate orientation more is obvious, therefore gate ratio gate more easy orientation 效应. （4） injection molding parts mold temperature degree relatively low 时, orientation improve/increase. understanding orientation function decrease small. （5） about/regarding speed degree for products orientation effect/influence. fast speed 充模会引起 surface high degree orientation, internal orientation small, is in temperature degree conditions lower, fast speed 充模会维持 its products in relatively high temperature degree lower cooling, make cooling time add long, polymer/macromolecule time long make understanding orientation can force add strong/high, therefore orientation degree ratio table/sheet small. in injection temperature degree same conditions lower, slow speed 充模会延 long flow time, melt temperature degree need reduce, force need increase. this melt temperature degree and 玻璃化 temperature degree or melting point need ratio fast speed 充模区间 small, force time short, therefore understanding orientation function small; 另一方面 slow speed melt temperature degree ratio fast speed 充模时 low, understanding orientation function decrease small, orientation function increase. products structure 形态而言, fast speed 充模会引起 relatively small orientation, slow speed 充模反而会引起 large orientation. upper 述, effect/influence polymer crystallization and orientation factors has below/following several 方面: 1 temperature degree: a melt temperature degree. b melt processing process temperature degree. c injection molding parts mold temperature degree. d polymer melting point. e polymer 玻璃化 temperature degree. f melt most large crystallization speed rate temperature degree. 2 time: a polymer add hot time. b充模 time. c holding pressure time. d gate time. e cooling time. 3 pressure: a充模 pressure. b holding pressure pressure. 4 speed degree: a充模 speed degree. b塑化 speed degree. 第三节 internal stress 1 internal stress generate in injection molding parts products in, local force is different, products deformation degree will 决定于应 force distribution. if products in cooling 时. in temperature degree degree, this category of force development, therefore this category of force also is “ molding force ”. injection molding parts products internal stress types: types is injection molding parts products molding force, types is temperature degree force. melt temperature degree relatively low injection molding parts mold 时, mold cavity melt speed cooling solid 化, is separation 子链段 by “冻结”. due to solid polymer 层, thermally conductive property very 差, in products thick degree direction upper generate relatively large temperature degree degree. products 心部凝 solid versus slow, 以致于当 gate 封闭时, products in melt mono also solid, this injection molding parts machine also method for cooling shrinkage 进行补 material. this products internal shrinkage function and hard function direction is versus 反; 心部处于静态 tensile table/sheet 层则处于静态 pressure shrink. in melt flow 时, remove has shrinkage 效应引起 应 force outer. also has runner, gate export 膨胀效应而引起 应 force; front types 效应引起 应 force and melt flow direction has 关, rear due to export 膨胀效应 will in 垂直于 flow direction force function. 2 effect/influence force process factors （1） toward force effect/influence in speed cold conditions lower, orientation 会导致 polymer internal stress formed. due to polymer melt viscosity high, internal stress can very fast 松驰, effect/influence products physical properties and dimensional stability. parameters for orientation force effect/influence a melt temperature degree, melt temperature degree high, viscosity low, 剪切应 force reduce orientation degree decrease small; 另一方面 due to melt temperature degree high make force add fast, make understanding orientation can force add strong/high. can is in 不改变 injection molding parts machine pressure lower, mold cavity pressure increase large, strong/high function also orientation force improve/increase. b in nozzle 封闭以 front, long holding pressure time, 会导致 orientation force increase. c improve/increase injection pressure or holding pressure pressure, increase large orientation force, d injection molding parts mold temperature degree high can ensure products slow cooling, to understanding orientation function. e increase products thick degree make orientation force reduce, is thick products cooling slow, viscosity improve/increase slow, force process time long, therefore orientation force small. （2） for temperature degree force effect/influence upper due to in 充模时 melt and type between temperature degree degree very large, solid outer melt need rear solid inner melt shrinkage, in outer generate pressure force （ shrinkage force ）, inner generate force （ orientation force ）. if rear also in holding pressure pressure function lower relatively long time, polymer melt also mold cavity in, make mold cavity pressure improve/increase, pressure 会改变 due to temperature degree 不均而 generate internal stress. in holding pressure time short, mold cavity pressure also relatively low lower, products internal still maintain cooling 时 应 force 状态. if in products cooling mold cavity pressure 不足时, products outer 层会因凝 solid shrinkage formed 凹陷; if in products already formed cold hard rear mold cavity pressure 不足时, products inner 层会因 shrinkage separation 离, or formed 空穴; if in gate front mold cavity pressure, has improve/increase products density, remove cooling temperature degree force, is in gate 附近会 generate relatively large force in. 由此看 thermoplastic property polymer in molding 时, inner pressure large holding pressure time long, has temperature degree generate shrinkage force decrease small 反之会 make pressure shrink force increase large. 3 internal stress and products quality products in internal stress in heavy effect/influence products force property and use property can; due to products internal stress in and distribution 不均, products in use process in 会发生 cracks. in 玻璃化 temperature degree below/following use 时, 常发生不规则 deformation or warpage, also 会引起 products surface “泛白”, 浑浊, optical property bad. method reduce gate temperature degree, increase cold time, has improvement products force 不均, make products mechanical properties 均一. tube/pipe for crystallization type polymer also is non crystallization type polymer, tensile strength performance toward toward features. for non crystallization type polymer tensile strength gate 们置而异; gate and direction 一致时, tensile strength melt temperature degree improve/increase reduce; gate and direction 垂直时, tensile strength melt temperature degree improve/increase increase. due to melt temperature degree improve/increase understanding orientation function add strong/high, orientation function decrease low make tensile strength reduce. gate 方位会 through effect/influence material direction effect/influence orientation, also due to non crystallization type polymer ratio crystallization type polymer toward property performance strong/high 烈, therefore in 垂直于 flow direction upper tensile strength front ratio rear large. low temperature injection ratio high temperature injection has more large force toward property, injection temperature degree high 时, direction and flow direction strong/high degree ratio is 1.7, injection temperature degree low is 2. 由此看, melt temperature degree improve/increase, for crystallization type polymer also is non crystallization type polymer 都会导致 tensile strength reduce, mechanism 却不一样; front is due to through orientation function reduce effect/influence. 第四章 molding fault/failure and its solution methods 第一节 Common fault/failure generate and troubleshooting methods 一欠注 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods 1 equipment type 不当. in use equipment 时, injection molding parts machine most large injection amount must large parts and water heavy, injection heavy can ultra- 出 injection molding parts machine amount 85%.2 供 material 不足. currently commonly used control add material method is 定体积 add material method, its material amount and raw materials 果粒经 is 否均一, add material 口底部 has 无“架桥” phenomenon. add material temperature degree high, 也会引起落 material 不畅. for 此, hydrophobic and cooling add material 口. 3 material flow property 差. raw materials flow property 差时, injection molding parts mold structure parameters is effect/influence main/primary causes. therefore improvement injection molding parts mold system defect, combined 理设置浇道位置, expand large gate, runner and material dimensions, and using/adopting relatively large nozzle and other. meanwhile can in raw materials formulation in increase amount additives improvement resin flow property can. in addition, also 应检查 raw materials in recycled material is ultra- amount, decrease/reduce its use amount. 4 lubricant ultra- amount. if raw materials formulation in lubricant amount more, material screw ring and material abrasion loss relatively large 时, material in material in 回流严 heavy 会引起供 material 不足, 导致欠注. for 此, decrease/reduce lubricant use amount and adjustment material and material screw and ring 间隙, equipment. 5 cold material retardant material 道. material inner 杂质堵塞 nozzle or cold material retardant gate and runner 时, will nozzle lower or expand large injection molding parts mold cold material and runner 截面. 6 浇注 system design combined 理. more 腔时, 往往因 gate and balanced design combined 理导致塑 parts appearance defect. design system 时, need attention/notes gate balanced, type inner parts weight need and gate large small formed positive ratio, make type can meanwhile 充满, gate need selection in thick 壁处, can using/adopting separation runner balanced design solution/scheme. gate or runner small, thin, long, material pressure in flow process in loss large, flow retardant, easy generate filling defect. for expand large runner and gate 面积, necessary can using/adopting more material methods. 7 injection molding parts mold gas defect. injection molding parts mold inner gas defect 而残留 a large amount of gas to material pressure, generate large injection pressure high pressure 时, retardant material type formed 欠注. for 此, 应检查 has 无设置 cold material or its is positive 确, for/regarding type relatively deep injection molding parts mold, in 欠注 部位 increase gas or gas 孔; in clamping upper, can deep degree is 0.02~0.04mm, wide degree is 5~10mm gas 槽, gas 孔应设置 in type most 终充模处. use water separation and easy material content ultra- 标 raw materials 时也会 generate a large amount of gas 体, injection molding parts mold gas defect. 此时, for raw materials drying and remove easy material. in addition, in injection molding parts mold system process as 方面, can through improve/increase injection molding parts mold temperature degree, reduce injection speed degree, decrease small system flow force, and decrease small clamping force, add large injection molding parts mold and other measures improvement gas defect. （8） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. material low temperature mold cavity rear, cooling fast method type 腔 各 角落. therefore, machine front must will injection molding parts mold preheating process requirements temperature degree, rigid machine 时, 应适当节 made injection molding parts mold inner cooling water through amount. injection molding parts mold temperature degree rise upper, 应检查 injection molding parts mold cooling system design is combined 理, （9）熔 material temperature degree low, usually, in combined molding scope/range inner, material temperature and long degree 接近于 positive ratio/proportion 关系, low temperature material flow property can decline, make long degree decrease short. material temperature low process requirements temperature degree 时, 应检查 material add material device is good method improve/increase material temperature degree. rigid machine 时, material temperature degree ratio material add hot device table/sheet temperature degree need low 一, attention/notes will material add hot to table/sheet temperature degree rear also temperature time can machine. if is anti material separation understanding 不 不采取 low temperature injection 时, can 适当延 long injection ring time, 克服欠注. for/regarding screw injection molding parts machine, can improve/increase material front 部区段 temperature degree. （10） nozzle temperature degree low, in injection process in, nozzle is and injection molding parts mold versus 接触, due to injection molding parts mold temperature degree generally low nozzle temperature degree, temperature relatively large, frequency 繁接触 rear make nozzle temperature degree decline, 导致熔 material in nozzle cold 冻. if injection molding parts mold structure in has cold material 穴, cold material type rear 立即凝 solid, make in rear hot material method type 腔. therefore, in mold opening make nozzle and injection molding parts mold separation 离, decrease/reduce mold temperature for nozzle temperature degree effect/influence, make nozzle temperature degree maintain in process requirements scope/range inner. if nozzle temperature degree very low rise upper, 应检查 nozzle add hot device is loss bad, method improve/increase nozzle temperature degree, 否则, material pressure loss large 也会引起欠注. （11） injection pressure or holding pressure 不足. injection pressure and long degree 接近于 positive ratio/proportion 关系, injection pressure small, long degree short, type filling 不满. for 此, can through decrease slow injection front speed degree, 适当延 long injection time and other method improve/increase injection pressure. in injection pressure method 进一步 improve/increase lower, can through improve/increase material temperature, reduce material viscosity, improve/increase melt flow property can remedy. value attention/notes is material temperature high make material hot separation understanding, effect/influence parts use property can. in addition, if holding pressure time short, 也会导致 filling 不足. therefore, will holding pressure time control in scope/range inner, need attention/notes, holding pressure time long 也会引起 its it fault/failure, molding according to parts specific 情况酌情 adjustment. （12） injection speed degree slow. injection speed degree and speed degree related. if injection speed degree slow, material 充模缓 slow, low speed flow melt very easy cooling, make its flow property can 进一步 decline generate 欠注. for 此, 应适当 improve/increase injection speed degree. attention/notes, if injection speed degree fast, very easy its it molding fault/failure. （13）塑 parts structure design combined 理. parts thick degree and long degree formed ratio/proportion, 形体十 separation complex molding very large 时, material very easy in parts thin 壁部位 入口处 flow retardant, make type very difficult 充满. therefore, in design parts structure 时, attention/notes parts thick degree and material 充模时 极限 flow long degree has 关. in injection molding parts molding in, parts thick degree using/adopting most more is 1~3mm, large type parts is 3~6mm, generally recommendation most small thick degree is; polyethylene (PE) 0.5mm,醋 acid fiber and acid acid fiber plastics 0.7mm, fiber plastics 0.9mm, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 0.7mm, polyamide (PA) 0.7mm, polystyrene (PS) 0.75mm, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 2.3mm. usually, parts thick degree ultra- 8mm or small 于0.5mm都 for injection molding parts molding 不利, design 时应避免 using/adopting this thick degree. in addition, in molding complex structure parts 时, in process upper need using/adopting necessary measures, combined 理确定 gate 位置, adjustment runner 布局, improve/increase injection speed degree or using/adopting fast speed injection. improve/increase injection molding parts mold temperature degree or selection flow property can relatively good resin and other. material flash fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） clamping force 不足. injection pressure large clamping force make injection molding parts mold separation type combined defect easy generate material flash. for 此, 应检查 increase pressure is increase pressure amount, meanwhile 应检查塑 parts 投影面积 and molding pressure is ultra- 出 equipment clamping force. molding pressure is injection molding parts mold inner pressure, 常规情况 lower 以40mpa计算. production 箱形塑 parts 时, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and ABS molding pressure value is 30mpa; production relatively deep parts 时, molding pressure value is 36mpa; in production small 于10cm3 small type parts 时, molding pressure value is 60mpa. if 计算结果 is clamping force small parts 投影面积 and molding pressure 乘积, table/sheet clamping force or injection molding parts pressure high. reduce injection pressure or decrease small material 口截面积, can shrink short holding pressure and increase pressure time, decrease small injection 行程, or decrease/reduce type and use clamping large injection molding parts machine. （2） material temperature high. high temperature melt melt viscosity small, flow property can good, material can injection molding parts mold inner very small in generate material flash. therefore, 出现溢 material flash rear, 应考虑适当 reduce material 筒, nozzle and injection molding parts mold temperature degree, shrink short injection cycle. for/regarding polyamide (PA) and other viscosity relatively low material, if 仅靠改变 molding conditions solution material flash defect is very difficult. in reduce material temperature meanwhile, amount precision processing and injection molding parts mold, decrease small injection molding parts mold 间隙. （3） injection molding parts mold defect. injection molding parts mold defect is generate material flash main/primary causes, in relatively more material flash must true injection molding parts mold, heavy new separation type 面, make and for in, 并检查 separation type is 否密 贴 combined, type and 模芯部 separation sliding parts abrasion loss is ultra- 差. separation type upper has viscous material or 落入异 material, sheet/plate is 否平行, has bending deformation, sheet/plate has injection molding parts mold thick degree adjustment to positive 确位置, combined surface is loss 伤, has deformation 不均, gas is large deep. according to upper 述逐步检查 结果, for/regarding generate can using/adopting machine processing methods troubleshooting. （4） process conditions control 不当. if injection speed degree fast, injection time long, injection pressure in mold cavity in distribution 不均, speed rate 不均衡, and add material amount more, lubricant use amount 都会导致溢 material flash, as 时应针 for specific 情况采取 versus measures. value heavy is, troubleshooting material flash fault/failure must from troubleshooting injection molding parts mold fault/failure 手, if material flash 而改变 molding conditions or raw materials formulation, for other generate defect effect/influence, easy other molding fault/failure. 三熔接痕 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） temperature low. low temperature material separation combined property can relatively 差, easy formed 熔接痕. if parts inner outer surface in 同一部位 generate fine 纹时, is due to material temperature low 引起 熔接 defect. for 此, can improve/increase material and nozzle temperature degree or long injection cycle, make material temperature upper rise. meanwhile, made injection molding parts mold inner cooling water through amount, improve/increase injection molding parts mold temperature degree. generally lower, parts 熔接痕处 strong/high degree relatively 差, if for injection molding parts mold in generate 熔接痕 versus 应部位进行 local add hot, improve/increase molding parts 熔接部位 local temperature degree, can improve/increase parts 熔接处 strong/high degree. if due to need, must using/adopting low temperature molding process 时, can improve/increase injection speed degree increase injection pressure, from improvement material combined property can. can in raw materials formulation in increase use a small amount of lubricant, improve/increase material flow property can. (2) injection molding parts mold defect. injection molding parts mold system structure parameters for material 熔接状况 has very large effect/influence, is defect main/primary generate material separation combined. therefore, amount using/adopting separation less gate 形式并 combined selection gate 位置, amount 避免充模 speed rate 不一致 and material in 断. in can can conditions lower, selection 一点式 gate, is this type of gate generate more material 流, material from direction combined, easy 避免熔接痕. if injection molding parts mold system in, gate more or small, more gate 定位不 positive or gate to material 熔接处 间距太 large, system runner Imported and separation runner runner 截面太 small, material retardant force large 都会引起熔接 defect, make parts surface generate relatively 明现 熔接痕. for 此, can can decrease/reduce gate 数, combined 理设置 gate 位置, add large gate 截面, 设置辅助 runner, expand large runner and separation runner 直径. is anti low temperature material mold cavity generate 熔接痕, in improve/increase injection molding parts mold temperature degree meanwhile in injection molding parts mold inner cold material 穴. in addition, parts 熔接痕 generate 部位经常 due to high pressure 充模而 generate flash, but also generate this category of flash rear 熔接痕不会 generate shrink 孔, therefore this category of flash 往往不 as is fault/failure troubleshooting, is in injection molding parts mold upper generate flash 部位开一 very shallow small 沟槽, will parts upper 熔接痕转移 to add flash small upper, parts molding rear again will small remove, this is troubleshooting 熔接痕 fault/failure commonly used types methods. （3） injection molding parts mold gas defect, material weld lines and injection molding parts mold clamping or heavy combined 时, mold cavity inner more material pressure gas can from clamping or 嵌缝处排出; weld lines and clamping or 嵌缝不 heavy combined, gas 孔设置不当时, mold cavity inner by material pressure 残留空 gas method 排出, bubbles in high pressure lower by strong/high force pressure, 体渐渐变 small, most by pressure shrink formed 一点, due to by pressure shrink gas separation can in high pressure lower is hot can, 因而导致熔 material material temperature degree rise high, its temperature degree and other or high raw materials separation understanding temperature degree 时, 熔接点处便出现黄点, its temperature degree high raw materials separation understanding temperature degree 时, 熔接点处便出现 black spots. generally lower, parts surface 熔接痕附近出现 this category of 斑点总 is in 同一位置反复出现, but also 出现 部位总 is property in material 点处, in as process in, need will this category of 斑点误认 is 杂质斑点. generate this category of main/primary causes is due to injection molding parts mold gas defect, it is material high temperature separation understanding rear formed carbon 化点. this category of fault/failure rear, 首先应检查 injection molding parts mold gas is by material solid material or other material retardant 塞, gate has material. if retardant material remove rear still carbon 化点, in injection molding parts mold material increase gas 孔. can through heavy new gate or reduce combined force, increase large gas accelerated material combined 流. in process as 方面, can reduce material temperature and injection molding parts mold temperature degree, shrink short high pressure injection time, reduce injection pressure and other measures. （4） demolding agent use 不当. demolding agent use amount more or selection product types positive 确都会引起塑 parts surface generate 熔接痕. in injection molding parts molding in, generally in and other easy demolding 部位才 uniform coating use a small amount of demolding agent, upper amount decrease/reduce demolding agent use amount. for/regarding various demolding agent selection, must according to molding conditions, parts outer and raw materials product types and other conditions 确定. 例如, pure hard acid zinc can used for remove polyamide (PA) and transparent plastics outer various plastics, and mixed combined rear can used for polyamide (PA) and transparent plastics. also silicon 油甲苯 solvent liquid can used for various plastics, but also coating one-time can use very 久, its coating rear add hot dry, use method comparison complex. （5）塑 parts structure design combined 理. if parts thick design thin can thick thin 悬殊以 and parts more, 都会引起熔接 defect. thin parts molding 时, due to material solid fast, easy generate defect, but also material in process in is in thin 壁处汇 combined formed 熔接痕, thin generate 熔接痕, 就会导致塑 parts strong/high degree reduce, effect/influence use property can. therefore, in design parts structure 时, ensure parts most thin 部位必 must large molding 时允许 most small thick. in addition, amount decrease/reduce parts use thick can can 趋于一致. （6） other causes. use raw materials water separation or easy material content high, injection molding parts mold in 油渍末清洗 dry 净, mold cavity in has cold material or material inner fiber filler distribution defect, injection molding parts mold cooling system design combined 理, material solid fast, parts temperature degree low, nozzle small, injection molding parts machine can force 不够, injection molding parts machine material in pressure loss large, 都会导致 different degree defect. for 此, in as process in, for different 情况, separation 别采取 raw materials drying, 定期清理 injection molding parts mold, injection molding parts mold cooling water 道设置, control cooling water amount, improve/increase parts temperature degree, use relatively large nozzle, use relatively large specifications injection molding parts machine and other measures solution. 四 波 flow marks fault/failure analysis and remove methods: （1）熔 material flow defect 导致塑 parts surface generate gate is in year 轮状波 flow marks. flow property can relatively low temperature high viscosity material in material and runner in semi solid 化波动状态注入 type rear, material mold cavity surface flow by 不断注入 rear material pressure formed and 滞流, from in parts surface generate gate is in year 轮状波 flow marks. for this fault/failure generate causes, can separation 别采取 improve/increase injection molding parts mold and nozzle temperature degree, improve/increase injection speed rate and speed degree. increase injection pressure and holding pressure and increase time. can in gate 处设置 add hot device increase gate local temperature degree. also can expand large gate and runner 截面积. gate and runner most good using/adopting 圆形, this type of can obtain most 佳充模. is, if in parts thin low 区域设置 gate, using/adopting positive 方形截面. in addition, material 口底部 and separation runner 端部应设置 relatively large cold material 穴, material temperature for material flow property can effect/influence relatively large, need attention/notes cold material dimensions large small, cold material 穴 位置必 must in material material flow direction 端部. if generate year 轮状波 flow marks main/primary causes is resin property can relatively 差时, can in conditions 充许 情况 lower, selection low viscosity resin. （2）熔 material in runner in flow 不畅导致塑 parts surface generate 螺旋状波 flow marks. material from runner small 截面流入 relatively large type or injection molding parts mold runner narrow, light degree very 差时, material very easy formed 湍流, 导致塑 parts surface formed 螺旋状波 flow marks. for 此, can reduce injection speed degree or for injection speed degree slow, fast, slow separation grade control. injection molding parts mold gate 应设置 in thick 壁部位 or in 壁侧设置 gate, gate most good using/adopting 柄式, or film sheet/slice 式. can expand large runner and gate 截面, decrease/reduce material flow retardant force. in addition, made injection molding parts mold inner cooling water amount, make injection molding parts mold maintain relatively high temperature degree. in process as temperature degree scope/range inner improve/increase material and nozzle temperature degree, has improvement material flow property can. （3）挥发 property gas 体导致塑 parts surface generate 云雾状波 flow marks. using/adopting ABS or other copolymer resin raw materials 时, processing temperature degree relatively high, resin and lubricant generate property gas make parts surface generate 云雾状波 flow marks. for 此, 应适当 reduce injection molding parts mold and machine temperature degree, improvement injection molding parts mold gas conditions, reduce material temperature and speed rate, expand large gate 截面, also 应考虑 more lubricant product types or decrease/reduce amount. gate surface mixed and fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods 体破裂. melt type rear in injection molding parts mold upper formed thin table/sheet housing/shell, this table/sheet housing/shell in process in to rear material pressure 时, 就会导致 melt 破裂. very thin table/sheet housing/shell by or 发生移动, parts surface generate or 皱纹. 例如, in melt relatively small low density polyethylene (PE) parts upper, its surface can to dark strip/profile 形区域, its generate generally gate has 一定距离, 并遍布整 surface, especially is thin parts most easy generate this category of fault/failure, this main/primary is due to material in small 熔腔尚未结束 front to relatively large pressure, melt 破裂, formed surface defects. usually, decrease slow material in process in cooling speed degree and table/sheet housing/shell 层 形 formed speed rate is remove this category of fault/failure most good method, can through improve/increase injection molding parts mold temperature degree or improve/increase melt 破裂部位 local temperature degree troubleshooting this fault/failure. for/regarding mold cavity surface local add hot, can utilizing in gate and melt 破裂部位 small type tube/pipe electrical add hot device achieve. （2）熔 material in mold cavity inner generate 不规则脉冲 flow. material flow features and its property can has 关, also and 决定熔 material in injection molding parts mold 入口处剪切 speed rate gate 截面积 has 关. gate dimensions very small injection speed rate very high 时, material is fine bending 射流态注入 type 腔, material cooling speed degree very fast, and rear 续充模 不规则流 material combined defect, gate generate surface mixed and 斑纹. has 时, a small amount of cold material mold cavity surface 移动, make surface mixed and generate in gate relatively 远 部位. usually, crystallization type polymer injection generate surface mixed and relatively difficult troubleshooting, is this category of resin melt temperature degree versus high, and non crystallization type polymer versus ratio, crystallization type polymer solid speed degree fast, processing temperature degree narrow, but also in thick 急剧变化 and material 突然改变 flow direction generate 不规则 flow material and its material in type in combined time comparison short, very easy generate surface mixed and 斑纹. for/regarding troubleshooting this category of fault/failure, in process as 方面, 应适当 improve/increase injection molding parts mold, material and nozzle temperature degree, reduce injection screw front speed degree. in injection molding parts mold as 方面, expand large gate dimensions, excellent selection gate, if using/adopting type gate, its dimensions small make gate 处 残 material effect/influence 充模, add material 不规则 flow, 应适当 add large its dimensions; injection molding parts mold gas defect, effect/influence material property flow, 应予以改进. in addition, decrease/reduce lubricant use amount selection product types. cracks and fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods residual stress high. parts inner residual stress high resin elastic property 极限时, parts surface generate cracks and 破裂. injection molding parts molding 时, high poly material melt separation 子排列, in outer force function lower generate separation orientation, polymer/macromolecule from types stability strong/high 迫 渡 to types orientation 状态, most rear by in injection molding parts mold inner 时, cooling rear parts generate residual stress. meanwhile, material in cold inner temperature relatively large, very fast viscous 流态变化 is 玻璃态, already orientation large separation 子 不 and 恢复初始 stability 状态就 by 冻结, make parts surface 残余 一部 separation internal stress. generally lower, gate most easy 发生由 residual stress cracks and 破裂, is gate molding pressure versus for other need high 一, especially is runner is gate more is 如此. in addition, parts thick non-uniform, material cooling speed degree 不一致时, due to thick thin shrinkage amount different, front rear tensile, generate residual stress. due to residual stress is effect/influence parts cracks and 破裂 一 main/primary causes, can through decrease/reduce residual stress anti parts generate cracks and 破裂. decrease/reduce residual stress main/primary methods is 改进浇注 system structure and adjustment good parts molding conditions. in injection molding parts mold design and made as 方面, can using/adopting pressure loss most small, but also can relatively high injection pressure gate, can will positive toward gate is more 针式点 gate or gate, decrease small gate 直径. design gate 时, can using/adopting molding rear can will 破裂部 separation remove sheet/slice gate 形式. 例如, poly carbon acid 脂, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and other raw materials melt flow property can defect, need in high pressure conditions lower injection molding parts molding, gate easy generate cracks, if using/adopting sheet/slice or gate, can will molding rear generate in sheet/slice separation cracks separation remove. in addition, in gate combined using/adopting ring add strong/high can decrease/reduce gate cracks. in process as 方面, through reduce injection pressure decrease/reduce residual stress is types most methods, is injection pressure and residual stress positive ratio/proportion 关系. if parts surface generate cracks 四周发黑, table/sheet injection pressure high or add material amount less, 应适当 reduce injection pressure or increase material amount. in material temperature and mold temperature relatively low conditions lower molding 时, is make type 腔充满, need using/adopting relatively high injection pressure, make parts inner a large amount of force. for 此, 应适当 improve/increase material and injection molding parts mold temperature degree, decrease/reduce material and injection molding parts mold temperature 差, control inner type cooling time and speed degree, make orientation separation has relatively long time. in addition, in ensure material 不足, make parts generate shrinkage front lower, can shrink short holding pressure time, is holding pressure time long easy generate residual stress cracks. （2） outer force residual stress in. parts in demolding front, if demolding ejection machine 构 截面积太 small or 顶杆设置 数 amount 不够, 顶杆设置 位置不 combined or 安装倾斜, balanced defect, injection molding parts mold demolding degree 不足, ejection retardant force large, due to outer force function 导致应 force in, make parts surface generate cracks and 破裂. generally lower, this category of fault/failure is in 顶杆 周围. this category of fault/failure rear, true and ejection plant/unit. 顶杆设置 in demolding retardant force most large 部位, 如凸出, add strong/high and other 处. if 设置 顶杆数 due to 推顶面积受 to conditions made can can expand large 时, can use small more methods. if injection molding parts mold type demolding degree 不够, parts surface 也会出现 scratch formed 褶皱花纹. in demolding degree 时, must molding raw materials shrinkage rate and ejection system structure 设置, generally lower, demolding degree large 于0.85%, small type parts demolding degree is 0.1~0.5%, large type parts demolding degree can 达2.5%. （3） molding raw materials and metal parts thermal expansion coefficient in 差异, due to thermoplastic property plastics thermal expansion coefficient need ratio large 9~11倍, ratio aluminum large 6倍. therefore, parts inner metal parts 会妨碍塑 parts overall shrinkage, generate tensile force very large, parts 四周会 poly a large amount of residual stress 引起塑 parts surface generate cracks. this 样, for/regarding metal parts 应进行 preheating, especially is parts surface cracks in rigid machine 时, large separation is due to parts temperature degree low formed. another, in parts selection 方面, amount using/adopting 膨胀系数接近 resin features material. 例如, using/adopting zinc, aluminum and other light metal material made as parts excellent 于钢材. in selection molding raw materials 时, 也应尽 can can using/adopting polymer/macromolecule amount resin, if must use low molecular weight molding raw materials 时, parts plastics thick degree design thick 一, for/regarding polyethylene (PE), poly carbon acid 脂, polyamide (PA), acid fiber plastics, parts plastics thick degree less and other parts 直径 一 semi; for/regarding polystyrene (PS), generally 不宜设置 metal parts. （4） raw materials selection or pure 净. different raw materials for generate residual stress degree different, generally non crystallization type resin ratio crystallization type resin easy generate residual stress cracks; for/regarding water property resin and use recycled material relatively more resin, is water property resin add hot rear separation understanding 脆化, relatively small residual stress 就会引起脆裂, recycled material content relatively high resin in relatively more, easy material content relatively high, material strong/high degree comparison low, easy generate force cracking. table/sheet 明, low viscosity hydrophobic type resin easy generate cracks, therefore, in production process in, combined specific selection combined molding raw materials. in as process in, demolding agent for/regarding material is types material, use amount 不当也会引起 cracks, amount decrease/reduce its use amount. in addition, injection molding parts material machine due to production need more raw materials product types 时, must material upper material device and drying device in material dry 净, 并排清 material in material. （5）塑 parts structure design defect. parts structure in and 缺口处 most easy generate force in, 导致塑 parts surface generate cracks and 破裂. therefore, parts structure in outer and inner 角都应尽 can can use most large semi formed 圆弧. table/sheet 明, most 佳 渡圆弧 semi is semi and 转角处壁 thick ratio value is 1:1.7,即转角处 圆弧 semi is thick 0.6倍. in design parts structure 时, for/regarding must design formed and 锐边 部位 still need using/adopting 0.5mm most small semi formed very small 圆弧, this can long injection molding parts mold lifespan. （6） injection molding parts mold upper cracks to parts surface upper. in injection molding parts molding process in, due to injection molding parts mold to injection pressure function, type in tool has 锋利锐角 棱边部位会 generate fatigue cracks, especially is in cooling 孔附近 especially easy generate cracks. injection molding parts mold and nozzle 接触时, injection molding parts mold 底部受 to pressure, if injection molding parts mold ring relatively large or relatively thin 时, injection molding parts mold type surface generate fatigue cracks. injection molding parts mold type surface upper cracks to parts surface upper 时, parts surface upper generate cracks is 以同一形状 in 同一部位连续出现. this type of cracks rear, 应立即检查 cracks for type surface has same cracks. if is due to function generate cracks, machine processing methods injection molding parts mold. crazing and whitening fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） parts surface residual stress large. residual stress large is 导致塑 parts surface crazing main/primary causes, in process as in, according to decrease/reduce parts residual stress requirements setting process parameters, especially is in material and injection molding parts mold temperature degree relatively high, melt flow property can relatively good lower, amount reduce injection pressure, in troubleshooting crazing fault/failure can troubleshooting cracks and fault/failure methods. if parts surface already generate crazing, can 考虑采取退火 办 method 予以消 remove, 退火处理 is low parts heat deflection temperature (HDT) 5 degree left right temperature degree separation add thermoplastic parts 1 small left right, rear will its slow cooling, most good is will generate crazing parts molding rear 立即进行退火处理, this has 利于完 full remove crazing. however, in large amount production in 采取退火 methods remove crazing, achieve difficult degree relatively large, generally using/adopting. in addition, due to crazing in has residual stress, will generate crazing defect parts spray coating processing 时, coating material in agent very easy make 裂痕处 solvent development formed is cracks, in this type of lower, especially attention/notes selection 不会发生熔裂 coating material and dilute agent. （2）塑 parts surface to in outer force function. outer force function is 导致塑 parts surface generate whitening main/primary causes. more 数情况 lower, generate whitening 部位总 is 位于塑 parts ejection 部位. 例如, parts in demolding process in, due to demolding defect, parts surface demolding force 接近于 resin elastic property 极限时, 就会出现 whitening. whitening rear, reduce injection pressure, increase large demolding degree, especially is in add strong/high and 凸台附近应 anti 止倒角. demolding machine ejection plant/unit need in parts thick or increase parts ejection thick degree. in addition, improve/increase type surface light degree, decrease small demolding anionic force, necessary can use a small amount of demolding agent. silver streaks and fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1）熔 material in has easy material. silver streaks Common is by long bubbles formed 针状银 white strip/profile 纹, its main/primary types type has degradation silver streaks and water gas silver streaks. various silver streaks generate from material front 端析出 挥发 material. 例如, degradation silver streaks is thermoplastic property plastics hot rear 发生部 separation degradation, and gas separation understanding formed small bubbles distribution in parts surface upper, this small bubbles in parts surface lower generally formed “V”形, “V”字 尖端背 toward gate in 心. also water gas silver streaks generate main/primary causes is raw materials in water separation content high, water separation 挥发时 generate bubbles 导致塑 parts surface generate silver streaks, especially is polyamide (PA) and impact resistant polystyrene (PS) and other high water property resin, if material in water separation generate gas can full 排出时, in parts surface formed water gas silver streaks. troubleshooting silver streaks fault/failure from 三 方面 手; 首先, in raw materials selection and 处理方面, for/regarding degradation silver streaks, need amount selection uniform resin, remove raw materials in powder 屑, decrease/reduce recycled material use amount, remove material in 残存异 material; for/regarding water gas silver streaks, must according to resin drying requirements, separation drying raw materials. its 次, in process as 方面, for/regarding degradation silver streaks, reduce material and nozzle temperature degree, shrink short material in material in time, anti material local hot, can reduce screw speed and front speed degree, shrink short increase pressure time; for/regarding water gas silver streaks, high back pressure, add large screw pressure shrink ratio, reduce screw speed or use gas type screw. is in injection molding parts mold design and as 方面, for/regarding degradation silver streaks, add large gate, runner and separation runner 截面, expand large cold material 穴, improvement injection molding parts mold gas conditions, for/regarding water gas silver streaks, increase injection molding parts mold gas or using/adopting true gas plant/unit, amount solvent material in gas 体, 并检查 injection molding parts mold cooling water is 否渗漏, anti injection molding parts mold surface cold 结霜以 and surface wet, if injection molding parts mold type surface has water separation, parts surface 就会出现 white silver streaks 痕迹. in addition, injection process in, demolding agent generate a small amount of gas 体, amount decrease/reduce its use amount, can through improve/increase injection molding parts mold type surface light degree decrease/reduce demolding retardant force. （2）熔 material defect. if material in material in add hot 不足, defect 时, full melt material 粒暴露 in parts surface 时即形 formed 斑纹. this type of 形若云母 sheet/slice dark 斑, sheet/slice dark 斑 面积接近于一颗 material large small. in light lower can 见, 斑纹处 transparent degree relatively 差, has can obvious separation 辨出凸起状 未熔透 raw materials micro 粒. according to dark generate causes, in troubleshooting this fault/failure 时, 应适当 improve/increase material temperature degree and long molding cycle, amount using/adopting inner add hot material or add large cold material and add long runner. in conditions can can lower, can use material long comparison large injection molding parts machine, reinforcement material 塑化. black spots and strip/profile fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1）熔 material temperature degree high. material temperature high make material hot separation understanding, formed carbon material, is 避免熔 material hot separation understanding, for/regarding polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and other hot property thermoplastic material, must control material 筒尾部 temperature degree can high. 当发现塑 parts surface black spots and strip/profile rear, 应立即检查 material temperature degree control device is 否失控, 并适当 reduce material and injection molding parts mold temperature degree. value attention/notes is, if material temperature and mold temperature low, 同样会 make parts surface generate light strip/profile 纹. （2） material 筒间隙太 large. if screw and material abrasion loss 间隙太 large, combined material in material in 滞留, 导致滞留 熔 material local hot separation understanding generate black spots and strip/profile 纹. for 此, can micro reduce material temperature degree, fault/failure can troubleshooting. its 次, 应检查 material 筒, nozzle and injection molding parts mold inner has material 死角并修 abrasion light slip. above measures rear, if fault/failure still troubleshooting, and repair equipment, adjustment screw and material 筒 间隙. （3）熔 material and abrasion scratch hot. if injection speed degree fast, injection pressure high, 充模时熔 material and type 腔腔壁 versus for speed degree high, very easy generate abrasion scratch hot, make material separation understanding generate black spots and 知纹. for 此, 应适当 reduce injection speed degree and injection pressure. （4） material and injection molding parts mold gas defect. if material or injection molding parts mold gas defect, material inner gas due to hot pressure shrink 而引起燃烧, make material hot separation understanding generate black spots and strip/profile 纹. for 此, can reduce injection speed degree, in raw materials and uniform degree conditions lower, material gas structure. for/regarding injection molding parts mold separation gas defect, 应检查 gate and gas 孔位置 is positive 确, selection gate type type is combined 适; remove injection molding parts mold inner viscous anti agent and other easy material 质; decrease/reduce demolding agent use amount. in generate material flash front lower, can reduce clamping force, increase gas 间隙. in addition, 应检查 material and 顶针处 has 无渗油 fault/failure. （5）积 material 焦化. nozzle and injection molding parts mold runner combined defect 时, gate 附近会 generate material 焦化并随流 material type 腔, in parts surface formed black spots and strip/profile 纹. for 此, and adjustment nozzle and injection molding parts mold runner versus for make its combined good. in addition, if injection molding parts mold hot runner design or made as defect, material in runner inner flow 不畅滞留结焦, make parts surface generate black spots and strip/profile 纹. for 此, improve/increase hot runner surface light degree, reduce runner add hot temperature degree. （6） raw materials combined molding requirements. if raw materials in easy material content high, water property resin drying defect, recycled material use amount more, fine powder material more, raw materials color 不均, lubricant product types selection positive or use ultra- amount, different degree 导致塑 parts surface generate black spots and strip/profile 纹. for 此应针 for different 情况, versus measures, separation troubleshooting. warpage deformation fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） separation orientation 不均衡. thermoplastic property plastics warpage deformation very large degree upper 取决于塑 parts toward and toward shrinkage value, this value is separation orientation generate. usually, parts in molding process in, material flow direction upper separation orientation large 于垂直 flow direction upper separation orientation, this is due to 充模时 large separation polymer separation flow direction 排列造 formed, 充模结束 rear, by orientation separation 子形态总 is force 图恢复原 has 卷曲状态, 导致塑 parts in direction upper long degree shrink short. therefore, parts material flow direction upper shrinkage large 于垂直 flow direction upper shrinkage. due to in 两 垂直 direction upper shrinkage 不均衡, parts generate warpage deformation. is amount decrease/reduce due to separation orientation generate warpage deformation, 应创造 conditions decrease/reduce flow orientation and and orientation force 松驰, its in most is has methods is reduce material temperature degree and injection molding parts mold temperature degree. in using/adopting this methods 时, most good and parts hot 处理结 combined 起, 否则, decrease small separation orientation 差异 效果往往 is property. is material temperature and mold temperature relatively low 时, material cooling very fast, parts inner 会残留 a large amount of internal stress, make parts in in the future use process in or ring temperature degree rise high still 旧出现 warpage deformation. if parts demolding rear 立即进行 hot 处理, will its relatively high temperature degree lower maintain time again cold room temperature, can a large amount of remove parts inner orientation force, hot methods is; demolding rear will parts 立即置于37.5~43 degree temperature water in its slow cooling. （2） cooling 不当. if injection molding parts mold cooling system design combined or injection molding parts mold temperature degree control 不当, parts cooling 不足, 都会引起塑 parts warpage deformation. especially is parts thick thick thin relatively large 时, due to parts separation cooling shrinkage 不一致, parts especially easy warpage. therefore, in design parts structure 时, 各部位 断面 thick degree amount 一致. in addition, plastics parts in injection molding parts mold inner must maintain cooling type time. 例如. hard polyvinyl chloride (PVC) thermal conductivity relatively small, its parts in 心部位未完 full cooling will its demolding, parts in 心部位 hot amount to external, make parts soft deformation. for/regarding injection molding parts mold temperature degree control, according to molding parts structure 特征 确定 cationic and anionic 模, and 模壁, and parts temperature 差, from utilizing control injection molding parts mold 各部位 cooling shrinkage speed degree value orientation shrinkage 差, 避免塑 parts orientation warpage deformation. for/regarding structure full for 称 塑 parts, mold temperature versus maintain 一致, make parts 各部位 cooling 均衡. value attention/notes is, in control and temperature 差时, if 模芯处 temperature degree relatively high, parts demolding rear toward 模芯牵引 direction bending, 例如, production frame parts 时, 若模芯 temperature degree high type 腔侧, parts demolding rear frame toward inner bending, especially is material temperature relatively low 时, due to material flow direction shrinkage relatively large, bending phenomenon more is heavy. also attention/notes is, 模芯部位 very easy hot, must cooling 当, 当模芯处 temperature degree drop lower 时, improve/increase type temperature degree is types 辅助手段. for/regarding injection molding parts mold cooling system design, must attention/notes will cooling pipeline in temperature degree easy rise high, hot amount comparison in 部位, for/regarding that comparison easy cooling 部位, amount 进行缓 cold, make parts 各部位 cooling 均衡. usually, injection molding parts mold type and type separation cooling, cooling and type 腔 距离应适 in, 不宜太远 or 太近, generally control in 15~25mm scope/range inner; water 孔 直径应 large 于8mm, cooling small deep degree can shallow, water tube/pipe and tube/pipe inner and cooling 孔直径 versus and other, cooling inner water 流状态应 is 紊流, speed control in 0.6~1.0m/s scope/range inner, cooling water 孔 总 long degree in 1.2~1.5m below/following, pressure loss large; cooling water and export temperature degree value can large, especially is for/regarding more injection molding parts mold, temperature control in 2 degree below/following. （3） injection molding parts mold system combined 理. injection molding parts mold system structure parameters is effect/influence parts dimensions important factors, especially is injection molding parts mold gate design and to material in injection molding parts mold inner flow features, parts internal stress formed and hot shrinkage deformation and other. combined 理 确定 gate and gate type type, can relatively large degree decrease/reduce parts deformation. in gate 位置时, need make material impact type 芯, make type 芯两侧受 force uniform; for/regarding relatively large 矩形扁平塑 parts, using/adopting separation orientation and shrinkage large resin raw materials 时, using/adopting film gate or more 点式侧 gate, amount need using/adopting gate or distribution in strip/profile upper gate; for/regarding sheet/slice parts, using/adopting more 点式针 gate or 直接式 in gate, amount need using/adopting gate; for/regarding ring type parts, using/adopting gate or 轮辐式十字 gate, amount need using/adopting gate or gate; for/regarding housing/shell parts, using/adopting gate, amount need using/adopting gate. in addition, in design injection molding parts mold system 时, for material flow features, make material in process in amount unchanged flow, this 样, tube/pipe molding rear parts in versus 互垂直 direction upper shrinkage has 差别, 但不会引起 very large warpage deformation. （4） injection molding parts mold demolding and gas system design combined 理. if parts in demolding process in to relatively large 不均衡 outer force function make its structure generate relatively large warpage deformation. 例如, injection molding parts mold type demolding degree 不够, parts ejection difficult, ejection 面积太 small or distribution 不均, demolding plastics parts separation ejection speed degree 不一致以 and ejection fast or slow, injection molding parts mold plant/unit and parts 设置不当, type bending or injection molding parts mold strong/high degree 不足, degree 太差, can and other 都会导致塑 parts warpage deformation. for 此, in injection molding parts mold design 方面, combined 理确定 demolding degree, 顶杆位置 and amount, improve/increase injection molding parts mold strong/high degree and 定位精 degree; for/regarding in small type injection molding parts mold, can according to warpage design and made as warpage injection molding parts mold, will type 腔事先 made formed and warpage direction versus 反 曲面, orientation deformation, this type of methods relatively difficult 掌握, need 反复试 made and 修模, generally used for amount very large parts. in injection molding parts mold as 方面, 应适当 decrease slow ejection speed degree or increase ejection 行程. in addition, injection molding parts mold gas defect for/regarding parts warpage deformation has effect/influence, 应予以 attention/notes. for/regarding easy warpage deformation parts, can using/adopting 整形处理 technology, parts 放入适 combined its outer type structure made tool in strong/high made type, need attention/notes for tool in parts can add pressure, let its shrinkage, can 适当辅以 cooling make parts fast type; for/regarding turnover box and other type parts, can utilizing sheet/plate or frame type, anti its shrinkage or 膨胀. （5） process as 不当. in process as process in, if injection pressure low, injection speed degree slow, amount conditions lower holding pressure time and injection, cycle short, material non-uniform, raw materials drying 处理时烘 material temperature degree high and parts 退火处理 process control 不当, 都会导致塑 parts warpage deformation. for 此, for specific 情况, separation adjustment for process parameters. dimensions unstable fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） type conditions 不一致 or as 不当. injection molding parts molding 时, temperature degree, pressure and time and other process parameters, must according to process requirements control, especially is types parts molding cycle must 一致, can 随意变动. if injection pressure low, holding pressure time short, mold temperature low or non-uniform, material and nozzle temperature degree high, parts cooling 不足, 都会导致塑 parts dimensions unstable. generally lower, using/adopting relatively high injection pressure and injection speed degree, 适当延 long and holding pressure time, improve/increase mold temperature and material temperature, has 利克服 dimensions unstable fault/failure. if parts molding rear outer type dimensions large requirements dimensions, 应适当 reduce injection pressure and material temperature degree, improve/increase injection molding parts mold temperature degree, shrink short time, decrease small gate 截面积, from improve/increase parts shrinkage rate. molding rear parts dimensions small requirements dimensions, 则应采取 and versus molding conditions. value attention/notes is, ring temperature degree for parts molding dimensions 波动也 has effect/influence, according to external ring 境 变化 and adjustment equipment and injection molding parts mold process temperature degree. （2） molding raw materials selection 不当. molding raw materials shrinkage rate for parts dimensions degree effect/influence very large. if molding equipment and injection molding parts mold degree very high, molding raw materials shrinkage rate very large, very difficult ensure parts dimensions degree. generally lower, molding raw materials shrinkage rate large, parts dimensions degree difficult ensure. therefore, in selection molding resin 时, must separation raw materials molding rear shrinkage rate for parts dimensions degree effect/influence. for/regarding selection raw materials, its shrinkage rate scope/range can large parts dimensions degree requirements. attention/notes various resin shrinkage rate relatively large, according to resin crystallization degree analysis. usually, crystallization type and semi crystallization type resin shrinkage rate ratio non crystallization type resin large, but also shrinkage rate scope/range comparison large, and for 应 塑 parts molding rear generate shrinkage rate 波动也 comparison large; for/regarding crystallization type resin, crystallization degree high, separation 子体积 shrink small, parts shrinkage large, resin large small for shrinkage rate has effect/influence, small, separation 子间 空隙 small, parts shrinkage relatively small, parts impact strong/high degree comparison high. in addition, if molding raw materials pellets large small 不均, drying defect, recycled material and new material mixed combined non-uniform, raw materials property can different, 也会引起塑 parts molding dimensions 波动. （3） injection molding parts mold fault/failure. injection molding parts mold structure design and manufacturing degree effect/influence to parts dimensions degree, in molding process in, injection molding parts mold rigid property or mold cavity inner molding pressure high, make injection molding parts mold generate deformation, 就肝造 formed parts molding dimensions unstable. if injection molding parts mold and sleeve/set 间 配 combined due to manufacturing degree or abrasion loss more ultra- 差, make parts molding dimensions degree decline. if molding raw materials inner has hard filler or glass fiber reinforcement material mold cavity heavy abrasion loss, or using/adopting more molding 时, type has and gate, runner and other and material balanced defect and other causes generate 充模不一致, 也都会引起 dimensions 波动. therefore, in design injection molding parts mold 时, design injection molding parts mold strong/high degree and rigid property, control processing degree, injection molding parts mold type material use wear resistant material, type surface most good hot and cold hard 化处理. parts dimensions degree requirements very high 时, most good using/adopting more structure 形式, is ensure parts molding degree, must in injection molding parts mold upper 设置一 series ensure injection molding parts mold degree plant/unit, injection molding parts mold made as cost very high. parts 出现偏 thick 误差时, 往往也 is injection molding parts mold fault/failure formed. if is in 一模一腔 conditions lower parts thick generate thick 误差, generally is due to injection molding parts mold 安装误差 and defect mold cavity and type versus for 位置偏移. 此时, for/regarding that thick dimensions requirements very 精确 塑 parts, can 仅靠导柱 and sleeve/set 定位, must increase other plant/unit; if is in more conditions lower generate thick 误差, generally lower, molding 开始时误差 relatively small, 但连续运转 rear 误差逐渐变 large, this main/primary is due to mold cavity and type 芯间 误差造 formed, especially is using/adopting hot runner molding most easy generate this type of phenomenon. for 此, can in injection molding parts mold inner temperature degree very small di cooling 回路. if is molding thin type container, can using/adopting type 芯, type and mold cavity must 同心. in addition, in made as injection molding parts mold 时, is 便于修模, generally is 习惯于 will type ratio requirements dimensions small 一, type ratio requirements dimensions large 一, 留出一定 修模余 amount. parts molding inner small outer 径时, 芯销应做 large 一, this is due to molding 孔处塑 parts shrinkage is large its it 部位, but also toward direction shrinkage. 反之, parts molding inner 径接近于 outer 径时, can small 一. （4） equipment fault/failure. if molding equipment 塑化容 amount 不足, add material system material unstable, screw speed unstable, function 失常, liquid pressure system 止回阀失灵, temperature degree control system hot electrical bad, add hot device and other, 都会导致塑 parts molding dimensions unstable. this fault/failure need rear can 采取针 for property measures troubleshooting. （5） testing methods or conditions 不一致. if 测定塑 parts dimensions methods, time, temperature degree different, dimensions has very large 差异. its in temperature degree conditions for testing effect/influence most large, this is is plastics thermal expansion coefficient need ratio metal large industrial 10倍. therefore, must using/adopting standards methods and temperature degree conditions 测定塑 parts structure dimensions, and parts must separation cooling type rear can 进行测 amount. generally parts in demolding 式10 small inner dimensions is very large, 24 small basic type. 十二 凹陷 and shrink fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） molding conditions control 不当. if injection pressure low, injection and holding pressure time short, injection speed rate slow, material temperature and mold temperature high, parts cooling 不足, demolding temperature degree high, parts temperature degree low or material 不足, 都会引起塑 parts surface 出现凹陷 or 桔皮状 fine micro 凹凸不平. for 此, 应适当 improve/increase injection pressure and injection speed degree, increase material pressure shrink density, long injection and holding pressure time, melt shrinkage, increase injection amount. holding pressure can high, 否则会引起凸痕. if and shrink 痕发生 in gate 附近时, can through long holding pressure time solution. parts in thick generate 凹陷时, 应适当延 long parts in inner cooling time. if parts due to melt local shrinkage 引起凹陷 and shrink 痕, this main/primary is due to parts temperature degree low formed, method improve/increase parts temperature degree. if injection molding parts machine nozzle small or nozzle local retardant 塞, 也会因 is injection pressure local loss large 引起凹陷 and shrink 痕. for 此, more nozzle or 进行清理. if due to material 不足引起塑 parts surface 凹陷, increase material amount. in addition, parts in inner cooling must separation. 一方面 can through adjustment material temperature degree, reduce material temperature degree; 另一方面, can 采取改变 injection molding parts mold cooling system 设置, reduce cooling water temperature degree, or in amount maintain injection molding parts mold surface and 各部位 uniform cooling front lower, for generate 凹陷 部位适当 strong/high cooling. 否则, parts in cooling conditions lower demolding, very easy generate shrinkage 凹陷, but also also due to hard demolding 导致塑 parts in local 凹陷. （2） injection molding parts mold defect. if injection molding parts mold runner and gate 截面太 small, retardant force large, gate 设置不 for 称, speed degree 不均衡, material 口位置设置不 combined 理, and injection molding parts mold gas defect effect/influence material, shrink and cooling, or injection molding parts mold abrasion loss 引起释 pressure, 都会导致塑 parts surface generate and shrink 痕, for 此, combined specific 情况, expand large gate and 浇道截面, gate 位置尽 amount in for 称处, material 口应设置 in parts thick 壁 部位. if and shrink 痕发生 in gate 处, generally is due to injection molding parts mold structure in certain 一部位熔 material flow 不畅, pressure 传递. for 此, 应适当 expand large injection molding parts mold system structure dimensions, especially is for/regarding retardant material flow “ bottle 颈”处必 must increase 注道截面, most good is will 注道延伸 to generate 凹陷 部位. for/regarding thick parts, excellent using/adopting gate. this 样, for/regarding 不适宜 will gate 直接设置 in parts upper and molding rear easy in gate generate deformation parts, can in parts upper 附设一 翼形体, again will gate in small upper, in small upper gate can using/adopting gate and gate, will parts defect to small upper, parts molding rear again will small remove. in addition, 应经常检查 injection molding parts mold is in abrasion consumption pressure or gas defect, and more injection molding parts mold in easy consumption easy loss parts or improvement injection molding parts mold gas conditions. （3） raw materials combined molding requirements. if molding raw materials shrinkage rate large or flow property can 太差, and raw materials inner lubricant or raw materials wet, 都会引起塑 parts surface generate and shrink 痕. therefore, for/regarding surface requirements comparison high parts, amount selection low shrinkage rate resin grade. if due to material flow 不畅引起欠注凹陷, can in raw materials in increase amount lubricant, improvement material flow property, or add large system structure dimensions. if due to raw materials wet 引起塑 parts surface generate 凹陷, for raw materials 进行预 dry 处理. （4）塑 parts structure design combined 理. if parts 各处 壁 thick versus very large 时, thick 壁部位 due to pressure 不足, molding very easy generate and shrink 痕. therefore, design parts structure 时, thick amount 一致. for/regarding 特殊情况, parts thick relatively large, can through adjustment system structure parameters solution. bubbles and true fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） molding conditions control 不当. many process parameters for generate bubbles and true 空泡都 has effect/influence. if injection pressure low, injection speed degree fast, injection time and cycle short, add material amount more or less, holding pressure 不足, cooling non-uniform or cooling 不足, and material temperature and mold temperature control 不当, 都会引起塑 parts inner generate bubbles. especially is high speed injection 时, injection molding parts mold inner gas 体 不 and 排出, 导致熔 material inner gas more, for 此, 应适当 reduce injection speed degree. 不, if speed degree drop more, injection pressure low, difficult will material inner gas 体排尽, very easy generate bubbles and and 欠注, therefore, adjustment injection speed degree and pressure especially heavy. in addition, can through adjustment injection and holding pressure time, improvement cooling conditions, control add material amount and other methods generate bubbles and true 空泡. if parts cooling conditions relatively 差, can will parts demolding rear 立即放入 hot water in cold, make its inner outer cooling speed degree 趋于一致. in control injection molding parts mold temperature degree and material temperature degree 时, attention/notes temperature degree can high, 否则会引起熔 material drop poly separation understanding, generate a large amount of gas or amount shrinkage, formed bubbles or shrink 孔; temperature degree low, also formed material pressure 实不足, parts internal easy generate 空隙, formed bubbles. generally lower, will material, temperature degree control is low 一, injection molding parts mold temperature degree control is high 一. in this process conditions lower, 既不容 easy generate a large amount of gas 体, also easy generate shrink 孔. in control material temperature degree 时, material temperature degree can high, 否则会 generate 回流返 material bubbles. （2） injection molding parts mold defect. if injection molding parts mold gate 位置不 positive or gate 截面太 small, runner and separation runner long narrow, runner inner has gas or injection molding parts mold gas defect, 都会引起 bubbles or true 空. therefore, 应首先确定 injection molding parts mold defect is generate bubbles and true main/primary causes. rear, for specific 情况, adjustment injection molding parts mold structure parameters, especially is gate 位置应设置 in parts thick 壁处. selection gate 形式时, due to gate generate true phenomenon comparison 突出, amount selection, this is due to holding pressure rear, type in pressure ratio gate front pressure high, 若此时直接 gate 处 熔 material 尚未冻结, 就会发生熔 material phenomenon, make parts internal formed 孔洞. in gate 形式无 method 改变 情况 lower, can through long holding pressure time, add large material amount, decrease small gate degree and other methods adjustment. gate 截面不 can small, especially is meanwhile molding several different parts 时, must attention/notes gate large small need and parts weight formed ratio/proportion, 否则, relatively large parts easy generate bubbles. in addition, shrink short and add wide fine long narrow runner, remove runner in gas 死角, troubleshooting injection molding parts mold gas defect fault/failure. design injection molding parts mold 时, amount 避免塑 parts upper has thick separation or thick thin 悬殊太 large. （3） raw materials combined use requirements. if molding raw materials in water separation or easy material content ultra- 标, material fine small or large small non-uniform, 导致供 material process in mixed gas more, raw materials shrinkage rate large, material melt 指数太 large or small, recycled material content more, effect/influence parts generate bubbles and true 空泡. for 此, separation using/adopting drying raw materials, remove fine material, more resin, decrease/reduce recycled material use amount and other methods solution. 十四 烧焦 and fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） melt 破裂. melt in high speed, high pressure conditions lower 注入容积 relatively large type 腔时, easy generate melt phenomenon, 此时, melt surface 出现横 toward fracture, fracture is coarse 糙 夹杂 in parts table/sheet formed 糊斑. especially is a small amount of material 直接注入容 easy large type 腔时, melt more is heavy, 呈现 糊斑也就越 large. melt essence is due to high poly material material elastic property is generate, material in material in flow 时, material 筒附近 熔 material to abrasion scratch, anionic force relatively large, material flow speed degree relatively small, material from nozzle 注出, tube/pipe function anionic force 消失, material in 部 熔 material speed high, 筒壁处 熔 material by in 心处 熔 material belt/tape accelerated, due to material flow is versus for 连续, inner outer material flow speed degree will heavy new 排列, 趋于平均 speed degree. in process in, material will 发生急剧 应 force will generate 应变, injection speed degree fast, to force especially large, large material can force, melt 破裂. if material in runner in has 突然 形状变化, 如直径 shrinkage, expand large and 出现死角 and other, material in 死角处停留 and ring, it and positive material force different, 剪切形变 relatively large, its mixed positive material in 注出时, due to 两者 形变恢复不一致, can combined, 若悬殊 very large, 则发生 fracture 破裂, its performance 形式也 is melt 破裂. upper can 知, need 克服困 melt 破裂, generate 糊斑, is need attention/notes remove runner in 死角, make runner amount 流线化; is improve/increase material temperature, decrease/reduce material time, make its 形变容 easy and combined; is in raw materials in add low separation material, is material molecular weight low, distribution wide, has decrease light elastic property 效应; is control injection speed degree and screw speed; is combined 理设置 gate and selection positive gate 形式, this versus important, table/sheet 明, using/adopting expand large type gate, gate （隧道 gate ） relatively is 理想. gate most good selection in material 先注入 渡腔 rear again relatively large 容腔, need make material 直接进入 relatively large 容腔. （2） molding conditions control 不当. this is 导致塑 parts surface generate and important causes, especially is injection speed degree large small for its effect/influence very large, material slow speed type 腔时, material flow is 层流; injection speed degree upper rise to value 时, flow 状态逐渐变 is 紊流. generally lower, 层流形 formed parts surface relatively is light 亮平整, conditions lower formed parts not only surface easy 出现糊斑, but also parts internal easy generate gas 孔. therefore, injection speed degree can high, will material control in 层流状态 lower 充模. if material temperature degree high, easy 引起熔 material separation understanding 焦化, 导致塑 parts surface generate 糊斑. generally injection molding parts machine screw 转数应 small 于90r/min, back pressure small 于2mpa, this can material generate amount scratch hot. if molding process in due to screw 退回时 旋转 time long generate amount abrasion scratch hot, can through increase screw speed, long molding cycle, reduce screw back pressure, improve/increase material material temperature degree and using/adopting lubricated property raw materials and other methods 予以克服. injection process in, material 沿螺槽回流太 more and ring has resin 滞留, 都会导致熔 material drop poly separation understanding. for 此, selection viscosity relatively high resin, reduce injection pressure, use long comparison large injection molding parts machine. injection molding parts machine commonly used ring comparison easy 引起滞留, make its separation understanding color, separation understanding color understanding material type rear, formed color or black 焦点. for 此, 应定期清理以 nozzle is in screw system. （3） injection molding parts mold fault/failure. if injection molding parts mold gas by demolding agent and raw materials solid material retardant 塞, injection molding parts mold gas 设置不够 or 位置不 positive 确, and speed degree fast, injection molding parts mold inner and 排出 空 gas hot pressure shrink generate high temperature gas 体都会 make resin separation understanding 焦化. for 此, remove retardant material, reduce clamping force, improvement injection molding parts mold gas defect. injection molding parts mold gate and 位置 确定也 versus important, in design 时应充 separation 考虑熔 material flow and injection molding parts mold gas property can. in addition, demolding agent use amount can more, type surface need maintain relatively high light degree. （4） raw materials combined molding requirements. if raw materials in water separation and easy material content high, melt flow index large, lubricant use amount 都会引起烧焦 and fault/failure. for 此, use material drying device or its it drying methods raw materials, use melt relatively small resin and decrease/reduce lubricant use amount. 十五 变 color and color 泽不均 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） color agent quality combined use requirements. color agent property can 直接关系 to parts molding rear color quality. if color agent dispersion property can, heat stabilized property can and pellets 形态不 can meet/satisfy process requirements, can can production color good products. has color agent 形态呈 aluminum and thin sheet/slice 状, mixed material in molding rear formed direction property 排列, 导致塑 parts surface color 泽不均. has color agent use dry mixed methods, and raw materials rear viscous in material surface, material rear dispersion property good, color 泽不均. if color agent or additives heat stabilized property can 差, in material in very easy hot separation understanding, 导致塑 parts color. in addition, color agent very easy in gas in, in material and other 部位, injection molding parts machine and injection molding parts mold, 引起塑 parts surface color 泽不均. therefore, in selection color agent for process conditions and parts color requirements true 筛选, especially is for/regarding heat resistant temperature degree, dispersion features and other comparison important indicators must meet/satisfy process requirements, color agent most good using/adopting wet mixed methods. if injection molding parts equipment and injection molding parts mold to color agent 污染, 应彻底清理 material 斗, material and injection molding parts mold type 腔. （2） raw materials combined use requirements. if raw materials in easy material content high, mixed has material or drying defect; fiber reinforcement raw materials molding rear fiber filler distribution 不均, poly outer or parts surface and solvent agent rear resin solvent 失, fiber 裸露; resin crystallization property can 太差, effect/influence parts transparent degree, 都会导致塑 parts surface color 泽不均. in addition, high impact resistance polystyrene (PS) and ABS and other raw materials molding rear internal stress relatively large, generate force color. for above fault/failure, is remove raw materials in material, raw materials, for raw materials 进行预 drying 处理, decrease/reduce raw materials in water separation; is through adjustment process parameters, improvement resin in fiber distribution 状态, amount decrease/reduce lubricant and demolding agent use amount; is use crystallization property can relatively good resin or through control parts cooling conditions improvement material crystallization property can; is for/regarding easy generate molding internal stress raw materials using/adopting can decrease/reduce molding internal stress process conditions. （3） molding conditions combined 理. color 泽不均往往因反映 phenomenon different, its generate causes has different. material 口附近 or 熔接部位 color 泽不均, generally is due to color agent distribution non-uniform or color agent property 质不符 combined use requirements formed. if 整 塑 parts color or color 泽不均, and molding process conditions has 关, material temperature degree high 时, high temperature material in material in easy hot separation understanding, make parts color. nozzle temperature degree high, material in nozzle 处焦化积留, 也会引起塑 parts surface color 泽不均. in addition, screw speed, injection back pressure and injection pressure high, injection and holding pressure time long, injection speed degree fast, defect, material inner has 死角以 and lubricant use amount more, 都会导致塑 parts surface color 泽不均. is anti material in high temperature material in time long generate hot separation understanding, injection amount ultra- injection molding parts machine injection can force separation 之二. material or nozzle has 焦化熔 material 积留时, 应彻底清理 material 筒, remove and nozzle, nozzle and sleeve/set is for 齐, 并适当 reduce nozzle temperature degree. for/regarding screw speed, back pressure, injection pressure, injection and holding pressure time and other process parameters adjustment, can according to 实际情况, according to adjustment 原则进行 micro 调. （4） injection molding parts mold issues. if injection molding parts mold inner machine 油, demolding agent or and abrasion scratch material mixed material inner, injection molding parts mold gas defect and injection molding parts mold cooling non-uniform, 都会导致塑 parts surface color. therefore, injection molding parts front ensure mold cavity 清洁. is decrease/reduce gas defect effect/influence, can decrease/reduce clamping force, or heavy new gate, will gas 孔设置 in most rear 充模处. due to injection molding parts mold temperature degree for/regarding material solid crystallization degree effect/influence relatively large, make injection molding parts mold uniform cooling. 例如, in molding polyamide (PA) and other crystallization type plastics 时, injection molding parts mold temperature degree relatively low, material crystallization slow, parts surface transparent color; injection molding parts mold temperature degree relatively high, material crystallization relatively fast, parts formed is semi transparent or white. for 此, can through adjustment injection molding parts mold and material temperature degree control parts surface color 泽. surface gloss defect fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods injection molding parts mold fault/failure. due to parts surface is injection molding parts mold type again 现, if injection molding parts mold surface has 伤痕, 腐蚀, micro and other surface defects, 就会复映 to parts surface generate gloss defect. type surface has 油污, water separation, demolding agent use amount more or selection 不当, make parts surface dark. therefore, injection molding parts mold type surface tool has relatively good light degree, most good 采取抛 light or surface 镀铬. type surface must maintain 清洁, and remove and water 渍. demolding agent product types and use amount need 适当. injection molding parts mold temperature degree for parts surface quality has very large effect/influence, usually, different types type plastics in different mold temperature conditions lower surface gloss relatively large, mold temperature high or low 都会导致 gloss defect. mold temperature low, material and injection molding parts mold type 腔接触 rear solid 化, make injection molding parts mold type again property decline. is increase gloss, can improve/increase mold temperature, most good is using/adopting in injection molding parts mold cooling in temperature water methods, make hot amount in type in speed 传递, 以免延 long molding cycle, this type of methods also can decrease/reduce molding in residual stress. generally lower, remove polystyrene (PS), ABS, AS outer, mold temperature can control in 100 degree above. must attention/notes, mold temperature high, 也会导致塑 parts surface dark. in addition, demolding degree small, thick degree 突变, strip/profile thick and gate and 浇道截面太 small or 突然变化, system function large, material 呈湍流态 flow, injection molding parts mold gas defect and other injection molding parts mold fault/failure effect/influence parts surface quality, surface gloss defect. （2） molding conditions control 不当. if injection speed degree fast or slow, injection pressure low, holding pressure time short, increase pressure device pressure 不够, 缓冲垫 large, nozzle small or temperature degree low, fiber reinforcement plastics filler dispersion property can 太差, filler outer or aluminum filler direction property distribution, material temperature degree low, material defect and material 不足, 都会导致塑 parts surface gloss defect. for 此, for specific 情况进行 adjustment. in gate or 变截面处 generate dark 区, can through reduce injection speed rate, gate 位置, expand large gate 面积以 and in 变截面处 increase 圆弧 渡 and other to methods troubleshooting. parts surface has thin thin white, can reduce injection speed degree. if due to filler dispersion property can 太差导致 surface gloss defect, use flow property can relatively good resin or use mixing/compounding can force relatively strong/high screw. （3） molding raw materials combined use requirements. raw materials combined use requirements 也会导致塑 parts surface gloss defect. its generate causes and methods lower: A molding raw materials in water separation or other easy material content high, molding 时挥发 formed separation in injection molding parts mold type and material shrink, 导致塑 parts surface gloss defect. for raw materials 进行预 drying 处理. B raw materials or color agent separation understanding color gloss defect. selection resistant temperature relatively high raw materials and color agent. C raw materials flow property can 太差, make parts surface 不密导致 gloss defect. use flow property can relatively good resin or increase use amount lubricant and improve/increase processing temperature degree. D raw materials in mixed has material or versus solvent raw materials. use new material. E raw materials degree non-uniform. remove 粒径差异太 large raw materials. F crystallization type resin due to cooling 不均导致 gloss defect. combined control mold temperature and processing temperature degree, for/regarding thick parts, if cooling 不足, make parts surface 发毛, gloss dark, solution methods is will parts from injection molding parts mold in rear, 立即放入浸 in cold water in cold pressure in cooling type. G raw materials in recycled material use ratio/proportion high, effect/influence material uniform 塑化. decrease/reduce its use amount. 十七 杂质 and cold material block fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） molding raw materials combined requirements. if molding raw materials in packaging, 运输, preheating and drying and other process in mixed 入杂质 or different product grade raw materials mixed use, raw materials 粒径不匀 or large, make molding parts in has material 杂质. for 此, 应筛出 raw materials in material 杂质, selection uniform raw materials. in 预处理 and molding process in, need anti powder and other material from material 斗, material and injection molding parts mold mixed material in. （2） process conditions control 不当. its generate causes and methods lower: A material temperature low, material defect. 应适当 improve/increase material temperature degree. B material temperature high or molding cycle long, material separation understanding 变质. reduce material temperature and shrink short molding cycle. C mold temperature and nozzle temperature degree low generate cold material 粒. 应适当 improve/increase injection molding parts mold and nozzle temperature degree. D injection molding parts machine can force 不足, 塑化容 amount 接近塑 parts weight, make molding time very short. use relatively large specifications injection molding parts machine. E injection molding parts mold structure combined 理. if injection molding parts mold runner and separation runner cold material or 定位不当, cold material type in in parts inner formed block. for 此, increase cold material 穴. for/regarding 直接进 material type injection molding parts mold, due to has cold material 穴, parts in 经常出现 cold material 斑. for 此, in as process in, must in front nozzle in cold material 拿掉. in mold opening parts 时, need 主浇道 in cold material remove, cold material type 腔. mold sticking and demolding defect fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） injection molding parts mold fault/failure. generate mold sticking and demolding defect causes is more 方面, injection molding parts mold fault/failure is its in main/primary causes 之一. its generate causes and product methods lower: A injection molding parts mold type surface coarse 糙, if injection molding parts mold type and runner inner has 凿纹, 刻痕, 伤痕, and other surface defects, parts very easy viscous in injection molding parts mold inner, demolding difficult. therefore, amount improve/increase mold cavity and runner surface light degree, type inner surface most good 镀铬, in 进行抛 light 处理时, light tool as direction and material direction 一致. B injection molding parts mold abrasion loss or block 处缝隙太 large. material in injection molding parts mold 划伤 部位 or block inner generate flash 时, 也会引起 demolding difficult. for 此, 应修复 loss 伤部位 and decrease small block 缝隙. C injection molding parts mold rigid property 不足. if rigid injection injection molding parts mold 就打不开, table/sheet injection molding parts mold due to rigid property 不足, in injection pressure function lower generate 形变. if ultra- elastic property 极限, injection molding parts mold method 恢复原状, can use. make 形变未 ultra- 出 injection molding parts mold elastic property 极限, material in mold cavity inner very high conditions lower cooling solid 化, remove injection pressure, injection molding parts mold 恢复形变 rear, parts to elastic force function by 夹住, injection molding parts mold still method 打开. therefore, in design injection molding parts mold 时, must design rigid property and strong/high degree. mold trial 时, most good in injection molding parts mold upper per mille table/sheet, mold cavity and in process in is deformation, mold trial 时 起始 injection injection pressure need high, 应一边观察 injection molding parts mold deformation amount, slow slow rise high injection pressure, will deformation amount control in scope/range inner. 当发生回 elastic force large 引起夹模 fault/failure 时, add large mold opening force is 不行, upper will injection molding parts mold lower separation understanding, will parts add hot soft rear 取出. for/regarding rigid property injection molding parts mold, can in injection molding parts mold outer made frame 架, high rigidity. D demolding degree or 动, sheet/plate 间平行 degree 差. in design and made as injection molding parts mold 时, ensure demolding degree, 否则塑 parts very difficult demolding, strong/high ejection 时, 往往造 formed parts warpage, ejection 部位发白 or cracking and other. injection molding parts mold 动, sheet/plate need versus for 平行, 否则会导致 type 腔偏移, formed demolding defect. E浇注 system design combined 理. if 浇道太 long, small, 主浇道 and separation 浇道连接部 separation strong/high degree 不够, 主浇道无 cold material 穴, gate balanced defect, 主浇道直径 and nozzle 孔直径搭配不当 or gate sleeve/set and nozzle 球面不吻 combined, 都会导致 mold sticking and demolding defect. therefore, 应适当 shrink short long degree and increase its 截面积, improve/increase runner and separation runner 连接部位 strong/high degree, in runner upper 应设置 cold material 穴. gate 位置时, can through increase gate and other methods balanced more injection molding parts mold in type 腔 充模 speed rate and decrease/reduce mold cavity inner pressure. generally lower, runner small 端直径应 ratio nozzle large 0.5~1mm, gate sleeve/set semi ratio nozzle semi large 1~2mm. F ejection machine design combined or as 不当. if ejection plant/unit 行程不足, ejection 不均衡 or sheet/plate as defect, 都会导致塑 parts method demolding. in conditions 充许 情况 lower, amount increase has ejection 面积, ensure ejection 行程, parts ejection speed degree control in scope/range, can fast or slow. sheet/plate as defect main/primary causes is due to sliding parts viscous 滞. 例如, sheet/plate slip as 时, slip 芯处无 cooling plant/unit, its temperature degree ratio other type high, in 连续运转时, 立柱本体 and slip 芯间 间隙极 small, generate viscous 滞导致抽芯动 as defect, also 如, 当顶销孔 and sheet/plate toward 销 平行 degree defect or bending 时, sheet/plate 就会动 as defect. in machine in 不设止销, sheet/plate and sheet/plate has material 时, sheet/plate 倾斜, its rear sheet/plate as defect. in in, large type injection molding parts mold in, if has 一根顶杆 function 时, sheet/plate can 均衡顶推, generate as defect. G injection molding parts mold gas defect or 模芯无进 gas 口也会引起 mold sticking and demolding defect. improvement injection molding parts mold gas conditions, 模芯处应设置进 gas 孔. H mold temperature control or cooling time long short 不适当. if in separation type difficult demolding 时, can improve/increase injection molding parts mold temperature degree and shrink short cooling time. in type 腔面处 difficult demolding 时, can reduce injection molding parts mold temperature degree or increase cooling time. in addition, temperature degree high, 也会导致 demolding defect. injection molding parts mold type 腔材质 is more soft material 时会引起 mold sticking. for 此, use hard 质钢材 or surface electroplating 处理. I浇道拉出 defect, gate 无拉钓 machine 构, separation type below/following low 凹, type 腔边线 ultra- clamping and other injection molding parts mold defect different degree effect/influence parts demolding. for 此, 应引起 attention/notes 并予以修整. （2） process conditions control 不当. if injection molding parts machine specifications relatively large, screw speed high, injection pressure large, injection holding pressure time long, 就会形 formed amount filling, make molding shrinkage ratio small, demolding this difficult. if material and material temperature degree high, injection pressure large, hot material very easy injection molding parts mold block 间 缝隙 in generate flash, demolding defect. in addition, nozzle temperature degree low, cooling time short and material 断流, 都会引起 demolding defect. therefore, in troubleshooting mold sticking and demolding defect fault/failure 时, 应适当 reduce injection pressure, shrink short injection time, reduce material and material temperature degree, long cooling time, and anti material and other. （3） raw materials combined use requirements. if raw materials in packaging and 运输时 mixed 入杂质, or drying and preheating process in different product grade raw materials mixed use, and material and material in mixed material, 都会导致塑 parts mold sticking. in addition, raw materials 粒径不匀 or large for mold sticking has 一定程 degree effect/influence. therefore, for/regarding molding raw materials good 净化筛选工 as. （4） demolding agent use 不当. use demolding agent is decrease/reduce parts surface and injection molding parts mold type surface viscous force, anti 止两者 versus viscous, shrink short molding cycle, improve/increase parts surface quality. is, due to demolding agent demolding 效果既受 chemical function effect/influence, material conditions effect/influence, but also, molding raw materials and processing conditions has different, demolding agent most product types and use amount must according to specific 情况 确定. if use 不当, 往往不 can generate good demolding 效果. molding temperature degree 而言, 脂肪油 type demolding agent has as temperature degree generally ultra- 150 degree, in high temperature molding 时不宜 use; silicon and metal type demolding agent as temperature degree generally is 150 degree ~250 degree; PTFE type demolding agent as temperature degree can to 260 degree above, is high temperature conditions lower demolding most good demolding agent. raw materials product types 而言, soft polymer parts ratio hard polymer parts difficult demolding. use methods 而言, demolding agent need use coating 刷, can spray coating demolding agent use spray coating plant/unit spray coating. due to demolding agent in coating difficult formed uniform 模层, demolding rear parts surface has 波浪痕 or strip/profile 纹, therefore, can can use can spray coating demolding agent. nozzle fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） process conditions as 不当. its generate causes and product methods lower: A nozzle local temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce nozzle temperature degree. B熔 material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree or shrink short cycle, and in nozzle inner 设置滤 material 网. C material inner pressure high. 应适当 reduce injection pressure and decrease/reduce pressure time, shrink short injection time, D nozzle large. use small nozzle, or use elastic 簧针阀式 nozzle and degree nozzle. （2） raw materials wet combined use requirements. molding raw materials water separation content high, 也会引起 nozzle 流涎. for 此, drying raw materials or use material drying device. （3） hot runner injection molding parts mold design combined 理. in hot runner injection molding parts mold in, is anti nozzle 流涎, 应设置 can 释放集流腔 in residual stress plant/unit. 第二节 polyolefin type plastics fault/failure generate causes and troubleshooting methods 一 欠注 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase material and nozzle temperature degree. （2） molding cycle short. 应适当 add long. （3） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） injection speed degree slow. 应适当 add fast. （5） holding pressure time short. 应适当延 long. （6） 供 material 不足. increase material amount. （7） screw back pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （8） 浇注 system structure dimensions small. 应适当放 large gate and runner 截面. （9） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can. （10） injection molding parts mold strong/high degree 不够. amount improve/increase injection molding parts mold rigid property. shrink fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） holding pressure time short. 应适当延 long. （3） cooling time short. 应适当 improve/increase cooling efficiency or long cooling time. （4） 供 material amount 不足. increase material amount. （5） injection molding parts mold temperature degree non-uniform. combined 理设置 injection molding parts mold cooling system. （6） 塑 parts thick. in can can 变动 情况 lower adjustment. （7） 浇注 system structure dimensions small. 应适当放 large gate and runner 截面. 三 熔接痕 and material fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase material and nozzle temperature degree. （2） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） injection speed degree slow. 应适当 add fast. （4） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （5） 塑 parts structure design combined or thin. in can can 变动 情况 lower adjustment. （6） 浇注 system structure dimensions small. 应适当放 large gate and runner 截面. （7） injection molding parts mold inner cold material small. 应适当 add large. （8） raw materials inner mixed material 杂质. 应进行清 remove. （9） demolding agent use amount more. amount decrease/reduce its use amount. （10） raw materials color non-uniform. long mixed color time, make raw materials color uniform. gloss defect fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase material and nozzle temperature degree. （2） molding cycle long. 应适当 shrink short. （3） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） 浇注 system structure dimensions small. 应适当放 large gate and runner 截面. （5） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can. （6） raw materials inner mixed 入杂质. 应彻底清 remove material or use new material. （7） demolding agent use amount more. amount decrease/reduce its use amount. （8） raw materials separation drying. 应适当 improve/increase drying temperature degree and long drying time. bubbles fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree. （2） molding cycle long. 应适当 shrink short. （3） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （5） holding pressure time short. 应适当延 long. （6） injection molding parts mold temperature degree non-uniform. combined 理设置 injection molding parts mold cooling system, maintain injection molding parts mold surface temperature degree uniform. （7） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can. （8） 塑 parts structure design combined 理, thick. in can can 变动 情况 lower adjustment. （9） gate and runner 截面太 small. 应适当 add large. color 泽不均 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce. （2） molding cycle long. 应适当 shrink short. （3） screw back pressure 不足. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） raw materials color non-uniform. long mixed color time, make raw materials color uniform. 七 烧焦 and fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree high hot separation understanding. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree. （2） molding cycle long. 应适当 shrink short. （3） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （4） screw back pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （5） gate 截面太 small. 应适当 add large. （6） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can. （7） raw materials separation drying. 应适当 improve/increase drying temperature degree and long drying time. （8） demolding agent use amount more. amount decrease/reduce its use amount. 八 溢 material flash fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material and nozzle temperature degree. （2） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （3） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （4） holding pressure time long. 应适当 shrink short. （5） 供 material more. 应适当 decrease/reduce. （6） clamping force 不足. increase clamping force. （7） injection molding parts mold strong/high degree 不足. increase add strong/high frame and other, improve/increase its rigid property. （8） 镶 parts 设置不 combined 理. 应适当 adjustment. （9） gate relatively large. 应适当 shrink small. （10） injection molding parts mold defect, 基准未 for in. heavy new assembly injection molding parts mold. warpage and shrinkage deformation fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） molding cycle short. 应适当延 long. （3） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （4） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （5） holding pressure time long. 应适当 shrink short. （6） injection molding parts mold temperature degree non-uniform. adjustment injection molding parts mold cooling system, combined 理设置 cooling 回路. （7） gate 截面太 small. 应适当 add large. （8） ejection machine design combined 理. amount increase ejection and ejection 点. （9） injection molding parts mold strong/high degree 不足. method increase its rigid property. silver streaks fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree. （2） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） raw materials inner mixed material 杂质. 应彻底清 remove. （4） raw materials separation drying. 应适当 improve/increase drying temperature degree and long drying time. delamination fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase material and nozzle temperature degree. （2） screw back pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （3） raw materials inner mixed material 杂质. 应彻底清 remove. 十二 脆 low fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree. （2） injection molding parts mold temperature degree relatively high. 应适当 reduce. （3） raw materials inner mixed material 杂质. 应彻底清 remove. （4） gate 设置不当. will gate in thick 壁处. （5） holding pressure time short. 应适当延 long. surface fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （2） holding pressure time long. 应适当 shrink short. （3） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） ejection machine design combined 理. amount increase ejection and ejection 点. （5） demolding degree 不足. 应适当 increase. shrinkage fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree. （2） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） injection molding parts mold temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce. （4） 塑 parts thick. in can can 变动 情况 lower adjustment. （5） gate 截面太 small. 应适当 add large. （6） type cycle short. 应适当延 long. （7） holding pressure time short. 应适当延 long. 十五 主浇道 mold sticking fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） holding pressure time short. 应适当延 long. （2） molding cycle short. 应适当延 long. （3） nozzle temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） gate sleeve/set surface light degree low. abrasion its surface, improve/increase surface light degree. 第三节 polypropylene (PP) fault/failure generate causes and troubleshooting methods 一 欠注 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） process conditions control 不当. 应适当 adjustment. （2） injection molding parts machine injection can force small parts weight. use relatively large specifications injection molding parts machine. （3） runner and gate 截面太 small. 应适当 add large. （4） mold cavity inner material flow 距离太 long or has thin separation. 应设置 cold material 穴. （5） injection molding parts mold gas defect, mold cavity inner 残留空 gas 导致欠注. improvement injection molding parts mold gas system. （6） raw materials flow property can 太差. use flow property can relatively good resin. （7） material temperature degree low, injection pressure or material injection time short 也会引起欠注. versus improve/increase has process parameters control amount. 二 溢 material flash fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） clamping force 不足. use specifications relatively large injection molding parts machine. （2） injection molding parts mold or abrasion loss heavy. using/adopting machine processing methods 进行修复. （3） injection molding parts mold clamping upper has material 杂质. 应进行清 remove. （4） molding mold temperature or injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. surface gas fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） thick parts injection molding parts mold runner and gate dimensions relatively small easy generate surface gas 孔. 应适当放 large runner and gate dimensions. （2） 塑 parts thick. in design 时应尽 amount decrease/reduce thick separation. （3） molding temperature degree high or injection pressure low 都会导致塑 parts surface generate gas 孔. 应适当 reduce molding temperature degree, improve/increase injection pressure. 四 流 material fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material and mold temperature low. 应适当 high material and injection molding parts mold temperature degree. （2） injection speed degree slow. 应适当 add fast injection speed degree. （3） nozzle 孔径太 small. use relatively large nozzle. （4） injection molding parts mold inner 未设置 cold material 穴. increase cold material 穴. 五 银 strip/profile filament fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） molding raw materials in water separation and easy material content high. for raw materials 进行预 drying 处理. （2） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can. （3） nozzle and injection molding parts mold defect. adjustment 两者 位置 and dimensions. （4） 银 strip/profile filament is in 一定 部位出现时, 应检查 for mold cavity surface is has surface 伤痕. has surface 伤痕 复映 phenomenon, 应采取 machine processing methods remove mold cavity surface 伤痕. （5） different product types resin mixed combined 时, generate strip/profile 痕. anti types resin mixed use. 六 熔接痕 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material and injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. improve/increase material and injection molding parts mold temperature degree. （2） gate 位置设置不 combined 理. 应改变 gate 位置. （3） raw materials in easy material content high or injection molding parts mold gas defect. remove raw materials inner easy material and improvement injection molding parts mold gas system. （4） injection speed degree slow. 应适当 add fast. （5） injection molding parts mold inner 未设置 cold material 穴. increase cold material 穴. （6） mold cavity surface has material 杂质. 应进行清洁处理. （7） 浇注 system design combined 理. improvement system property can, make material in mold cavity in flow 顺畅. 七 黑 strip/profile and fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） injection molding parts machine specifications large. use specifications relatively small injection molding parts machine. （2） resin flow property can relatively 差. use amount external lubricant. （3） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （4） injection molding parts mold gas defect. improvement injection molding parts mold gas system, increase gas or using/adopting structure, and reduce clamping force. （5） gate 位置设置不 combined 理. 应改变 gate 位置, make mold cavity inner material uniform flow. bubbles fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） gate and runner dimensions small. 应适当 add large. （2） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） raw materials inner water separation content high. for raw materials 进行预 drying 处理. （4） 塑 parts thick 变化太 large. combined design parts structure, 避免壁 thick 急变. crazing and whitening fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material and injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. improve/increase material and injection molding parts mold temperature degree. （2） injection molding parts mold system structure design combined 理. improvement injection molding parts mold runner and gate structure, make material in 充模时不 generate 紊流. （3） cooling time short. 应适当延 long cooling time. （4） demolding ejection plant/unit design combined 理. most good using/adopting gas demolding plant/unit. （5） injection speed degree and pressure high. 应适当 reduce. bending deformation fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） injection molding parts mold temperature degree high or cooling 不足. 应适当 reduce injection molding parts mold temperature degree or long cooling time, for/regarding fine long parts can 采取胎 tool solid rear cooling methods. （2） cooling non-uniform. improvement injection molding parts mold cooling system, ensure parts cooling uniform. （3） gate type combined 理. for specific 情况, selection combined gate 形式. generally lower, can using/adopting more gate. （4） injection molding parts mold 偏芯. 应进行检查 and positive. demolding defect fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） injection speed degree and pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （2） injection molding parts mold type surface light degree 太差. through abrasion and electroplating and other methods improve/increase its surface light degree. （3） injection molding parts mold temperature degree and cooling conditions control 不当. parts in 模芯处 mold sticking 时, improve/increase injection molding parts mold temperature degree and shrink short cooling time; if parts in type surface mold sticking 时, reduce injection molding parts mold temperature degree and long cooling time. （4） demolding machine ejection 面积太 small. add large ejection 面积. shrinkage deformation fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） holding pressure 不足. 应适当延 long material injection time. （2） injection pressure 不足. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） injection molding parts mold temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce. （4） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large. （5） processing temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase material temperature degree. true fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） holding pressure 不足. 应适当延 long material injection time. （2） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low, material temperature degree high. 应适当 improve/increase injection molding parts mold temperature degree, reduce material temperature degree. （3） injection pressure 不足. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） raw materials flow property can good. use melt relatively low resin. 第四节 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fault/failure generate causes and troubleshooting methods polyvinyl chloride (PVC) injection molding parts molding Common fault/failure 排查?欠注 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase molding temperature degree. （2） molding cycle short. 应适当延 long. （3） injection pressure 不足. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） injection speed degree slow. 应适当 add fast. （5） 供 material 不足. increase material amount. （6） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low, 应适当 improve/increase. especially is need combined 理设置 injection molding parts mold cooling 回路, maintain injection molding parts mold temperature degree uniform. （7） 塑 parts structure design combined or thin. in can can 变动 情况 lower adjustment. （8） 浇注 system structure dimensions small. 应适当放 large gate and runner 截面. （9） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can. （10） injection molding parts mold strong/high degree 不足. amount improve/increase its rigid property.? shrink fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree. （2） injection pressure 不足. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） holding pressure time short. 应适当延 long. （4） cooling time short. 应适当 improve/increase cooling efficiency or long cooling time. （5） 供 material 不足. increase material amount. （6） injection molding parts mold temperature degree non-uniform. adjustment injection molding parts mold cooling system, combined 理设置 cooling 回路. （7） 塑 parts structure design combined 理, or parts thick. in can can 变动 情况 lower adjustment. （8） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large.?熔接痕 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase molding temperature degree. （2） injection pressure 不足. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） injection speed degree slow. 应适当 add fast. （4） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low, 应适当 improve/increase. （5） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large. （6） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can. （7） cold material structure dimensions small or 位置不当. combined adjustment. （8） raw materials inner mixed 入杂质. 应彻底清 remove material or use new material. （9） demolding agent use amount more. amount decrease/reduce its use amount. （10） 镶 parts 设置不 combined 理. 应适当 adjustment. （11） raw materials color non-uniform. selection dispersion property relatively good color agent, and long mixed color time, make raw materials color uniform.?流 material fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase molding temperature degree. （2） injection pressure 不足. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） holding pressure time short. 应适当延 long. （4） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low, 应适当 improve/increase. （5） injection molding parts mold temperature degree non-uniform. adjustment injection molding parts mold cooling system, combined 理设置 cooling 回路. （6） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large. （7） cold material structure dimensions small or 位置不当. combined adjustment. （8） raw materials color non-uniform. selection dispersion property relatively good color agent, and long mixed color time.? gloss defect fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase molding temperature degree. （2） molding cycle long. 应适当 shrink short. （3） screw back pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low, 应适当 improve/increase. （5） 浇注 system structure dimensions small. 应适当放 large gate and runner 截面. （6） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can. （7） raw materials inner mixed 入杂质. 应彻底清 remove material or use new material. （8） demolding agent use amount more. amount decrease/reduce its use amount. （9） raw materials separation drying. 应适当 improve/increase drying temperature degree and long drying time.? bubbles fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree. （2） molding cycle long. 应适当 shrink short. （3） injection pressure 不足. 应适当 improve/increase. （4）&, nbsp; injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （5） holding pressure time short. 应适当延 long. （6） injection molding parts mold temperature degree non-uniform. adjustment injection molding parts mold cooling system, combined 理设置 cooling 回路. （7） 塑 parts structure design combined 理, or parts thick. in can can 变动 情况 lower adjustment. （8） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large. （9） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can. （10） raw materials separation drying. 应适当 improve/increase drying temperature degree and long drying time.? color 泽不均 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree. （2） molding cycle long. 应适当 shrink short. （3） raw materials color non-uniform. selection dispersion property relatively good color agent, and long mixed color time.?烧焦 and fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree. （2） molding cycle long. 应适当 shrink short. （3） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （4） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （5） screw back pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （6） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large. （7） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can. （8） demolding agent use amount more. amount decrease/reduce its use amount. （9） raw materials separation drying. 应适当 improve/increase drying temperature degree and long drying time.?溢 material flash fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree and nozzle temperature degree. （2） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （3） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （4） holding pressure time long. 应适当 shrink short. （5） 供 material amount more. 应适当 decrease/reduce. （6） clamping force 不足. 应适当 improve/increase. （7） injection molding parts mold temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce. （8） 塑 parts structure design combined 理, in can can 变动 情况 lower adjustment. （9） injection molding parts mold strong/high degree 不足. method increase its rigid property. （10） 镶 parts 设置不 combined 理. according to parts and injection molding parts mold structure 进行应适当 adjustment.? warpage deformation fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） molding cycle short. 应适当延 long. （3） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （4） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （5） holding pressure time long. 应适当 shrink short. （6） injection molding parts mold temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce. （7） injection molding parts mold cooling system 设置不 combined 理, cooling 回路应 according to parts structure cooling requirements combined 理设置. （8） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large. （9） ejection plant/unit 设置不 combined 理. amount add large ejection and increase ejection 点. （10） injection molding parts mold strong/high degree 不足. method increase its rigid property.? silver streaks fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce. （2） molding cycle long. 应适当 shrink short. （3） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （4） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （5） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （6） injection amount less. 应适当 increase. （7） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large. （8） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can. （9） injection molding parts mold cold material small, 应适当 add large. （10） raw materials inner mixed 入杂质. 应彻底清 remove material or use new material. （11） raw materials separation drying. 应适当 improve/increase drying temperature degree and long drying time.? delamination fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree low, 应适当 improve/increase material and nozzle temperature degree. （2） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （3） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） raw materials inner mixed 入杂质. 应彻底清 remove material or use new material.? surface color fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce. （2） molding cycle long. 应适当 shrink short. （3） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （4） screw back pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （5） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large. （6） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can. （7） raw materials inner mixed 入杂质. 应彻底清 remove material or use new material.? surface fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree low, 应适当 improve/increase material and nozzle temperature degree. （2） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （3） holding pressure time long. 应适当 shrink short. （4） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （5） ejection plant/unit 设置不 combined 理. 应适当 adjustment. （6） injection molding parts mold demolding degree 不足. 应适当放 large.? demolding defect fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （2） holding pressure time long. 应适当 shrink short. （3） cooling time long. 应适当 shrink short. （4） 供 material amount more. 应适当 decrease/reduce. （5） injection molding parts mold temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce. （6） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can. （7） ejection plant/unit 设置不 combined 理. 应适当 adjustment. （8） injection molding parts mold strong/high degree 不足. method increase its rigid property. （9） injection molding parts mold demolding degree 不足. 应适当放 large. （10） 塑 parts structure complex. in can can conditions lower adjustment. soft polyvinyl chloride (PVC) injection molding parts molding Common fault/failure 排查? products surface gloss degree fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） processing temperature degree low, material material defect. 应适当 improve/increase processing temperature degree, improvement 塑化效果. （2） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase mold temperature degree. （3） material material flow property 太差, more raw materials or adjustment raw materials formulation. （4） injection molding parts mold type surface light degree 太差. 应适当 improve/increase injection molding parts mold type surface light degree. （5） molding process in additives 析出, in injection molding parts mold surface formed 结垢. and remove injection molding parts mold surface 结垢, if comparison heavy, adjustment formulation. （6） 回 use material use amount more. 应适当 decrease/reduce use material use amount. （7） material temperature high, resin separation understanding. 应适当 reduce injection temperature degree, heat stabilized system.? shrinkage deformation fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） holding pressure time short. long holding pressure time, especially is gate 附近发生 shrinkage 时, can use long holding pressure time methods solution. （2） holding pressure pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase holding pressure time. （3） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase injection time. （4） molding temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce molding temperature degree. （5） add material amount 不足. 应适当 increase add material amount. （6） mold temperature high or add hot non-uniform. improve/increase injection molding parts mold cooling efficiency. （7） mold opening 早, products cooling 不足. long products in inner cooling time. （8） products thick thin versus large, in products thick separation due to pressure 不足, easy generate shrinkage. 应修改 products design. （9） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large.?欠注, material fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） injection pressure or holding pressure pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase injection pressure or holding pressure pressure. （2） holding pressure time short. 应适当延 long holding pressure time. （3） processing temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase processing temperature degree. （4） injection speed degree slow. 应适当 improve/increase injection speed degree. （5） injection molding parts mold or nozzle temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase injection molding parts mold or nozzle temperature degree. （6） nozzle has or separation understanding material 堵塞. 应清理 injection molding parts machine nozzle. （7） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large. （8） injection molding parts mold gas 孔堵塞. remove injection molding parts mold gas in material. （9） injection molding parts machine injection amount small. 应适当 improve/increase injection amount.? flash fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （2） material material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material material temperature degree. （3） injection amount large. 应适当 reduce adjustment injection amount. （4） clamping force low 应适当 improve/increase clamping force. （5） injection molding parts mold separation type combined degree relatively 差. improve/increase injection molding parts mold separation type 面 配 combined degree. （6） injection molding parts mold rigid property relatively 差, injection molding parts mold deformation. 应适当 improve/increase injection molding parts mold rigid property.? bubbles fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase injection pressure. （2） injection speed degree control 不当. 应适当 adjustment injection speed degree. （3） injection temperature degree high, resin separation understanding. 应适当 reduce injection temperature degree, heat stabilized system. （4） injection molding parts mold gas 孔堵塞. remove injection molding parts mold gas in material. （5） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large. （6） raw materials separation drying. 应适当 improve/increase drying temperature degree and long drying time.? cold material fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） processing temperature degree low, defect. 应适当 improve/increase processing temperature degree. （2） screw back pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase back pressure. （3） injection molding parts mold in has cold material or small. 应修改 injection molding parts mold, increase or expand large cold material 穴.? silver streaks fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） raw materials in water separation or material content high. separation drying raw materials. （2） material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce. （3） 回 use material use amount more. 应适当 decrease/reduce.?焦化 separation understanding fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） injection temperature degree high, material material separation understanding, material injection molding parts mold formed products upper 焦点. 应适当 reduce injection temperature degree, remove material and runner in material 杂质. （2） injection speed degree high. 应适当 reduce injection speed degree. （3） nozzle has or separation understanding material 堵塞. 应清理 injection nozzle. （4） raw materials heat stabilized property 太差. more raw materials or adjustment formulation, heat stabilized system. （5） lubricant use amount 不足. 应适当 increase lubricant use amount. （6） injection molding parts mold gas defect. improvement injection molding parts mold gas system. （7） injection molding parts mold gate dimensions small. 应适当 expand large injection molding parts mold gate dimensions. 第五节 styrene type flame retardant plastics fault/failure generate causes and troubleshooting methods?烧焦变 color and fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree, screw speed, injection speed degree and back pressure. （2） material 筒, screw and nozzle has material 死角. remove separation understanding material remove 死角. （3） raw materials in material inner time long. shrink short time, decrease/reduce injection amount or use relatively small specifications injection molding parts machine. （4） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （5） molding cycle long. 应适当 shrink short. （6） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large. （7） injection molding parts mold gas defect. improvement injection molding parts mold gas system. （8） demolding agent use amount more. amount decrease/reduce its use amount. （9） raw materials in water separation or material content high. separation drying raw materials.?烧黑 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 当黑纹总 is in weld lines 部位时, main/primary causes is injection molding parts mold gas defect. in weld lines increase gas 孔, meanwhile, reduce injection speed degree, expand large or increase gate. （2） 当黑纹总 is in certain 一特定位置 or gate 部位时, main/primary causes is gate generate relatively high abrasion scratch hot. 应适当 expand large gate 截面, increase gate 位置, 适当放 slow injection speed degree.?充模不足 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material flow property can 太差. 应适当 expand large gate 截面, increase gate amount, improve/increase material temperature degree and injection pressure. （2） nozzle temperature degree low, 应适当 improve/increase. （3） molding cycle short. 应适当延 long. （4） injection speed degree slow. 应适当 add fast. （5） holding pressure time short. long holding pressure time. （6） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low, 应适当 improve/increase. （7） 塑 parts thin. in can can conditions lower add thick. （8） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large. （9） injection molding parts mold gas defect. improvement injection molding parts mold gas system. （10） injection molding parts mold strong/high degree 不足. method increase its rigid property.? silver streaks and fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） raw materials separation drying. 应适当 improve/increase drying temperature degree and long drying time. （2） screw back pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （4） 熔 material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree. （5） molding cycle long. 应适当 shrink short. （6） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （7） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low, 应适当 improve/increase. （8） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large. （9） injection molding parts mold in has cold material or small. 应修改 injection molding parts mold, increase or expand large cold material 穴. （10） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can. （11） raw materials inner mixed 入杂质. 应彻底清 remove material or use new material.? injection molding parts mold heavy fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material separation understanding 焦化, material for injection molding parts mold type surface generate function. combined adjustment process conditions, 避免发生变 color and fault/failure. （2） injection molding parts mold tube/pipe defect, will injection molding parts mold type surface light rear coating upper anti agent, will injection molding parts mold in drying ring in.? shrink fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase injection pressure. （2） holding pressure time short. long holding pressure time. （3） cooling time short. long cooling time. （4） injection molding parts mold temperature degree non-uniform. adjustment uniform. （5） 塑 parts thick. in can can lower adjustment. （6） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large.?熔接痕 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） nozzle temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） injection speed degree slow. 应适当 improve/increase. （5） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （6） 塑 parts thin. in can can lower adjustment. （7） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large. （8） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas 孔. （9） raw materials inner mixed 入杂质. 应彻底清 remove material or use new material. （10） demolding agent use amount more. 应适当 decrease/reduce use amount.? delamination fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） screw back pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） raw materials inner mixed 入杂质. 应彻底清 remove material or use new material.? crazing fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （3） holding pressure time long. 应适当 shrink short. （4） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase, combined 理设置 injection molding parts mold cooling system. （5） 顶杆位置设置不 combined 理. 应改变顶杆 ejection 部位, most good using/adopting more 点均衡 ejection. （6） demolding degree small. 应适当 add large. （7） 镶 parts 设置不当. combined adjustment.? surface fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase material temperature degree. （2） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） holding pressure time long. 应适当 shrink short. （4） cooling time long. shrink short cooling time. （5） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （6） 顶杆设置不当. 应适当 adjustment. （7） demolding degree small. 应适当 add large.? gloss defect fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） nozzle temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） molding cycle long. 应适当 shrink short. （3） screw back pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （5） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large. （6） raw materials inner mixed 入杂质. 应彻底清 remove material or use new material. （7） demolding agent use amount more. 应适当 decrease/reduce use amount. （8） raw materials separation drying. 应适当 improve/increase drying temperature degree and long drying time. （9） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can.? bubbles fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree. （2） molding cycle long. 应适当 shrink short. （3） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （5） holding pressure time short. 应适当延 long. （6） injection molding parts mold temperature degree non-uniform. adjustment injection molding parts mold cooling system, combined 理设置 cooling 回路. （7） 塑 parts thick. in can can conditions lower add adjustment. （8） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large. （9） raw materials separation drying. 应适当 improve/increase drying temperature degree and long drying time.? color fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree. （2） molding cycle long. 应适当 shrink short. （3） raw materials color 不均. long mixed color 时 搅拌 time.?溢 material flash fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree. （2） nozzle temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce. （3） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （4） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （5） holding pressure time long. 应适当 shrink short. （6） clamping force 不足. 应适当 improve/increase. （7） injection molding parts mold temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce. （8） injection molding parts mold strong/high degree 不足. method improve/increase injection molding parts mold rigid degree. （9） 镶 parts strong/high degree 不足. improve/increase parts rigid property.? warpage deformation fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （3） molding cycle short. 应适当 add long. （4） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （5） holding pressure time long. 应适当 shrink short. （6） injection molding parts mold temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce, combined 理设置 injection molding parts mold cooling 回路. （7） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当 add large. （8） 顶杆位置设置不 combined 理. heavy new 设置. （9） injection molding parts mold strong/high degree 不足. 应适当 improve/increase injection molding parts mold rigid property.? demolding defect fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree. （2） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （3） holding pressure time long. 应适当 shrink short. （4） injection molding parts mold temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce. （5） cooling time long. 应适当 shrink short. （6） 塑 parts structure complex. in can can conditions lower design. （7） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can. （8） 顶杆位置设置不 combined 理. 应改变 adjustment ejection 部位. （9） injection molding parts mold strong/high degree 不足. 应适当 improve/increase injection molding parts mold rigid property. （10） demolding degree small. 应适当 add large.? surface and fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） raw materials in water separation and other easy material content high. in material inner high temperature function lower water separation 汽化, 导致熔 material degradation, generate gas 体积存 in material inner, gas in 充模时随熔 material mold cavity make parts surface 出现花纹. for 此, raw materials in molding front must drying 处理, reduce water content. （2） molding process in parts inner residual stress high. is decrease/reduce residual stress, 应适当 improve/increase injection molding parts mold temperature degree and material temperature degree, improve/increase injection pressure, adjustment degree can large, is pressure high 会导致 demolding difficult. （3） gate dimensions small. parts surface and 花纹容 easy in gate generate 时, gate 截面积 small, material gate formed or 喷射, make material and gas mixed, gate generate 花纹. for 此, 应适当放 large gate dimensions. in addition, gate dimensions relatively small 时, can high pressure slow speed injection process solution. （4） injection molding parts mold gas defect. in process in, if injection molding parts mold inner gas method 排出, poly formed is film 状 沉积 material in type surface upper, 就会导致塑 parts surface generate 云雾. for 此, increase gas or through fine small runner methods improve/increase runner gas property can. 第六节 polyoxymethylene (POM) fault/failure generate causes and troubleshooting methods? silver streaks and fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） type process conditions control 不当. 应适当 adjustment. （2） raw materials inner water separation content high. generally lower, will polyoxymethylene (POM) resin in 80~90 degree conditions lower drying 3~4 small 时, decrease/reduce resin water separation content. （3） material or nozzle local hot, 导致熔 material hot separation understanding. 应适当 reduce material or nozzle add hot temperature degree. （4） material or nozzle inner has material 死角, material material hot separation understanding generate silver streaks and 斑纹. for 此, must abrasion remove material 死角, 彻底清 remove 滞留 残留 material material. （5） injection pressure and injection speed degree low or high generate silver streaks and 斑纹. generally lower, type pressure comparison easy generate this type of fault/failure. for 此, 应适当 improve/increase molding temperature degree and injection molding parts mold temperature degree, increase material flow property can, 并适当 improve/increase injection pressure and long molding cycle. in type pressure relatively high conditions lower generate silver streaks and 斑纹时, 应适当 reduce injection speed degree and injection pressure. （6） gate 截面太 small. 应适当放 large. （8） nozzle 孔径太 small. use relatively large nozzle.?变 color and fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material hot separation understanding or in material in time long. 应适当 reduce material and nozzle add hot temperature degree, material and nozzle combined has material 死角, or use small amount injection molding parts machine. （2） add material process in, resin material belt/tape material inner gas 排不出. through add large back pressure, from material in gas. （3） injection molding parts mold gas defect. in injection molding parts mold separation type upper 开设排 gas 沟槽, 并适当 adjustment speed rate. （4） injection speed degree high. 应适当 reduce.?空洞 and fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） tool gas defect, type in 残留空 gas by material 包裹, to hot pressure shrink, formed 空洞, resin by 烧焦. through gate and improvement injection molding parts mold gas system solution. （2） injection molding parts mold or thick. 应进行修整. （3） injection speed degree high. 应适当 reduce.? surface and bubbles fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 塑 parts cooling shrinkage separation can holding pressure material separation 弥补时, in parts surface generate small or bubbles. 应适当 improve/increase injection pressure and long holding pressure time. （2） nozzle temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） gate 截面太 small. 应适当放 large. （4） gate 位置设置不当. 应设置 in thick 壁部位. （5） 缓冲 amount 不足. 应适当 increase.? cold material fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） generate cold material fault/failure main/primary causes is due to cold material 随同熔 material type 腔, gate generate 疵点. for 此应适当 improve/increase injection molding parts mold temperature degree expand large gate 截面, gate and reduce injection speed degree. （2） in design parts structure 时, thick 截面变化太 fast. slip 渡. （3） 浇注 system design 不当. positive design, make material 充模顺畅.?熔接痕 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 熔 material temperature degree low, 应适当 improve/increase material and nozzle temperature degree. （2） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） injection speed degree slow. 应适当 add fast. （4） gate 截面积太 small. 应适当放 large.? surface fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 生 surface main/primary causes is injection molding parts mold type pressure 不足. 应适当 improve/increase injection pressure. （2） 浇注 system structure dimensions small. 应适当 add large nozzle 孔, runner and separation runner 截面, anti pressure loss 失. （3） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase.? surface fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） and relatively difficult difference, different in 于波纹 is gate phenomenon 引起. therefore, expand large gate and decrease slow injection speed degree. （2） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low, 应适当 improve/increase injection molding parts mold temperature degree, increase 充模熔 material flow property can, can make gate generate 波纹不留 in parts surface upper. （3） gate 位置设置不当. selection make gate 喷射波纹, in appearance upper has very large effect/influence 部位设置 gate, can using/adopting gate 形式. （4） injection molding parts machine injection amount 不足也会引起塑 parts generate surface 波纹. for 此, use specifications relatively large injection molding parts machine.?霜纹 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce. （2） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （4） raw materials in water separation more. 应进行 drying 处理.?脆 low loss fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） 嘴部位 temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase nozzle temperature degree, remove nozzle 滴涎形 formed waste material. （2） and runner has cold material 滞留. remove cold material, troubleshooting nozzle 处 滴漏 phenomenon. （3） raw materials separation drying. 应进行 drying 处理, reduce raw materials in water separation and easy material content. （4） due to injection molding parts mold temperature degree low, injection pressure high, and thick non-uniform and other causes, 导致塑 parts inner in a large amount of residual stress, 引起塑 parts 脆化. adjustment injection molding parts mold temperature degree, injection pressure and holding pressure time, parts thick amount uniform, decrease/reduce processing residual stress. （5） 塑 parts 转角处无 渡圆弧, generate force in, 导致塑 parts 脆化破 loss. in design parts need decrease/reduce 尖角, slip 渡; in molding process in, need anti generate 毛刺. （6） 熔 material hot separation understanding 导致塑 parts 脆化. reduce hot temperature degree. （7） raw materials in mixed material 杂质. remove raw materials in material 杂质, and material and nozzle, 并检查 raw materials in recycled material use ratio/proportion is high, decrease/reduce its use amount. （8） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （9） molding cycle short. 应适当延 long. （10） holding pressure time long. 应适当 shrink short. （11） injection molding parts mold gas defect. 应适当 increase gas 孔.? viscous mold cavity fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods: （1） screw speed low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） screw back pressure 不足. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （5） screw front time long. 应适当 shrink short. （6） 余塑太 more. 应适当 decrease/reduce. （7）, injection molding parts mold combined fast. 应适当延 long injection molding parts mold combined time. （8） mold cavity temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce. （9） injection molding parts mold demolding degree 不足. 应适当 add large degree.? mold sticking fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （2） injection holding pressure time long. 应适当 shrink short. （3） 余 material more. 应适当 decrease/reduce material. （4） injection molding parts mold combined time long. 应适当 shrink short. （5） 模芯处 temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce. （6） injection molding parts mold demolding degree 不足. 应适当 add large degree. （7） gate 位置不当. 应设置 in thick 壁处. （8） injection molding parts machine specifications small. selection specifications relatively large injection molding parts machine.? dimensions fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） material temperature degree 波动引起塑 parts structure dimensions 变化. stability material temperature degree. （2） injection molding parts mold temperature degree high or low 都会导致 dimensions 波动. 应准确 control mold temperature. （3） 缓冲 amount 变化不定引起 dimensions 波动. make amount maintain 恒定. （4） 塑 parts cooling non-uniform dimensions unstable. using/adopting process demolding rear parts, parts demolding rear still uniform cooling. （5） 充模 speed degree slow. fast speed 充模. （6） injection molding parts mold design 不当. for/regarding more injection molding parts mold, combined design type 腔排列 and gate dimensions. ensure 充模同步.? filling fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） material or injection molding parts mold temperature degree low, runner 冻结 早. improve/increase material and injection molding parts mold temperature degree, expand large runner 面积, increase injection speed degree. （2） 塑 parts thin. 应适当 increase thick. （3） 一模 more 腔时, material balanced defect, mold cavity different 步. in molding more parts 时应进行 injection molding parts balanced combined 理设置 runner. （4） 供 material 不足. 应适当 add large material amount. （5） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （6） molding cycle short. 应适当延 long. （7） raw materials separation drying. 应进行预 drying 处理. （8） gate system structure dimensions small. 应适当放 large gate and runner 截面, use relatively large nozzle. （9） injection molding parts mold gas defect. 应适当 increase gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can.?溢 material flash fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） injection pressure high. 应方面军当 reduce. （2） 熔 material material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material and nozzle temperature degree. （3） clamping force 不足. 应适当 improve/increase.? warpage deformation fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） molding cycle short. 应适当延 long. （3） holding pressure time short, 应适当延 long. molding 时, injection time most good ratio gate time long is good. （4） injection molding parts mold assembly defect, separation type for in. heavy new assembly injection molding parts mold. （5） cooling non-uniform or cooling time short. parts demolding rear can in positive frame in 进一步 cooling type. （6） injection molding parts mold temperature degree non-uniform. mold temperature non-uniform make temperature degree relatively high 部位塑 parts surface shrinkage relatively large, therefore, amount use mold temperature uniform, 并适当 reduce mold temperature, long cooling time. （7） 浇注 system structure design combined 理, 导致充模时熔 material flow direction 不平行, 各部位 shrinkage rate relatively large. in gate 位置时, make material in mold cavity inner flow, gate most good using/adopting more gate. （8） 塑 parts structure design combined 理. in design parts structure 时, amount decrease/reduce thick 差异, 避免引起 relatively large shrinkage 差异. in parts thin low 部位, can design 一 肋 strip/profile and add strong/high 筋, anti shrinkage deformation large. 第七节 polyamide (PA) fault/failure generate causes and troubleshooting methods?欠注 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） injection molding parts machine amount 不足. use relatively large specifications injection molding parts machine. （2） injection 起死回生太 low. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） injection speed degree slow. 应适当 add fast. （4） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase material temperature degree, improvement material flow property can. （5） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （6） injection molding parts mold gas defect. combined 理设置排 gas 沟槽. （7） gate and runner 截面太 small, 应适当放 large. （8） resin flow property can 太差. add a small amount of lubricant, add amount 以0.03%~0.15% is 宜. （9） 熔 material 回流. 应检查止逆 ring as is positive 常. another, if type inner has pressure, material 也会回流. （10） 供 material 不足. 应检查 nozzle upper 否堵塞, material inner has 无“架桥” and phenomenon.?波 flow marks fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） resin defect. 应适当 improve/increase material temperature degree, long material in material inner time. （3） 充模 speed rate slow. 应适当 improve/increase injection speed degree and injection pressure. （4） 熔 material flow defect. selection flow property can relatively good resin or add a small amount of lubricant. （5） gate 截面太 small. 应适当 add large. （6） injection molding parts mold inner 未设置 cold material 穴. increase cold material 穴.? silver streaks fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） raw materials separation drying or 粒径差异太 large. for raw materials 进行预 drying 处理并 selection uniform raw materials. （2） 熔 material temperature degree high, hot separation understanding. 应适当 reduce material and nozzle temperature degree. （3） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） injection speed degree slow, 应适当 add fast. （5） nozzle temperature degree high 应适当 reduce. （6） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （7） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas or gas 沟槽. （8） 浇注 system structure dimensions small. add large runner and gate dimensions, most good using/adopting gate. （9） screw speed high. screw high speed 旋转时, easy will gas belt/tape material 筒, but also, high speed generate a large amount of hot make material hot separation understanding. 应适当 reduce screw speed. （10） raw materials inner additives more. 应适当 decrease/reduce use amount. （11） injection back pressure low, material in easy belt/tape gas. 应适当 add large back pressure. （12） raw materials inner material use amount more. 应适当 decrease/reduce use amount. （13） raw materials inner mixed types raw materials, make a small amount of types raw materials mixed 入也会导致 generate silver streaks 纹. remove raw materials in material 杂质.?熔接痕 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） injection speed degree slow. 应适当 add fast. （3） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 high. （4） 熔 material in injection molding parts mold inner solid speed rate fast 应适当 improve/increase injection molding parts mold temperature degree. （5） injection molding parts mold gas defect. using/adopting gas good structure, add large gas or increase gas 沟槽. （6） gate 位置设置不 combined 理. 应改变 gate 位置, increase gate 数目. （7） resin flow property can relatively 差, speed rate slow. selection flow property can relatively good raw materials or add a small amount of lubricant. （8） demolding agent use 不当. amount use demolding agent. （9） belt/tape 孔 塑 parts molding easy generate 熔接痕. therefore, parts structure upper 需 孔 most good in rear 道工序 processing formed. （10） cold material 穴设置不当. usually, in generate 熔接痕处设置 cold material can will molding defect in cold material inner remove.? bubbles and shrink fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） holding pressure 不足. 应适当 improve/increase maintain pressure and long holding pressure time. （3） material temperature degree control 不当. if due to gas mold cavity generate bubbles, 应适当 improve/increase material temperature degree; if due to material viscosity low 导致塑 parts inner generate bubbles 则应适当 reduce material temperature degree. （4） injection molding parts mold temperature degree control 不当. parts shrinkage relatively large 时, 应适当 reduce injection molding parts mold temperature degree; holding pressure 效果不佳时, 应适当 improve/increase injection molding parts mold temperature degree. injection molding parts mold temperature degree must uniform, especially is parts thick non-uniform combined design injection molding parts mold add hot and cooling system. （5） injection time short. 应适当延 long. （6） screw back pressure 不足. gas easy mixed material 筒. add large screw back pressure. （7） raw materials separation drying. for raw materials 进行预 drying 处理. also can in raw materials in filling glass fiber (GF) decrease/reduce shrinkage. （8） raw materials property can combined molding requirements. is can improve/increase injection pressure and decrease/reduce gas from nozzle and gate mixed mold cavity, use viscosity relatively high resin. （9） 浇注 system structure dimensions small, holding pressure can separation function. 应适当放 large gate and runner 截面. （10） gate 位置设置不 combined 理. 应改变 gate 位置, gate 应设置 in thick 壁部位. （11） 塑 parts thick design 不当. can separation add large thick, thick amount uniform, is thick 部位会 due to shrinkage generate bubbles. （12） injection molding parts mold gas defect. 应适当 add large gas and increase gas 沟槽, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can.?焦斑 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （2） 熔 material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce molding temperature degree. （3） injection molding parts mold gas defect. 应适当 add large or increase gas 孔. （4） gate 截面太 small. 应适当放 large. （5） nozzle 孔径太 small. use relatively large nozzle. （6） clamping force large. 应适当 reduce.? warpage deformation fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （2） injection time long. 应适当 shrink short. （3） 熔 material temperature degree high and injection molding parts mold cooling property can relatively 差. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree and long cooling time and molding cycle. （4） holding pressure time long. 应适当 shrink short. （5） gate design combined 理. 应改变 gate or increase gate. （6） 塑 parts thick 差异悬殊. in can can conditions lower design, make parts thick amount uniform. （7） 塑 parts demolding ejection balanced. 应改变 ejection 杆数目 or 位置, increase 顶杆面积, ensure ejection 均衡. （8） injection molding parts mold design combined 理. using/adopting injection molding parts mold or in generate warpage direction increase add strong/high 筋, 抵消应 force deformation.? demolding defect fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） injection molding parts mold temperature degree control 不当. material temperature degree high 于180 degree 时, 应适当 improve/increase injection molding parts mold temperature degree, add fast material speed degree, add large molding shrinkage; material temperature degree low is 130 degree 时, 应适当 reduce injection molding parts mold temperature degree. （2） injection pressure high. 应适当 reduce. （3） injection time long. 应适当 shrink short. （4） holding pressure time long. 应适当 shrink short. （5） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （6） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （7） molding cycle short. 应适当延 long. （8） raw materials combined molding requirements. selection demolding property can relatively good micro crystallization property resin. （9） injection molding parts mold type surface coarse 糙. improve/increase mold cavity surface light degree. （10） demolding degree small. 应适当 add large demolding degree. （11） 塑 parts viscous in 定模侧. abrasion nozzle and gate 接触部位 or add large material 钩. （12） demolding agent use 不当. selection 适宜 喷雾 type demolding agent.? gloss defect fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） injection molding parts mold temperature degree control 不当. 应适当 adjustment. injection molding parts mold temperature degree high or low 都会导致塑 parts surface gloss defect. （2） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase material temperature degree. （3） raw materials drying separation. for raw materials 进行预 drying product. （4） raw materials flow property can 太差. use flow property can relatively good resin, decrease/reduce recycled material use ratio/proportion. （5） injection molding parts mold type surface gloss degree 太差. for mold cavity electroplating or light 处理. （6） demolding agent use 不当. parts surface gloss defect 时, most good use demolding agent. （7） nozzle temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （8） molding cycle fast. 应适当 shrink short. （9） screw back pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （10） 浇注 system structure dimensions small. 应适当 expand large gate and runner 截面.?滴纹 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 reduce. （2） 充模 rear material solid fast. 应适当 improve/increase injection molding parts mold and nozzle temperature degree. （3） injection molding parts mold inner 未设置 cold material 穴. increase cold material 穴. （4） gate and large small design combined 理. 应改变 gate and dimensions.?溢 material flash fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） injection pressure and speed degree high. 应适当 reduce. （2） injection time long. 应适当 shrink short. （3） 熔 material temperature degree control 不当. material flow property can very good 时, 应适当 reduce material temperature degree; material flow property can 不佳时, 庆适当 improve/increase material temperature degree. （4） injection molding parts mold temperature degree control 不当. material flow property can very good 时, 应适当 reduce injection molding parts mold temperature degree; material flow property can 不佳时, 应适当 improve/increase injection molding parts mold temperature degree. （5） molding raw materials combined use requirements. selection flow property can raw materials. usually, resin flow property can good or 太差都会导致溢 material flash, excellent selection high viscosity raw materials. （6） injection molding parts mold strong/high degree and degree to molding requirements. injection molding parts mold must tool has strong/high degree, injection molding parts mold combined need 紧密接触, 不留空隙, and remove combined upper material 杂质. （7） clamping force 不足. 应适当 improve/increase. （8） injection molding parts mold defect. heavy new and assembly injection molding parts mold. （9） demolding agent use 不当. amount use demolding agent.? surface fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） injection speed degree slow. 应适当 add fast. （3） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （5） gate dimensions small. 应适当放 large. （6） raw materials in water separation content high. water separation content to 0.5% above 时, generate relatively is heavy 桔皮纹 defect, for raw materials 进行预 drying 处理.? nozzle fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） nozzle temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce. （2） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 reduce molding temperature degree. （3） molding cycle long. 应适当 shrink short. （4） raw materials drying separation. 应进行预 drying 处理. （5） nozzle structure combined molding requirements. use 反锥孔 nozzle or using/adopting 关断阀 retardant 断滴涎.?塑化 defect fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） screw back pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） molding cycle short. 应适当延 long.?直接 gate viscous fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） holding pressure time long. 应适当 shrink short. （2） nozzle 几何形状不符 combined molding requirements. use 反锥孔 nozzle. （3） molding cycle long. 应适当 shrink short. （4） screw rear 退失常. 应适当 improve/increase material temperature degree and injection back pressure. （5） nozzle and 注口圆角不一致. abrasion 一致. （6） nozzle temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase.? surface coarse fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） injection speed degree slow. 应适当 add fast. （4） raw materials drying separation. 应进行预 drying 处理. （5） gate dimensions small. 应适当 add large. 第八节 polycarbonate (PC) fault/failure generate causes and troubleshooting methods? silver streaks （1） hydrolysis silver streaks ． hydrolysis silver streaks is plastics in material in hydrolysis formed silver streaks, its generate causes is due to material in molding front to separation drying, or already separation drying material in material in time long, material in also has 效 保 temperature measures, make its heavy new wet, water amount ultra- 规定 requirements, this type of water amount ultra-high material in material inner high temperature function lower water separation by 汽化, resin in melt process in degradation phenomenon, generate oxidation carbon gas 体. in melt resin internal, 充模时随流 material mold cavity, formed hydrolysis filament. make parts strong/high degree significantly reduce, 质 变脆. this category of silver streaks 经常遇 to, but also comparison easy 识别, it usually is injection toward relatively uniform distribution, heavy 时密布 in 整 塑 parts surface. 　　消 remove hydrolysis silver streaks methods is separation drying material 粒, molding use material water amount must control in 0.03％ below/following. is 此, must control raw materials drying process conditions, in molding front in molding front for material 粒 含 water amount 进行测定. production in can using/adopting types 简便 检查 methods, use block small 玻璃, in 间夹一粒 by testing material 粒, rear to 280~300 degree add hot sheet/plate upper, material hot 渐熔时, in upper add pressure, will material pressure 扁, material in has bubbles, bubbles, is drying combined 格, can molding processing use, also need 继续进行 drying 处理. silver streaks is due to drying material in material in wet 致, according to specific 情况, in material in or add hot temperature plant/unit. control one-time material amount, 不致于导致 drying material in material in time long wet, generally, time most long ultra- 30~60 separation 钟. currently, material add hot temperature plant/unit large is in material upper 部设置红 outer 灯泡, its rate large small can material 斗面积而定, generally 每平方米面积 upper 需设置25~30W add hot rate. in addition, can using/adopting 蒸汽夹 sleeve/set, electrical retardant filament add hot and other methods raw materials drying 处理. （2） separation understanding silver streaks. separation understanding silver streaks is molding process in resin hot separation understanding, generate oxidation carbon and other gas 体, make parts surface generate silver streaks. 引起熔 material hot separation understanding specific causes very more, relatively to causes: is material temperature degree high; is material or nozzle in has material 死角; is material in material in time long; is resin molecular weight already reduce, therefore, parts impact strong/high degree reduce, 质 变脆, can meet/satisfy use requirements. this category of silver streaks generally can from appearance 进行识别, it in plastics parts surface distribution has 一定 规律, has 时呈现慧星状. in addition, separation understanding silver streaks 出现往往伴随 plastics parts color deep 甚至出现棕 color 斑痕, this in runner upper is obvious, this can as is separation understanding silver streaks main/primary based on. for/regarding separation understanding silver streaks, according to separation understanding causes versus measures. if is due to material certain temperature degree high formed, will temperature degree reduce; if is in material or nozzle in has material 死角, 则应清理滞 material 部位并修 remove 死角; if is due to material in material in time long, in ensure parts quality front lower amount shrink short molding cycle, still 不见效, 则应考虑换 use amount relatively small injection molding parts machine processing. （3） structure silver streaks. structure silver streaks is due to parts structure design combined 理, thick heavy non-uniform or 出现断面突变, make material in process in 急剧膨胀 or shrinkage, mold cavity in gas mixed material in formed silver streaks. this category of silver streaks main/primary is effect/influence appearance, for parts strong/high degree and impact tough property effect/influence large. structure silver streaks features is: process conditions solid 定时, silver streaks distribution and 位置也 is solid 定, but also generally is injection direction distribution, 发生 位置 more in 断面突变 部位之 rear. due to structure silver streaks is 由断面突变, parts thick heavy 不均 引起. therefore in parts surface meanwhile 出现凹陷 and shrinkage and other fault/failure, has 时甚至 in parts internal generate different degree bubbles. structure silver streaks generally can through injection speed degree methods troubleshooting. parts 截面变化不 large 时, can decrease slow injection speed degree, using/adopting slow speed injection 时, make material 平稳 充填 mold cavity, from make material 经 突变断面时不致 mixed gas, generate silver streaks. is, reduce injection speed degree also can can 出现欠注, this need through adjustment mold temperature and nozzle temperature degree and other its it process conditions solution. 当截面变化悬殊时, can use relatively high injection speed degree injection, combined improve/increase injection pressure, make gas from separation type strong/high made 排出. if improvement injection speed degree or improve/increase injection pressure still can remove fault/failure, 则应考虑改进塑 parts structure and improvement injection molding parts mold gas system. （4）浇道 silver streaks. silver streaks is due to system design combined or local 堵塞而引起 silver streaks. its generate causes and methods lower: A主 runner design large. if runner large, make material in injection 初期离开锥壁, generate 间隙, mold cavity 逐渐充满, gas mixed in material in mold cavity, formed silver streaks. this category of silver streaks main/primary is its distribution full injection direction 排列. troubleshooting this type of fault/failure 时, through for injection troubleshooting resin hydrolysis and separation understanding can can, again 检查主 runner large small is 否适当. 若A角 large is 1 0 degree has can can generate upper phenomenon. A角 and other 于4~6 degree is 宜, if A角取 太 small 则会引起 demolding difficult, material 不畅. silver streaks has 时也采取改变 injection speed degree methods remove, 但根本 methods also is or more gate sleeve/set, decrease/reduce runner 锥角. B gate design combined 理, if gate 截面积太 small, material through gate 时会形 formed or 喷注, make material and gas mixed, from in gate generate silver streaks. this category of silver streaks main/primary is gate is in injection direction 呈放射状 distribution. its remove methods is through expand large gate or gate 截面形状, make silver streaks 消失, in gate meanwhile if reduce injection speed degree, more easy 奏效. C nozzle cold material in injection process in formed system separation runner or local 堵塞. separation runner or gate local and gate small generate silver streaks mechanism versus 似, in identification this category of silver streaks in injection system in to cold material 痕迹. remove this category of fault/failure methods is add large injection molding parts mold in cold material and improve/increase nozzle temperature degree. （5） 脉冲 silver streaks. 谓脉冲 silver streaks non silver streaks 呈脉冲状, is 指预塑 screw rear add material 时, non-uniform phenomenon, 犹似脉冲. this type of phenomenon main/primary is 反映 落 material positive 常, 此时, material in easy 进入空 gas, injection gas material mold cavity formed silver streaks. this category of silver streaks main/primary is generate and amount 无一定规律 property, has 时伴随发生欠注, sink marks and internal bubbles and other fault/failure. main/primary according to process in screw has 无脉冲跳动 phenomenon and injection 终 时 material is 否恒定 确定 silver streaks property 质. remove silver streaks methods is for phenomenon formed 因采取 versus measures. its generate causes and methods lower: A material rear temperature degree high, make material 口附近 material bonding in 一起, formed material positive 常. 应适当 reduce material rear temperature degree. B material temperature low, resin defect, 引起预塑 electrical machine negative large, screw speed 失常. 应适当 improve/increase molding temperature degree, add strong/high 塑化. C screw back pressure small, usually back pressure small injection pressure separation 之一. D material temperature plant/unit or use 不当. outer 灯泡离 material can or time long, make material in high temperature lower bonding formed block, effect/influence material. in positive production process in has 时突然出现脉冲 phenomenon, this is due to 别自控仪 table/sheet or material add hot plant/unit fault/failure, formed material rear temperature degree 失常 致, therefore, in adjustment temperature degree meanwhile, 应检查仪 table/sheet and electrical has 无异常. （6）封 gas silver streaks. gas silver streaks is material in process in gas can troubleshooting formed silver streaks. this category of silver streaks main/primary is has relatively obvious 熔接痕, but also silver streaks 往往出现 in 熔接痕附近, its it 部位没 has silver streaks. remove this category of silver streaks methods is gate and 形式, has 效 排 gas or 修改塑 parts structure, this need for injection molding parts mold relatively large 修改. in production or mold trial process in, 往往采取改 positive process conditions methods, adjustment injection pressure and injection speed degree, 改变定模 and temperature and other.? bubbles fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） raw materials in water separation and easy material content high. separation drying molding raw materials. （2） 充模时 short shot. 应适当 improve/increase injection amount or injection pressure. （3） 熔 material hot separation understanding. 应检查 material and hot runner setting temperature degree is high, 并适当 reduce.? black spots fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） material and injection molding parts mold inner has material 杂质. 应清理 material 筒, separation 置换不洁 raw materials and injection molding parts mold in material. （2） 熔 material hot separation understanding generate black carbon material. 应检查 material and hot runner setting temperature degree is high, 并适当 reduce. （3） raw materials in mixed material 杂质. attention/notes resin tube/pipe, 彻底清 remove raw materials in material 杂质.? filling fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） 熔 material and injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） injection speed degree slow. 应适当 add fast. （4） gate retardant force large. 应适当放 large gate dimensions.? demolding difficult fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） 熔 material and injection molding parts mold temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce. （2） injection pressure high, amount injection. 应适当 reduce injection pressure. （3） injection molding parts mold surface has defect. 应修研 injection molding parts mold surface. （4） demolding plant/unit design combined 理. 应适当 increase 顶杆面积 and amount.? surface fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） molding temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase material and injection molding parts mold temperature degree. （2） injection pressure low, parts surface and injection molding parts mold type surface combined defect. 应适当 improve/increase injection pressure and injection molding parts mold temperature degree. （3） injection molding parts mold gas defect. combined 理设置排 gas 孔.? surface fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） 熔 material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material and injection molding parts mold temperature degree, long cooling time. （2） injection pressure low or injection time short, parts shrinkage relatively large. 应适当 improve/increase injection pressure and long injection time. （3） gate 封闭 早. 应适当放 large gate dimensions. （4） 塑 parts in mold cavity inner cooling 不足. improvement injection molding parts mold cooling system, reduce injection molding parts mold temperature degree and long cooling time.? gate 附近变白 and flow marks fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） 熔 material and injection molding parts mold temperature degree low, material 充模不畅. 应适当 improve/increase material and injection molding parts mold temperature degree. （2） 熔 material amount filling. reduce injection pressure and decrease short injection time. （3） 充模 speed degree slow. 应适当 decrease slow injection speed degree. （4） gate retardant force large. 应适当放 large gate dimensions. 第九节 polyphenylene oxide (PPO) fault/failure generate causes and troubleshooting methods?欠注 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） process conditions control 不当. 应适当 adjustment. （2） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） 浪道 and gate 截面太 small. 应适当放 large. （4） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （5） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （6） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （7） injection time short. 应适当延 long. （8） nozzle 堵塞. 应清洗 nozzle. （9） molding parts weight ultra- injection molding parts machine most large injection amount. can using/adopting add material method, in more 腔 情况 lower, 应堵塞一 mold cavity, can use relatively large specifications injection molding parts machine.?熔接痕 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） injection speed degree slow. 应适当 add fast. （3） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase.?脱皮 delamination fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） raw materials inner mixed material 杂质. remove material 杂质, material 筒. （2） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase.?烧焦 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） 熔 material temperature degree high 应适当 reduce material and nozzle temperature degree. （2） 熔 material high speed flow 引起 剪切 hot 导致烧焦. 应适当放 large gate dimensions, 并适当 decrease slow injection molding parts mold speed rate. （3） injection molding parts mold gas defect. 应适当 increase large gas or increase gas 沟槽, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can.? silver streaks fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） 熔 material material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree. （2） 熔 material in gate 部位摩 scratch generate silver streaks. 应适当放 large gate dimensions. （3） raw materials in easy material content high. improve/increase injection molding parts mold gas property can, increase gas 孔. （4） raw materials in water separation content high. for raw materials 进行预 drying 处理.? gate fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） gate small. 应适当放 large 截面. （3） gate 位置设置不 combined 理. will gate 移至适当位置. （4） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow. （5） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase.? bubbles and fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase, can 适当放 large gate, shrink short long degree. （2） injection molding parts mold inner gas and easy material troubleshooting defect, 应设置排 gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can. （3） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） 塑 parts thick 差异悬殊. and thick 壁间应平 slip 渡. （5） 熔 material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree. material flash fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） 熔 material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce material temperature degree. （2） clamping force 不足. 应适当 improve/increase. and strip/profile fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） 当塑 parts surface 出现黑斑 and strip/profile 纹 形式总 is versus meanwhile, table/sheet injection equipment already by 污染. 应清洗 material and injection molding parts mold. （2） 当塑 parts surface 出现 黑斑 strip/profile 纹形式不一样时, table/sheet molding raw materials already by 污染, use pure raw materials. 脉冲波动 fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （2） injection speed degree fast. 应适当 decrease slow （3） gate 截面太 small. 应适当放 large. 第十节 transparent plastics fault/failure generate causes and troubleshooting methods cracks and filament fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） raw materials separation drying. 应适当 improve/increase drying temperature degree, and long drying time. （2） raw materials inner mixed has material 杂质. 应彻底清 remove. （3） 熔 material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce molding temperature degree and adjustment material temperature degree distribution. （4） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （5） 浇注 system design combined 理. combined adjustment gate and runner and large small. （6） molding cycle long. 应适当 shrink short. （7） screw back pressure high or low. 应适当 adjustment. and fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase molding temperature degree. （2） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） screw back pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （5） raw materials inner mixed has material 杂质. 应彻底清 remove or use new material. （6） raw materials in water separation and easy material content high. 应进行 drying 处理. （7） material and its temperature degree distribution combined 理. 应适当 adjustment. 熔接痕 and material fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase molding temperature degree. （2） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （3） 供 material amount 不足. 应适当 increase material amount or use specifications relatively large injection molding parts machine. （4） holding pressure time short. 应适当延 long. （5） increase pressure time short. 应适当延 long, （6） 浇注 system 设置不 combined 理. 应改进 runner 形式, gate heavy new 选位开口. （7） gate and runner has retardant material. 应彻底清 remove. （8） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （9） injection molding parts mold gas defect. increase gas or reduce clamping force. in clamping or 熔接点处开排 gas. fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） 熔 material temperature degree high or low. 应适当 adjustment. （2） 供 material amount more. 应适当 decrease/reduce. （3） gate 定位不当. heavy new 选位开口. （4） gate runner inner has retardant material. 应彻底清 remove. （5） nozzle retardant 塞. 应进行清理. （6）&nbs, p; injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. and strip/profile fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） raw materials inner mixed 入杂质. 应彻底清 remove. （2） 熔 material temperature degree high or low. 应适当 adjustment. （3） material 筒各区段 temperature degree distribution combined 理. 应适当 adjustment. （4） injection pressure high or low. 应适当 adjustment. （5） runner and gate 截面太 small. 定位不当, flow retardant force large. 应适当放 large gate and runner 截面, 检查浇道 inner has retardant material. （6） injection molding parts mold gas defect. 应适当 increase gas 孔, improvement injection molding parts mold gas property can. （7） material and nozzle local has hot and material 死角. remove material 死角, remove hot 点. surface coarse and gloss defect fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） 熔 material temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase molding temperature degree. （2） injection pressure low. 庆适当 improve/increase. （3） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） 供 material 不足. 应适当 increase. （5） gate 定不当. heavy new 选位开口. （6） cooling time 不足. 应适当延 long. （7） 浇道 inner has retardant material. material 充模不畅. 应清理 injection molding parts mold retardant material. （8） injection molding parts mold type surface light degree 太差. abrasion light, improve/increase surface light degree. bubbles and shrink fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） raw materials separation drying. 应进行 drying 处理, 并适当 improve/increase drying temperature degree and long drying time. （2） 熔 material temperature degree high. 应适当 reduce molding temperature degree. （3） injection pressure low. 应适当 improve/increase. （4） holding pressure time short. 应适当延 long. （5） 浇道 inner has retardant material. 应彻底清理. （6） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase. （7） 塑 parts in injection molding parts mold inner cooling time long. 应适当 shrink short, most good will demolding rear parts in hot water in cold. delamination fault/failure analysis and troubleshooting methods （1） raw materials inner mixed material 杂质. 应彻底清 remove or use new material. （2） 供 material 不足. 应适当 increase or use specifications relatively large injection molding parts machine. （3） injection molding parts mold temperature degree low. 应适当 improve/increase.