Shanghai Daoqin Plastics Co., Ltd.

一, 塑炼 橡胶受 outer force function generate deformation, outer force remove rear still can maintain its can force can property. increase can property process process is 塑炼. has can property can in mixing/compounding and various combined agent uniform mixed combined; in calendering processing easy 于渗入 textile material in; in pressure 出, pressure tool has relatively good flow property. in addition, also can make property uniform, control production process. is, 渡塑炼会 reduce 硫化胶 strong/high degree, elastic property, wear resistant and other property can, therefore 塑炼操 as add control. can degree usually 以威廉氏 can degree, viscosity and hardness and other table/sheet 示. 1, mechanism 橡胶经塑炼以 increase its can property, its 实质乃 is make separation fracture, reduce large separation long degree. fracture function can 发生于 large separation 子主链, also can 发生于侧链. due to in 塑炼时, to oxygen, electrical, hot, machine force and increase agent and other factors function, therefore mechanism and this factors related, its in important function is oxygen and machine force, but also versus versus formed. usually can will 塑炼区 separation is low temperature and high temperature 塑炼, front machine degradation function is 主, oxygen to stability 游离基 function; rear 者以自动 oxidation degradation function is 主, machine function can strong/high 化橡胶 and oxygen 接触. 塑炼时, for machine function force very large, make separation fracture, this type of fracture large more in large separation in separation. 塑炼时, separation 子链愈 long easy 切断. 顺丁胶 and other therefore difficult machine 械断链, important causes 之一就 is is in relatively high molecular weight grade separation. add polymer/macromolecule amount grade separation rear, low temperature 塑炼时就 can obtain significantly 效果. oxygen is in can less factors, oxygen 时, method obtain 预期 效果. 生胶塑炼 塑炼时, equipment and between scratch make temperature rise high. hot for 塑炼效果极 is important, but also in different temperature degree scope/range inner effect/influence different. due to low temperature 塑炼时, main/primary machine force make separation fracture, therefore in 像章区域 inner （天然胶 low 于110℃）随 temperature degree rise high, viscosity decline, 塑炼时受 to function force relatively small, 以致塑炼效果反而 decline. versus 反, high temperature 塑炼时, main/primary is oxidation understanding reaction 起主导 function, 因而塑炼效果 in high temperature 区（天然胶 high 于110℃） will temperature degree rise high increase large, therefore temperature degree for 塑炼起 promote function. various due to features different, for most low 塑炼效果 temperature degree scope/range 也不一样, temperature degree for 塑炼效果 effect/influence 曲线形状 is versus 似. front already 知, low temperature also is high temperature 塑炼, use chemical increase agent can improve/increase 塑炼效果. agent type increase agent, 如苯醌 and nitrogen and other, it in low temperature 塑炼时起游离基接受 agent function, can make 断链 橡胶 separation 子游离基 stability, 进而生 formed relatively short separation 子; agent type increase agent, oxidation 二苯甲酰 and nitrogen 二异丁腈 and other, it in high temperature lower separation understanding formed unstable 游离基, again 引发橡胶 separation formed large separation 子游离基, 并进而 oxidation fracture. in addition, alcohol type and 二邻苯甲酰 amine 基苯基二硫化 material type material 质, it can make separation 子游离基 stability, also can in high temperature lower 引发橡胶形 formed 游离基 accelerated oxidation fracture, therefore, this category of chemical increase agent is mixed combined type increase agent or 链转移 type increase agent. 2, process in front usually 需进行烘胶, 切胶, and and other 处理. is is make hardness reduce 以便切胶, meanwhile also can understanding remove crystallization. requirements temperature degree high, time long, attention/notes effect/influence material mechanical properties; 例如天然胶烘胶 temperature degree generally is 50~60℃, time long 达数十 small 时. 生胶自烘房 in rear formed 10~20公斤 left right large block, 人工选 remove its rear again use machine 破胶以便塑炼. 按塑炼 use equipment type type, can large separation is types methods. 1, machine its advantages is 塑炼胶 material quality good, shrinkage small, production efficiency low, strong/high degree large. method 适宜于胶 material more and consumption amount less 工 injection molding processing processing. 开炼钢 machine belongs to low temperature 塑炼. therefore, reduce temperature degree increase large function force is machine key/critical. and temperature degree and machine function has equipment features and process conditions is effect/influence 塑炼效果 important factors. is reduce temperature, 开炼钢 machine 辊筒需进行 has cooling, therefore 辊筒设 has belt/tape water tube/pipe, toward surface water cooling reduce 辊筒需进行 has cooling, this can meet/satisfy various material 塑炼时 for temperature basic requirements. in addition, using/adopting cooling sheet/slice methods is has 效, make 塑炼形 formed sheet/slice through relatively long belt/tape （ or 导辊）经空 gas cooling rear again 返回辊 upper, and thin 通塑炼（ shrink small 辊距, make sheet/slice thin, 以利于 cooling ）皆 can. separation 段塑炼 目 也 is is reduce temperature, its as is will full process separation formed dry 段, formed, 每段塑炼 rear 生胶需充 separation cooling. generally separation is 2~3段, 每段停放 cooling 4~8 small 时. temperature 随塑炼 time long increase high, can and cooling, 则生胶 can property in 塑炼初期 significantly improve/increase, rear 则变化 very less, this type of phenomenon is due to temperature degree rise high soft 化, separation easy sliding and machine degradation efficiency reduce 致. temperature high also generate false can property, 一旦停放 cooling rear, can property also reduce. 两 辊筒 speed ratio large 则剪切 function strong/high; therefore, 塑炼效果愈 good. shrink small 辊间距也 can increase large machine 械剪切 function, improve/increase 塑炼效果. 2, machine 塑炼（ high temperature, 间断） 密炼 machine production can force large, strong/high degree relatively low, power/electricity consumption less; due to is system, therefore relatively difficult, suitable for types less combined. machine structure relatively complex, in 密炼室 inner 一方面 in and between 受剪应 force and scratch force function, 另一方面 also to upper outer pressure. 密炼时生 hot amount large, material material and cooling, therefore high temperature 塑炼, temperature degree usually high 于120℃, 甚至处于160~180℃ between. based on front high temperature mechanism, in machine in main/primary is 借助于 high temperature lower strong/high oxidation improve/increase can property; therefore, temperature degree is key/critical, machine 塑炼效果随 temperature degree rise high increase large. 天然胶 use method 塑炼时, temperature degree generally ultra- 155℃, 以110~120℃ most good, temperature degree high 也会导致橡胶 material mechanical properties decline. 3, screw machine 塑炼（ high temperature, 边续） screw features is in high temperature lower 进行连续塑炼. in screw machine in 生胶一方面受 to strong/high 烈 搅拌 function, 另一方面 due to use screw and machine inner 壁 摩 scratch generate a large amount of hot, accelerated oxidation understanding. use screw machine 塑炼时, temperature degree conditions very important, table/sheet 明, machine temperature degree 以95~110℃ is 宜, machine temperature degree 以80~90℃ is 宜. is machine temperature degree high 于110℃, can plastics property 也不会 again has large 变化. machine temperature degree ultra- 120℃则排胶 temperature degree high make sheet/slice viscous, viscous 辊, easy processing. machine temperature degree low 于90℃时, equipment negative increase large, 塑炼胶会出现夹生 phenomenon. combined formed 胶塑炼 relatively 天然胶困 difficult. is combined formed 胶塑炼 process property can, most good in combined formed process in attention/notes control and adjustment molecular weight large small and molecular weight distribution, made viscosity relatively low and process property can good product types, soft and soft 丁腈胶 and other. this product types can used for mixing/compounding. 顺丁胶 molecular weight relatively low, easy cold 流, 塑炼效果不 good, therefore 顺丁胶 and 适宜门尼 viscosity in combined formed types in obtain. chlorine 丁胶门尼 viscosity low, generally 不需塑炼, need 经 3~5次 thin can mixing/compounding. hard 丁腈胶门尼 viscosity is 90~120, property low, process property can 差, has 经 充 separation 塑炼才 can 进行进一步 processing. is, due to 丁腈胶 tough property large, 塑炼生 hot large, shrinkage 剧烈, especially difficult. improve/increase 丁腈胶 塑炼效果, using/adopting low temperature thin method, can can reduce temperature degree and strong/high machine function force, add increase agent can improve/increase 丁腈胶 塑炼效果. for mixing/compounding can degree improve/increase 不利, therefore, using/adopting. 丁基胶, 乙丙胶 chemical property stability, therefore 缺乏塑炼效果, front 者门尼 viscosity generally is 38~75, can 不经塑炼而直接 mixing/compounding, rear processing can property in combined formed process in obtain. 二, mixing/compounding 1, mixing/compounding is improve/increase product use property can, 改进橡胶 process property can and reduce cost, must in in add various combined agent. mixing/compounding is through machine function make and various combined agent uniform mixed combined process. mixing/compounding defect, material 会出现配 combined agent dispersion 不均, material can degree low or high, scorching/burn marks, and other to phenomenon, make rear 续工序 difficult positive 常进行, 并导致 formed product property can decline. control mixing/compounding quality for maintain semi formed product and formed product property can has important 意义. usually using/adopting project has: 1, or micro 镜观察; 2, can degree; 3, specific gravity; 4, hardness; 5, temperature material mechanical properties and chemical analysis and other. this 检验 目 is is 判断胶 material in combined agent dispersion is good, has add and add, and as is combined process requirements and other. 2, mixing/compounding due to viscosity very high, is make various combined agent uniform mixed and dispersion, must 借助炼胶 machine strong/high machine function mixing/compounding. various combined agent, due to its surface property different, it for active property 也各不一致. surface features, combined agent generally can separation is type: type tool has hydrophilic water property, carbon acid salt, 陶土, oxidation zinc, zinc and other; type tool has hydrophobic water property, various and other. front surface features and different, therefore easy by lubricating wet; rear surface features and versus 近, easy by lubricating wet. is obtain good mixing/compounding 效果, for hydrophilic water property combined agent surface must add chemical modified, improve/increase it and function active property, use surface active property agent can to types function. surface active property agent large more is has machine combined material, tool has for separation structure. its in has —OH, —NH2, —COOH, —NO2, —NO or —SH and other property 基团, tool has saturated and 剩余化 combined 价, has hydrophilic water property, can generate very strong/high water combined function; another, it separation structure in also has non property long or ring 式烃基, tool has hydrophobic water property. 因而当 surface active property agent 起 配 combined agent and between function, improve/increase combined agent in in mixing/compounding 效果. table/sheet active property agent also to stabilizer function, it can stability already dispersion combined agent pellets in material in dispersion 状态, poly 集基结团, from improve/increase material stability property. 判断一 types mixing/compounding property can excellent poor, 常以炭黑 by mixing/compounding to uniform dispersion time amount. molecular weight distribution wide narrow for mixing/compounding property can has important effect/influence. effect/influence in in dispersion factors remove 橡胶本身 outer, also has pellets large small, structure and surface active property and other has 关,因而炭黑 pellets fine, in in dispersion 就愈困 difficult, high structure 炭黑 空隙 large, in mixing/compounding 钢初期形 formed 包容胶 concentrated degree low viscosity large, in rear mixing/compounding in generate relatively large force, more easy dispersion. 3, mixing/compounding process currently, mixing/compounding process its use equipment, generally can separation is below/following types: 开放式炼 machine mixing/compounding and machine mixing/compounding. 1), 开放式炼胶 machine mixing/compounding in machine upper will pressure soft, rear 按一定顺序 add various combined agent, more 次反复捣胶 pressure 炼, using/adopting small thin method, make and combined agent versus mixed combined to uniform mixing/compounding 胶. add material for mixing/compounding as and material quality has very large effect/influence, different material, according to use Raw Materials property 点, using/adopting add material 顺序. usually add material is: 生胶（ or 塑炼胶）—— small material （ promote agent, active property agent, anti agent and other ）—— liquid soft agent ——补 strong/high agent, filling agent ——硫黄. production in, 常 别配 combined agent and mixing/compounding formed 母炼胶, promote agent 母炼胶, or soft agent formed 膏状, again use 母炼胶按 ratio/proportion material, rear mixing/compounding. this can improve/increase mixing/compounding uniform property, decrease/reduce powder agent 飞扬, improve/increase production efficiency. 开放式炼胶 machine mixing/compounding disadvantages is powder agent large, strong/high degree large, production efficiency low, production 规模也 comparison small; advantages is combined mixing/compounding material product types more or manufacturing 特殊胶 material. 2), machine mixing/compounding machine mixing/compounding generally need and pressure sheet/slice machine combined use, 先 生胶配 combined agent 按一定顺序投入密炼 machine mixing/compounding inner, make versus mixed combined uniform rear, 排胶于 pressure sheet/slice machine upper pressure formed sheet/slice, make material temperature degree reduce （不 high 于100℃）, rear again add 入硫化 agent and low temperature add 入 配 combined agent, through plant/unit or 人工捣胶反复 pressure 炼, mixing/compounding uniform, 经密炼 machine and pressure sheet/slice machine one-time mixing/compounding to uniform mixing/compounding methods 叫做一段 mixing/compounding method. has material chlorine material, 顺丁胶 material 经密炼 machine mixing/compounding rear, pressure sheet/slice machine lower sheet/slice cooling, 并停放一定 time, again to machine upper mixing/compounding, rear again in pressure sheet/slice machine upper add 入硫化 agent, ultra- promote agent and other, make its uniform dispersion, to uniform mixing/compounding 胶, this type of mixing/compounding methods 叫做二段 mixing/compounding. machine add material generally is: 生胶—— small material （包括 promote agent, active property agent, anti agent and other ）—— filler, strong/high agent —— liquid increase agent. need to quality good mixing/compounding 胶, according to material property 质 决定 combined 适 容 amount, add material 顺序以 and mixing/compounding time, temperature degree, upper pressure and other process conditions. has material using/adopting machine mixing/compounding, can and mixing/compounding process combined 并进行. experience 证明, 天然胶 using/adopting machine 进行一段 mixing/compounding relatively good. method production 工序, shrink short production cycle, improve/increase efficiency. in formulation in use a large amount of difficult in in uniform dispersion combined agent 时, 则不宜 using/adopting method, still use 塑炼胶进行 mixing/compounding, 以免发生 mixing/compounding phenomenon. machine mixing/compounding and 开放式炼胶 machine mixing/compounding versus ratio, machine 械化程 degree high, strong/high degree small, mixing/compounding time short, production efficiency high, in addition, mixing/compounding is 密闭, decrease/reduce powder agent 飞扬. remove upper types mixing/compounding methods outer, currently also has types new screw mixing/compounding machine （传递式 mixing/compounding machine ） mixing/compounding method, its features is mixing/compounding, production efficiency high. can make mixing/compounding and calendering, pressure 出联动 force, achieve 自动化. 3), types mixing/compounding features a, 天然胶 天然胶受 machine 械捏炼时, property increase very fast, hot amount ratio combined formed small, combined agent easy dispersion. add material for combined agent dispersion degree effect/influence combined formed that significantly, mixing/compounding time long, for material property can effect/influence ratio combined formed large. using/adopting 开放式炼胶 machine mixing/compounding 时, temperature generally is 50~60℃ left right ）. use machine more using/adopting mixing/compounding method. b, 丁苯胶 mixing/compounding hot large, rise temperature fast, mixing/compounding temperature degree ratio 天然胶 low. 丁苯胶 for powder agent wet lubricating can force relatively 差, powder agent difficult dispersion, therefore mixing/compounding time need ratio 天然胶 long, using/adopting 开放式炼胶 machine mixing/compounding add thin 通次数. use machine mixing/compounding, can using/adopting mixing/compounding method, agent, ultra- promote agent in 第二段 pressure sheet/slice machine in add 入, due to 丁苯胶 in high temperature lower easy poly, therefore machine mixing/compounding attention/notes control temperature degree generally temperature degree ultra- 130℃. c, chlorine chlorine material 理状态随 temperature degree 而变化. general purpose type chlorine in normal temperature lower 至70℃时 is elastic property 态, easy 包辊, mixing/compounding combined agent easy dispersion, temperature degree rise high to 70~94℃呈粒状, 并出现 viscous phenomenon can 进行塑炼, mixing/compounding, calendering and other process; temperature degree rise high 而呈塑 property 态时, non soft/flexible has elastic property, combined agent very difficult uniform dispersion. using/adopting 开放式炼胶 machine mixing/compounding 时, temperature generally in 40~50℃ scope/range inner, temperature degree high easy viscous 辊. add material add oxidation rear add oxidation zinc, this can scorching/burn marks. chlorine in 掺入10% 天然胶 or 顺丁胶时, can improvement process property can. use machine mixing/compounding 时, can using/adopting mixing/compounding, as more safety. oxidation zinc in 第二段 mixing/compounding pressure sheet/slice machine upper add 入. chlorine mixing/compounding 时, temperature degree high easy viscous and scorching/burn marks 毛病. therefore, as must control temperature degree and time. d, types or types above 橡胶并 use formulation in using/adopting types or types above and 橡胶, its mixing/compounding methods has types: types is 橡胶各自塑炼, make its can property versus 近, rear versus mixed 均, again add various combined agent, make dispersion uniform. method 简便; types methods is various separation add combined agent mixing/compounding, rear material again versus mixing/compounding uniform. rear can improve/increase mixing/compounding uniform degree. 三, 硫化 1. for property can and effect/influence 1), strong/high degree through 硫化, mono separation generate crosslinked, crosslinked density increase, generate deformation （如 tensile long degree 200% or 300%） 需 outer force 就随之 increase, 硫化胶也就越 hard. for certain 一橡胶, experiment/testing temperature degree and sheet/slice 形状以 and long 一定时, 则定伸 strong/high degree and MC（两 crosslinked between separation 子 平均 molecular weight ） formed ratio, is and crosslinked degree formed positive ratio. this crosslinked degree large, crosslinked 键间链段平均 molecular weight small, strong/high degree 也就越 high. 2), hardness and strong/high degree 一样, crosslinked degree increase, hardness 也逐渐 increase, amount hardness is in 一定形变 lower 进行, therefore has 关定促 strong/high degree upper 述情况也 basic suitable for hardness. 3), resistant strong/high degree resistant strong/high degree and strong/high degree and hardness different, it crosslinked 键数目 increase 而不断 upper rise, make 硫磺硫化 橡胶, crosslinked degree to value rear, 如若继续 crosslinked, its resistant strong/high degree decline. in use amount very high hard in, resistant strong/high degree decline rear also upper rise, 一直达 to hard water is 止. 4), elongation and deformation elongation crosslinked degree increase reduce, deformation has 同样 规律. has 硫化返原 property 橡胶如天然橡胶 and 丁基橡胶, in 硫化以 rear due to crosslinked degree reduce, its elongation and deformation also 会逐渐 increase large. 5), elastic property 未硫化胶受 to relatively long time outer force function 时, main/primary 发生塑 property flow, separation basic upper has to 原 位置 倾 toward. 橡胶硫化 rear, crosslinked make separation or solid 定, 形变受 to 网络 约束, outer force function remove rear, separation or force 图回复原 构象 and 位置, therefore rear performance very large elastic property. crosslinked degree increase, this type of can elastic property performance more is significantly. 2. process stage/phase material in 硫化时, its property can 随硫化 time 变化而变化 曲线, is 硫化曲线. from time effect/influence material strong/high degree process 看, can will 整 硫化 time separation is stage/phase: 硫化起步 stage/phase, stage/phase, positive stage/phase and stage/phase. 1), 硫化起步 stage/phase （ also scorching/burn marks or 硫化诱导期） 硫化起步 意思 is 指硫化 time material 开始变 hard rear can thermoplastic property flow that time. 硫起步 stage/phase 即此点以 front time. in this stage/phase inner, crosslinked 尚未开始, material in type inner has good flow property. material 硫化起步 fast slow, effect/influence material scorching/burn marks and as safety property. this stage/phase long short 取决于 use combined agent, especially is promote agent types type. use has ultra- speed promote agent material, its scorching/burn marks comparison short, 此时胶 material relatively easy scorching/burn marks, as safety property 差. in use property promote agent （如亚磺酰 amine ） or and less 许秋兰姆 promote agent use 时, can relatively long scorching/burn marks and good as safety property. is, different methods and products, for scorching/burn marks time long short has different requirements. in 硫化模 pressure products 时, is has relatively long scorching/burn marks 期, make material has separation time in type inner flow, 而不致 make products 出现花纹不清晰 or short shot and other to defect. in non type in, requirements 硫化起步应尽 can can 早一, is material fast speed hard, has anti products hot soft 而发生 deformation. in large more 数情况 lower still has relatively long scorching/burn marks time ensure as safety property. 2), stage/phase （ also 称预硫 stage/phase ） 硫化起步 and positive between stage/phase is stage/phase. in stage/phase, due to crosslinked degree low, products tool property can large more also obvious. especially is stage/phase 初期, material crosslinked degree very low, its property can 变化甚 micro, products has use 意义. is to stage/phase rear 期, products light micro 欠硫时, tube/pipe products resistant strong/high degree, elastic property, elongation and other 尚未达 to water 平, its resistant property wear resistance and resistant 动态裂口 property and other excellent positive 硫化胶 material. therefore, if heavy requirements rear types property can 时, products can light micro 欠硫. 3), positive stage/phase large more 数情况 lower, products in 硫化时都必 must make to crosslinked degree, to 适当 我联 degree stage/phase positive stage/phase, positive stage/phase. in stage/phase, 硫化胶 各项 material mechanical properties non in 同一时都达 to most high value, is separation to or most value, its comprehensive property can most good. stage/phase temperature degree and time is positive temperature degree and positive time. positive time must products requirements property can and products thick thin 而定. 例如, heavy requirements resistant property good products, 应考虑 resistant strong/high degree most high or most high value time is positive time; requirements wear resistance high products, can abrasion consumption amount small time is positive time. for/regarding thick products, in selection positive time 时, will “ rear 硫化”考虑进. 谓“ rear 硫化”, is products 硫取出以 rear, due to thermally conductive property 差, hot time long, products dispersion hot drop temperature relatively slow, therefore it also can 继续进行硫化, will it is “ rear 硫化”. “ rear 硫化”导致 resistant strong/high degree and hardness 进一步 increase, elastic property and its it mechanical properties reduce, products use lifespan 因之受 to loss 害. therefore, products thick 就越应 will “ rear 硫化”考虑进. in generally lower, can according to resistant strong/high degree most high value front time or strong/high 伸积（ resistant strong/high degree and elongation 乘积） most high value time is positive time. 4), stage/phase positive stage/phase rear, 继续硫化便进入 硫 stage/phase. this stage/phase front belongs to 硫化平坦期 一部 separation. in 平坦期 in, 硫化胶 各项 material mechanical properties basic upper maintain stability. 当 平坦期之 rear, 天然橡胶 and 丁基橡胶 due to more crosslinked 出现硫化返原 phenomenon soft; combined formed 橡胶则因 crosslinked 继续占 advantages and ring structure increase more hard, elongation 也随之 reduce, property can to loss 害. 硫化平坦期 long short, not only table/sheet material heat stabilized property high low, but also for process safety as and thick products quality good bad has effect/influence. for/regarding 硫黄硫化而言, 硫化平坦期 long short, in very large degree upper 取决于 use promote agent types type and use amount. use has ultra- speed promote agent （如TMTD） 胶 material, in 硫化开始以 rear, due to it speed active property, crosslinked fracture to 补充, 引起硫化平坦期 shrink short. if crosslinked heat stabilized property 差, easy generate 硫化返原 phenomenon. crosslinked 键 键 can relatively high 时, make use ultra- speed promote agent can obtain relatively long 硫化平坦期, use low high system, can to this 一目. increase high temperature degree, understanding ratio crosslinked speed degree increase more fast, 硫化返原倾 toward strong/high, 硫化平坦期也越 short. therefore using/adopting high temperature 硫化时, must can make 硫化平坦期 relatively long promote agent. use ultra- speed promote agent 时, requirements temperature degree low, 否则硫化平坦期 will shrink short to 甚至不 can anti can can 发生 硫. 3. use 硫化仪测定硫化程 degree use 硫化仪测定胶 material features 方便, but also 需进行 one-time experiment/testing can to 完整 硫化曲线. 由此曲线 can or simple to full sleeve/set parameters: viscosity, most low viscosity, time （ scorching/burn marks time ）, speed degree, positive time and active can and other. due to 硫化仪 tool has this advantages, its in industrial production upper and 硫化动 force 学, mechanism and other research upper to 越 越广泛 application.