Shanghai Daoqin Plastics Co., Ltd.

本书 main/primary thermoplastic property plastics general purpose injection molding parts molding process. meanwhile introduction raw materials, injection molding parts mold, equipment, product design and extrusion pipe/tube Knowledge. 一． plastics Knowledge 1. plastics formed and classification 1.1 plastics 定义: plastics is polymer/macromolecule resin is main/primary formed separation, in conditions lower （如 temperature degree, pressure and other ） can made formed 一定形状且 in normal temperature lower maintain 形状不变 材 material. plastics it can is pure resin, can is add has various additives mixed combined material, additives is use improvement pure resin material mechanical properties, improvement processing properties or is resin. therefore, plastics most basic material chemical property is resin property 质 决定. resin can separation resin and resin, rear also combined formed resin. resin high poly material, this high poly material has separation internal structure and separation external structure. polymer/macromolecule internal structure high poly material most basic material chemical property 质; polymer/macromolecule external structure 则决定 high poly material processing properties and material mechanical properties. 1.2 plastics formed: plastics combined formed resin （极 less resin ） is basic raw materials, can can add filler, increase agent, material, stabilizer, lubricant and other various material formed. therefore, different product types grade plastics, due to selection resin and material property can, formed separation, ratio and plastics production process different, its use and process features 也各不 same. 1.3 plastics classification: 1.3.1按受 hot 时 行 is separation: a) thermoplastic property plastics add hot soft flow, cooling hard molding product, this type of process is can 逆, can 反复进行. polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polyoxymethylene (POM), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), acrylic type plastics, its it polyolefin and its copolymer, polysulfone (PSU), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), chlorine polyether and other is thermoplastic property plastics. thermoplastic property plastics in resin separation 子链都 is type or belt/tape structure, separation between chemical generate, add hot soft flow, cooling hard process is material 理变化. b) hot solid property plastics one-time add hot can soft flow, add hot to temperature degree, generate chemical reaction, crosslinked solid 化而变 hard, this type of is can 逆, rear, again add hot 时, already can again soft flow. positive is this type of features molding processing, utilizing one-time add hot 时 塑化 flow, in pressure lower type 腔, solid formed is 确定形状 and dimensions products. this type of material is solid property plastics. hot solid property relatively resin solid front is type or belt/tape 支链, solid rear separation between formed chemical 键, formed is degree structure, not only can again melt, in solvent agent in can solvent understanding. aldehyde, aldehyde, poly amine aldehyde, ring oxygen, saturated and polyester, has machine silicon and other plastics, is hot solid property plastics. 1.3.2 按 resin combined formed reaction type type separation: a) polymerization type plastics resin is polymerization reaction made. this type of resin generally is has saturated and 键, main/primary is di mono 体, di 键打开生 formed, reaction process in low separation material 释出. polyolefin, poly 卤代烯烃, polystyrene (PS), polyoxymethylene (POM), acrylic type plastics belongs to polymerization type plastics. polymerization type plastics is thermoplastic property plastics. b) polycondensation type plastics resin is polycondensation reaction made. this type of resin generally is has certain types can 团（ generally most less has 两 官 can 团） mono 体, can between reaction make mono 体连接起 而形 formed. 1.3.3 按 plastics in resin large separation has 序状态 separation:a) 无定形 plastics resin large separation 子 排列 is 无序. this type of plastics, due to resin separation structure features, or hot force causes, or molding process process conditions scope/range made, separation 子链不会 generate has 序 整齐堆砌形 formed crystallization structure, 而呈现 random 则 随 machine 排列. in pure resin 状态, this type of plastics is transparent. b) crystallization type plastics resin large separation 子排列呈现出 has versus. from melt cooling is products process in, resin separation can has 序 紧密堆砌 generate crystallization structure. generally crystallization type plastics, upper is semi crystallization, low separation 子晶体（例如NaCl） that can generate 100% crystallization degree. resin large separation 子链排列呈现出无定形 versus and crystallization versus 共存 状态. molding conditions for crystallization degree and structure has obvious effect/influence, from for products property can has obvious effect/influence. crystallization structure in thermoplastic property plastics in. 1.3.4按 property can and application scope separation: a) general purpose plastics general purpose plastics is production amount large, 货源广, price low, a large amount of application plastics. general purpose plastics generally tool has good molding process property, can using/adopting multiple process molding multiple applications products. generally 说, general purpose plastics tool has comprehensive force property can and heat resistant property, used for requirements relatively high structural parts and in relatively high temperature degree lower as heat resistant parts. general purpose plastics product types, has certain excellent property can, make it tool has applications. polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), aldehyde plastics combined large general purpose plastics. its it polyolefin, ethylene plastics and its copolymer and modified material, acrylic plastics, plastics and other belongs to general purpose plastics. b) engineering plastics engineering plastics is that tool has force property can, heat resistant property, or excellent chemical resistant agent, resistant solvent agent property, or in ring conditions lower can maintain good insulation electrical property can plastics. engineering plastics generally can as is structural parts, high temperature ring lower heat resistant parts and parts, high temperature conditions, wet conditions, large scope/range frequency conditions lower electrical products and insulation use product. engineering plastics production amount small, price relatively 昂贵, applications scope/range versus for narrow, generally is certain applications production 一定批 amount material. has engineering plastics main/primary product types has polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), ABS, PET, PBT, polysulfone (PSU), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), chlorine polyether, polyimide (PI), polyether ether ketone, fluorine plastics, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (PE), ring oxygen plastics and saturated and polyester and other. in addition also has tool has certain types function, certain types applications specialty engineering plastics, used for conductive, pressure electrical, hot electrical, magnetic, light, anti 辐射, light fiber, liquid 晶, polymer/macromolecule separation film, used for scratch abrasion loss applications and other plastics. specialty engineering plastics also function plastics. specialty engineering plastics main/primary formed separation is resin, has is combined formed specialty resin, has is using/adopting upper general purpose plastics or engineering plastics use resin 经特殊处理 or modified rear obtain property can. 2. plastics basic property can 2.1 质 light, ratio strong/high degree high plastics light, generally plastics density in 0.9 ~ 2.3 g/cm³ between, has iron 1/8, aluminum 1/2 left right, various foam plastics density more low, in 0.1 ~ O.5 g/cm³ between. ratio strong/high degree is mono quality strong/high degree, has reinforcement plastics ratio strong/high degree 接近甚至 ultra- 钢材. alloy 钢材, its mono quality tensile strength is 160 兆帕, use glass fiber reinforcement plastics can to 170 ~ 400 兆帕. generally 而言, more plastics ratio strong/high degree and metal in 同一数 amount grade, ratio rigid degree low metal 数倍至一 数 amount grade, certain structure foam plastics, ratio rigid degree can and metal 媲美. use high modulus reinforcement agent reinforcement rear, certain plastics ratio rigid degree can ultra- metal. 2.2 excellent electrical insulation property can has plastics tool has excellent electrical insulation property can, small dielectric loss and excellent resistant electrical features, this property can can and 陶瓷媲美. 2.3 excellent chemical stability property can generally plastics for acid alkali and other chemical product has good corrosion resistant can force, especially is PTFE chemical resistant property can ratio also need good, can resistant " water " and other strong/high property electrical understanding 质 腐蚀, by is “ plastics 王”. 2.4 decrease 摩, wear resistance can good large more plastics tool has excellent decrease 摩, wear resistant and lubricated features. many engineering plastics manufacturing resistant scratch parts is utilizing plastics this features, in wear resistant plastics in add certain solid lubricant and filler 时, can reduce its friction coefficient or 进一步 improve/increase its wear resistance can. 2.5透 light and anti property can more plastics can as is transparent or semi transparent products, its in polystyrene (PS) and acrylic ester type plastics 象玻璃一样 transparent. has machine 玻璃化 Scientific Names is polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), can used as aviation 玻璃材 material. polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and other plastics film tool has good light and property can, a large amount of used as use film. plastics tool has multiple anti property can, therefore used as anti 护保装 use product, plastics film, 箱, 桶, bottle and other. 2.6 decrease 震, property can excellent certain plastics flexibility 而富于 elastic property, it to outer frequency machine impact and 振动时, internal generate viscous property inner consumption, will machine can formed hot can, therefore, engineering upper used as decrease 震消音材 material. 例如, use engineering plastics made as bearings and can decrease small 噪音, various foam plastics more is use excellent decrease 震消音材 material. upper plastics excellent property can, make it in 工农业 production and day active in tool has applications; it already from as is metal, 玻璃, 陶瓷, and fiber and other material use product, 而一跃 formed is 现代生 active and industrial can less material. however, plastics has 不足之处. 例如, heat resistant property ratio metal and other material 差, generally plastics can in 100℃ below/following temperature degree use, less 数 200℃ left right use; plastics thermal expansion coefficient need ratio metal large 3 ~ 10 倍, easy temperature degree 变化而 effect/influence dimensions stability property; in function lower, plastics slow generate viscous property flow or deformation, creep phenomenon; in addition, plastics in large gas, cationic light, long pressure or certain function lower 会发生 aging, make property can bad and other. plastics this disadvantages or more or less effect/influence or made it application. is, plastics industrial development and plastics material research as in-depth, this disadvantages positive by 逐渐克服, property can excellent new plastics and various plastics composite/compounding material positive 不断涌现. 3. plastics molding related 名词 3.1 density / specific gravity density is material mono 位体积 weight. specific gravity is material density and water density ratio value. 3.2 ratio and pressure shrink rate ratio is 每一克 plastics has 体积（cm³/g）, pressure shrink rate is powder and parts 两者体积 or ratio ratio value （ its value large 于1）. it can by use pressure material large small, its value large requirements material 室体积 need large, meanwhile also 说明塑 powder inner gas more, gas difficult, formed cycle long, production rate low. ratio small 则反之, but also has pressure 锭, pressure made. 3.3 water absorption water absorption is plastics absorption water separation degree, method is will sample dry rear heavy, water in 24 or 48 small rear, again heavy, weight increase percentage, is water absorption. 3.4 flow property plastics in temperature degree and pressure lower filling type can force is flow property. this is injection molding parts mold design must 考虑 一 important process parameters. flow property large easy formed material more, filling type 腔不密实, parts hydrophobic 松, resin, filler separation poly 积, easy mold sticking, demolding and 清理困 difficult, hard 化 早 and other 弊病. flow property small filling 不足, easy formed 形, formed pressure large. therefore selection plastics flow property must and parts requirements, molding process and formed conditions versus 适应. 3.5 hard features hot solid property plastics in molding process in in add hot pressure lower formed can property viscous 流状态, flow property increase large filling type 腔, and meanwhile shrink combined reaction, crosslinked density increase, flow property speed decline, melt material solid 化. injection molding parts mold design for hard speed degree fast, maintain flow short material attention/notes 便于装 material, 装卸嵌 parts and selection combined molding conditions and as and other 以免 早 hard or hard 化不足, 导致塑 parts formed defect. 3.6 water separation and material content various plastics in has different degree water separation, material content, more flow property increase large, easy material, maintain time long, shrinkage increase large, easy 发生波纹, warpage and other 弊病, effect/influence parts machine electrical property can. plastics drying 时也会导致 flow property defect molding difficult, therefore different plastics requirements preheating drying, for wet property strong/high material, especially in wet 季节即 make for preheating rear material anti again wet 3.7 hot property hot property plastics certain plastics for hot relatively is 敏感, in high temperature lower hot time relatively long or material 口截面 small, function large 时, material temperature increase high easy 发生变 color, drop poly, separation understanding toward, tool has this type of features plastics is hot property plastics. 3.8 water property has plastics （如 polycarbonate (PC) ）即 make has a small amount of water separation, in high temperature, high pressure lower 也会发生 separation understanding, this type of property can is water property, for must add hot drying. 3.9 吸 wet property plastics in has various additives, make its for water separation has different hydrophilic hydrophobic degree, therefore plastics large can separation is wet, viscous water separation and water easy viscous water separation types, material in water amount must control in scope/range inner, in high temperature, high pressure lower water separation formed gas or hydrolysis function, make resin 起泡, flow property decline, appearance and machine electrical property can defect. therefore wet property plastics must requirements using/adopting add hot methods and specification preheating, in use also use outer 线照射以 anti again wet. 3.10 透 gas property gas property is plastics film or plastics sheet/plate gas 体穿透 property can 3.11 melt melt 指数（MI）, is types table/sheet plastics material processing flow property value. 3.12 tensile strength / fracture elongation tensile strength is plastics material tensile to certain degree (如屈服点 or fracture 点) force large small, usually mono 位面积 how much force table/sheet 示. its tensile rear long degree and long degree percentage is fracture elongation. 3.13 flexural strength flexural strength is plastics resistant bending can force. 3.14 impact strong/high degree impact strong/high degree is plastics outer force impact can most large can amount. 3.15 hardness generally plastics hardness most commonly used hardness and hardness types testing methods table/sheet 示. its in 绍氏A commonly used relatively soft plastics, TPE and other elastomer or and other; D use relatively hard plastics, generally use plastics and engineering plastics, more high property can engineering plastics or relatively hard engineering plastics, use 洛氏 测定. 3.16 heat deflection temperature (HDT) heat deflection temperature (HDT) is make plastics sheet/slice in pressure and temperature degree lower, bending to 一定程 degree temperature degree. 3.17 long heat resistant temperature degree long heat resistant temperature degree is plastics material in long time use heat resistant property. 3.18 chemical resistant product property chemical resistant product property is will plastics material in temperature degree lower 浸漬于 solvent agent in time rear, its weight, 体积, tensile strength and fracture elongation 变化, small table/sheet tool has excellent resistant solvent agent property 變. 3.19 weather resistance weather resistance is plastics material for outer ring lower, light, hot, large gas, effect/influence, 而引起质变, poor 化 抵 resistant property. 3.20 transparent degree transparent degree is plastics in can light light rate, plastics light process degree, can separation is transparent property, semi transparent property and transparent property. 3.21 gloss degree gloss degree is table/sheet material 质近似 can full light 完美镜面程 degree, gloss degree good, table/sheet material tool has light outer table/sheet. 3.22 insulation bad electrical pressure insulation bad electrical pressure is will high electrical 位差施 add sheet/slice, to insulation property bad most small electrical pressure, remove 以两极间距离（ Sample thick degree ） value （Kv/mm）. 3.23 熔化 hot hot also 称熔化潜 hot, is crystallization type polymer in formed or 熔化晶体时 need can amount. this separation can amount is use polymer/macromolecule crystallization structure, therefore injection molding parts crystallization type polymer need ratio injection molding parts non crystallization type material to 指定熔化 temperature degree lower can amount need more, for/regarding non crystallization type polymer 无需熔化潜 hot. 3.24 specific heat capacity specific heat capacity is mono weight material material temperature degree upper rise 1 degree 时 需 hot amount [J/kg.k]. 3.25 hot expand dispersion hot expand dispersion is temperature degree in add hot material material in speed degree, also thermal conductivity its value is mono quality material material temperature degree rise high 1 degree 时 需 hot amount （ specific heat capacity ） and material absorption hot amount speed degree （ thermal conductivity ） 决定. pressure for hot expand dispersion effect/influence small, temperature degree for its effect/influence relatively large. 自: China injection molding parts forum (http://bbs.yxx.com.cn/ShowPost.asp?ThreadID=22835)