Shanghai Daoqin Plastics Co., Ltd.

Common plastics material:

usually use plastics is types mono formed separation, it is many material made formed. its in polymer/macromolecule polymer (or combined formed resin) is plastics main/primary formed separation, in addition, is plastics property can, also need in polymer/macromolecule combined material in add various 辅助材 material, filler, increase agent, lubricant, stabilizer, color agent, anti-static agent and other, can formed is property can good plastics.

plastics additives also plastics additives, is polymer （ combined formed resin ）进行 molding processing is improvement its processing properties or is improvement resin property can 不足而必 must add 一 化 combined material. 例如, is reduce polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin molding temperature degree, make products soft/flexible add increase agent; also is made quality light, resistant 振, thermal insulation, foam plastics need add foaming agent; has plastics hot separation understanding temperature degree and molding processing temperature degree non 常接近, add heat stabilized agent method molding. 因而, plastics additives in plastics molding processing in has especially important 位.

plastics is mono is raw materials, through addition polymerization or polycondensation reaction polymerization formed polymer/macromolecule combined material (macromolecules), plastics (plastics) or resin (resin), can 自由改变 formed separation and 形体样式, combined formed resin and filler, increase agent, stabilizer, lubricant, color material and other additives formed.

拓展资 material:

一, applications classification

according to various plastics different use features, usually will plastics separation is general purpose plastics, engineering plastics and specialty plastics types type type.

① general purpose plastics

generally is output/production volume large, applications 广, molding property good, price plastics. general purpose plastics has large product types, polyethylene (PE) (PE), polypropylene (PP) (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (PVC), polystyrene (PS) (PS) and acrylonitrile ─ butadiene ─ styrene polymer （ABS）. this large type plastics plastics raw materials use large more 数, its basic can 归入特殊 plastics product types, 如: PPS, PPO, PA, PC, POM and other, it in day use active product in use amount very less, main applications in engineering industry, national defense and other high field/area, automotive, aerospace, construction, and other field/area. plastics according to its can property classification, can separation is thermoplastic property plastics and hot solid property plastics. usually lower, thermoplastic property plastics product can again recycling utilizing, hot solid property plastics can, according to plastics optical property can separation, can separation is transparent, semi transparent and transparent raw materials, 如PS, PMMA, AS, PC and other belongs to transparent plastics, its it large more plastics is transparent plastics.

commonly used plastics product types property can and applications:

1． polyethylene (PE):

commonly used polyethylene (PE) can separation is low density polyethylene (PE) （LDPE）, high density polyethylene (PE) （HDPE） and property low density polyethylene (PE) （LLDPE）. 三者当 in, HDPE has relatively good thermal properties, electrical property can and mechanical properties, 而LDPE and LLDPE has relatively good flexibility property, impact property can, formed film property and other. LDPE and LLDPE main/primary used for packaging use film, use film, plastics modified and other, 而HDPE applications comparison 广泛, film, pipe/tube, injection day use product and other more field/area.

2． polypropylene (PP):

versus for 说, polypropylene (PP) product types more more, applications comparison complex, field/area more, product types main/primary has homopolymer polypropylene (PP) （homopp）, copolymer polypropylene (PP) （copp） and random copolymer polypropylene (PP) （rapp）, according to applications different, homopolymer main/primary use in wire drawing, fiber, injection, BOPP film and other field/area, copolymer polypropylene (PP) main applications use electrical appliances injection parts, modified raw materials, day use injection product, pipe/tube and other, random polypropylene (PP) main/primary used for transparent products, high property can product, high property can pipe/tube and other.

3． polyvinyl chloride (PVC):

due to its cost low 廉, product tool has flame retardant features, in construction field/area applications 广泛, especially is lower water pipe/tube, 塑钢门窗, sheet/plate 材, leather and other applications most is 广泛.

4． polystyrene (PS):

as is types transparent Raw Materials, in has transparent demand lower, applications 广泛, automotive lamp covers, day use transparent parts, transparent 杯, and other.

5．ABS:

is types applications engineering plastics, tool has material machine and thermal properties, widely used in use electrical appliances, sheet/plate, 面罩, combined parts, parts and other, especially is use electrical appliances, 如洗衣 machine, 空调, 冰箱, electrical and other, use amount separation large, another in plastics modified 方面, applications very 广.

② engineering plastics

generally can 承受一定 outer force function, tool has good mechanical properties and resistant high, low temperature property can, dimensional stability relatively good, can used as engineering structure plastics, polyamide (PA), polysulfone (PSU) and other. in engineering plastics in also will its separation is general purpose engineering plastics and specialty engineering plastics large type. engineering plastics mechanical properties, resistant property, corrosion resistant property, heat resistant property and other can to more high requirements, but also processing more 方便并 can substitute/replace metal material. engineering plastics by widely used in electronics electrical, automotive, construction, office equipment, machine 械, aviation aerospace and other industry, 以塑代钢, 以塑代木 already formed is 国际流行 trend.

general purpose engineering plastics 包括: polyamide (PA), polyoxymethylene (POM), polycarbonate (PC), modified polyphenylene oxide (PPO), thermoplastic polyester, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (PE), 甲基戊烯 polymer, ethylene alcohol copolymer and other.

specialty engineering plastics also has crosslinked type non crosslinked type separation. crosslinked type has: polyurethane di 马 酰 amine, poly 三嗪, crosslinked polyimide (PI), heat resistant ring oxygen and other. non crosslinked type has: polysulfone (PSU), polyether 砜, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyimide (PI), polyether ether ketone （PEEK） and other.

③ specialty plastics

generally is tool has specialty function, can used for aviation, aerospace and other application areas plastics. fluorine plastics and has machine silicon tool has high temperature resistance, lubricated and other 特殊功 use, reinforcement plastics and foam plastics tool has high strength, high property and other property can, this plastics belongs to specialty plastics 范畴.

a. reinforcement plastics:

reinforcement plastics raw materials in outer upper can separation is 粒状（如钙塑 reinforcement plastics ）, fiber 状（如 glass fiber or 玻璃布 reinforcement plastics ）, sheet/slice 状（如云母 reinforcement plastics ）三 types. 按材质 can separation is reinforcement plastics （如碎布 reinforcement or reinforcement plastics ）, machine mineral filled plastics （如石英 or filling plastics ）, fiber reinforcement plastics （如 carbon fiber reinforced plastics ）三 types.

b. foam plastics:

foam plastics can separation is hard 质, semi hard and soft foam plastics types. hard foam plastics has flexibility property, pressure shrink hardness very large, has to 一定应 force value generate deformation, force understanding remove rear can 恢复原状; soft foam plastics has flexibility property, pressure shrink hardness very small, very easy deformation, force understanding remove rear can 恢复原状, deformation relatively small; semi hard foam plastics flexibility property and other property can hard and soft foam plastics between.

二, classification

according to various plastics different features, can plastics separation is hot solid property plastics and thermoplastic property plastics types type type.

(1) thermoplastic property plastics

thermoplastic property plastics (Thermo plastics): add hot rear 会熔化, can flow mold cooling rear molding, again add hot rear also 会熔化 plastics; can use add hot and cooling, make its generate can 逆变化(liquid 态←→ solid 态), is material 理变化. general purpose thermoplastic property plastics its use temperature degree in 100℃ below/following, polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) is large general purpose plastics. hot plastics property plastics also separation type, property ethylene type, engineering type, fiber type and other multiple type type. hot soft, cooling hard, can soft and hard maintain 一定 形状. can solvent 于一定 solvent agent, tool has can can solvent property 质. thermoplastic property plastics tool has excellent electrical insulation property, especially is PTFE （PTFE）, polystyrene (PS) (PS), polyethylene (PE) (PE), polypropylene (PP) (PP)都 tool has low dielectric constant and loss consumption, as high frequency and high electrical pressure insulation material. thermoplastic property plastics easy molding processing, heat resistant property relatively low, easy creep, its creep degree 随承受 negative 荷, ring temperature degree, solvent agent, wet degree 而变化. is thermoplastic property plastics this low 点, meet/satisfy in technology, new can development and other field/area application need, 各国都 in development can melt molding heat resistant property resin, polyether ether ketone （PEEK）, polyether 砜(PES), poly 芳砜(PASU), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) (PPS) and other. it as is resin composite/compounding material tool has relatively high force property can and chemical resistant property, can hot molding and welding, 层间剪切 strong/high degree ratio ring oxygen resin good. use polyether ether ketone as is resin and carbon fiber made formed composite/compounding material, fatigue resistance ultra- ring oxygen / carbon fiber. it resistant impact property good, in room temperature lower tool has good creep resistance, processing property good, can in 240～270℃连续 use, is types non 常理想 high temperature resistance insulation material. use polyether as is resin and carbon fiber made formed composite/compounding material in 200℃ tool has relatively high strong/high degree and hardness, in -100℃尚 can maintain good resistant impact property; 无毒, 不燃, most less, resistant property good, can use it as aerospace key/critical parts, also can processing formed 雷达天线罩 and other.

甲 aldehyde crosslinked type plastics 包括酚 aldehyde plastics, plastics （如脲－甲 aldehyde －三 poly amine －甲 aldehyde and other ）. other crosslinked type plastics 包括不 saturated and polyester, ring oxygen resin, 邻苯二甲二烯丙 ester resin and other.

(2) hot solid property plastics

hot solid property plastics is in hot or other conditions lower can solid or tool has solvent （熔） features plastics, aldehyde plastics, ring oxygen plastics and other. hot solid property plastics also separation aldehyde crosslinked type and other crosslinked type types type type. hot processing molding rear formed tool has 不熔不 solvent solid material, its resin separation 子由线 type structure crosslinked formed structure. again add strong/high hot separation understanding bad. type hot solid property plastics has aldehyde, ring oxygen, 氨基, saturated and polyester, 呋喃, poly silicon ether and other material, also has relatively new poly 苯二甲 acid propylene ester plastics and other. it tool has heat resistant property high, hot easy deformation and other advantages. disadvantages is machine strong/high degree generally high, can through add filler, made formed lamination material or pressure material improve/increase its machine strong/high degree.

以酚 aldehyde resin is main/primary raw materials made formed hot solid property plastics, aldehyde pressure plastics （俗称 electrical 木）, tool has solid resistant use, dimensions stability, resistant remove strong/high alkali outer other chemical material function and other features. can according to different applications and requirements, add various filler and additives. requirements high insulation property can product types, can using/adopting or glass fiber is filler; need heat resistant product types, can using/adopting or other heat resistant filler; requirements resistant product types, can using/adopting various fiber or is filler and toughening agent made formed high toughness material. in addition also can using/adopting amine, ring oxygen, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE) alcohol shrink aldehyde and other modified aldehyde resin meet/satisfy different applications requirements. use aldehyde resin also can made formed aldehyde laminate, its features is machine strong/high degree high, electrical property can good, corrosion resistant, easy processing, widely used in low pressure electrical equipment.

氨基 plastics has aldehyde, poly amine aldehyde, 脲素三 poly amine aldehyde and other. it tool has 质 坚 hard, resistant 刮痕, color, semi transparent and other advantages, add color material can made formed color color products, electrical 玉. due to it oil resistant, low alkali and has machine solvent agent effect/influence （但不 resistant acid ）, can in 70℃ lower long use, short can resistant 110～120℃, can used for electrical products. poly amine aldehyde plastics ratio aldehyde plastics hardness high, has more good resistant water, heat resistant, resistant electrical property, can as resistant electrical insulation material.

以 ring oxygen resin is main/primary raw materials made formed hot solid property plastics product types very more, its in di 酚A type ring oxygen resin is 基材 约占90%. it tool has excellent bonding property, electrical insulation property, heat resistant property and chemical stability property, shrinkage rate and water absorption small, machine strong/high degree good and other features.

不 saturated and polyester and ring oxygen resin can made formed 玻璃钢, tool has excellent machine strong/high degree. saturated and polyester 玻璃钢, its mechanical properties good, density small （ has 钢 1/5至1/4, aluminum 1/2）, easy processing formed various electrical appliances parts. 以苯二甲 acid propylene ester resin made formed plastics electrical property can and mechanical properties excellent aldehyde and hot solid property plastics. it wet property small, products dimensions stability, molding property can good, resistant acid alkali and water and has machine solvent agent. plastics manufacturing structure complex, resistant temperature also has high insulation property parts. generally can in -60～180℃ temperature degree scope/range long use, heat resistant and other grade can 达F grade to H grade, ratio aldehyde and plastics heat resistant property high.

poly silicon ether structure has machine silicon plastics in electronics, electrical technology in application relatively more. has machine silicon lamination plastics more 以玻璃布 is strong/high material; has machine silicon pressure plastics more glass fiber and is filler, use manufacturing high temperature resistance, high frequency or water electrical machine, electrical appliances, electronics equipment parts and other. this category of plastics features is dielectric constant and tgδ value relatively small, frequency rate effect/influence small, used for electrical and electronics industrial in resistant electrical and electrical 弧, make electrical separation understanding, material is oxidation silicon is can conductive carbon 黑. this category of material has heat resistant property, can in 250℃连续 use. poly silicon ether main/primary disadvantages is machine strong/high degree low, viscous property small, oil resistant property 差. already development many modified has machine silicon polymer, polyester modified has machine silicon plastics and other in electrical technology upper to application. has plastics is thermoplastic property also is hot solid property plastics. polyvinyl chloride (PVC), generally is thermoplastic property plastics, Japan already made types new type liquid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is hot solid property, temperature degree is 60～140℃; USA types 叫伦德克斯 plastics, has thermoplastic property processing 特征, also has hot solid property plastics physical properties.

①烃 type plastics.

non property plastics, tool has crystallization property and non crystallization property separation, crystallization property type plastics polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and other, non crystallization property type plastics poly and other.

②含极 property ethylene type plastics.

remove fluorine plastics outer, large more is non crystallization type transparent 体, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), PTFE, poly acid ethylene ester and other. ethylene type mono large more can using/adopting 游离基 type catalytic agent polymerization.

③ thermoplastic property engineering plastics.

main/primary polyoxymethylene (POM), polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), ABS, polyphenylene oxide (PPO), terephthalic acid ester, polysulfone (PSU), polyether 砜, polyimide (PI), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and other. PTFE. modified polypropylene (PP) and other 也包括 in this scope/range inner.

④ thermoplastic property fiber type plastics.

main/primary 包括醋 acid fiber 素, acid acid fiber 素, 塞璐珞, 玻璃纸 and other.