Shanghai Daoqin Plastics Co., Ltd.

         flame retardant is can retardant plastics or made 火焰传播 additives. according to its use methods can separation is add type and reaction type type. according to chemical structure, flame retardant also can separation is machine and has machine type. type flame retardant flame retardant mechanism, for/regarding flame retardant engineering can is and 必背. 今天, 我们就 is large summary introduction lower types Common type flame retardant flame retardant mechanism.

        卤系 flame retardant flame retardant mechanism

        卤系 flame retardant bromine and chlorine flame retardant. flame retardant is currently world upper output/production volume most large has machine flame retardant 之一. in flame retardant in large separation is bromine flame retardant. industrial production bromine flame retardant can separation is add type, reaction type and high poly material type large type, but also product types more. inner outer market upper has 20 types above add type bromine flame retardant, 10 types above polymer/macromolecule type bromine flame retardant, 20 types above reaction type bromine flame retardant. add type flame retardant main/primary has bromine ether (DBDPO), bromine di 酚A, di (2, 3一二烷丙基) ether (TBAB), bromine ether (OBDPO) and other; reaction type flame retardant main/primary has bromine di 酚A (TBBPA), 2, 4, 6-三 bromine and other; polymer/macromolecule type flame retardant main/primary has bromine polystyrene (PS), bromine ring oxygen, bromine di 酚A carbon acid ester poly material and other.

         bromine flame retardant therefore to 青睐, its main/primary causes is it flame retardant efficiency high, but also price in. due to C—Br键 键 can relatively low, large separation bromine flame retardant separation understanding temperature degree in 200℃~300℃, temperature degree scope/range positive good is commonly used polymer separation understanding temperature degree scope/range. therefore in high poly material separation understanding 时, bromine flame retardant 也开始 separation understanding, can polymer/macromolecule material separation understanding 时 自由基, from 而延缓 or made 然烧链 reaction, meanwhile 释放出 HBr本身 is types flame resistant gas 体, can cover/cap in material surface, to retardant and dilute oxygen gas concentrated degree function. this category of flame retardant 无不例 outer and 锑系(三 oxidation or oxidation 二锑)复配 use, through 协同效应 make flame retardant to obvious improve/increase.

        卤系 flame retardant main/primary in gas versus in flame retardant function. is material separation understanding generate hydrogen gas 体, is property gas 体, has dilute 释效应. it specific gravity relatively large, formed gas film, cover/cap in polymer/macromolecule material solid versus surface, can 隔绝空 gas and hot, cover/cap 效应. more is important is, hydrogen can made polymer/macromolecule material 燃烧 连锁 reaction, remove 自由基 function.

         polymer/macromolecule material in add 入 含 bromine flame retardant, 遇火受 hot separation understanding reaction, formed 自由基Br·, it also and polymer/macromolecule material reaction formed bromine hydrogen, bromine hydrogen and active property very strong/high OH·自由基 reaction, 一方面 make Br recycled, 一方面 make OH·自由基 concentrated degree decrease/reduce, make 燃烧 连锁 reaction to made, speed degree decrease slow, 直至熄灭.

        但 is 当发生火灾时, due to this material separation understanding and generate a large amount of and has 毒腐蚀 property gas formed “二次灾害”, 且燃烧产 material (卤化 material) tool has very long large gas lifespan, 一旦进入 large gas very difficult remove, heavy large gas ring 境, bad oxygen 层. another, more bromine ether flame retardant polymer/macromolecule material and understanding material in has has more bromine 代二苯并二恶烷(PBDD) and more bromine 代二苯并呋喃(PBDF). 1994 year 9 month, USA ring 境保护局 evaluation this material for and material is material 质.

        磷 and combined material flame retardant mechanism

        磷 and combined material very by used as flame retardant use, for it flame retardant mechanism research relatively 早, from combined material in different reaction inner flame retardant function can separation is poly versus in flame retardant mechanism and versus in flame retardant mechanism, has machine flame retardant in poly versus in flame retardant function.

         its flame retardant mechanism lower: in 燃烧时, combined material separation understanding formed acid non property liquid film, its can 达300℃. meanwhile, acid also 进一步脱 water formed acid, acid 进一步 polymerization formed poly acid. in this process in, not only acid formed cover/cap to cover/cap 效应, but also due to formed poly acid is strong/high acid, is very strong/high water agent, make polymer water 而炭化, polymer process 模式并 in its surface formed carbon film 以隔绝空 gas, from 而发挥 more strong/high flame retardant 效果.

        磷系 flame retardant flame retardant function main/primary in 火灾初期 high poly material separation understanding stage/phase, its can promote polymer water 炭化, from decrease/reduce polymer hot separation understanding generate can property gas 体 数 amount, and formed carbon film also can outer gas and hot. usually, flame retardant for oxygen polymer function most 佳, main/primary by use in 含羟基 fiber 素, polyurethane ester, polyester and other polymer in. for/regarding oxygen type polymer, flame retardant function 效果就 comparison small.

        含磷 flame retardant is types 自由基捕获 agent, utilizing technology 发现, 任何含磷化 combined material in polymer 燃烧时都 has PO·形 formed. it can and 火焰区域 in hydrogen 原子结 combined, to made function. another, flame retardant in flame retardant process in generate water separation, 一方面 can reduce poly versus temperature degree, 另一方面 can dilute gas versus in can material concentrated degree, from more good to flame retardant function.

        无 machine flame retardant flame retardant mechanism

        无 machine flame retardant hydrogen oxidation aluminum, hydrogen oxidation 镁, 膨胀石墨, acid salt, acid aluminum and zinc is flame retardant. hydrogen oxidation aluminum and hydrogen oxidation is machine retardant agent main/primary product types, it tool has property and low and other features. due to hot separation understanding absorption a large amount of 燃烧区 hot amount, make 燃烧区 temperature degree reduce to 燃烧临界 temperature degree below/following self-extinguishing, separation understanding rear formed metal oxidation material more melting point high, heat stabilized property good, cover/cap 于燃烧 solid versus surface retardant hot and hot 辐射, from to flame retardant function. meanwhile separation understanding generate a large amount of water gas, can dilute can gas 体, to flame retardant function.

         water combined oxidation aluminum has heat stabilized property good, in 300℃ lower add hot 2h can is AlO(OH), and 火焰接触 rear generate has gas 体, can in and polymer hot understanding 时释放出 acid property gas 体, amount less, price and other advantages, it formed is machine flame retardant in important product types. water combined oxidation aluminum hot 释放出 chemical upper combined water, absorption hot amount, reduce temperature degree. in flame retardant function 时, main/primary is crystallization water function, another, water material is active property oxidation aluminum, can promote polymer in 燃烧时稠 ring 炭化, therefore tool has poly versus flame retardant function. from mechanism can use water combined oxidation aluminum as flame retardant, add amount relatively large.

        镁元素 flame retardant main/primary product types is hydrogen oxidation 镁, is year inner outer positive in development types flame retardant, it in 340℃ left right 开始进行吸 hot separation understanding reaction formed oxidation 镁, in 423℃ lower heavy most large value, 490℃ lower separation understanding reaction 终止. hydrogen oxidation heat stabilized property and can force ratio water combined oxidation aluminum good, due to hydrogen oxidation surface property large, and has machine material versus property 差, therefore need surface treatment rear can as is has flame retardant. another, it hot separation understanding temperature degree high, hot solid property material and other separation understanding temperature degree relatively high polymer flame retardant.

         in high temperature lower, can 膨胀石墨 in 嵌入层受 hot easy separation understanding, generate gas make 石墨 层间距迅 speed expand large to 原 几十倍至几百倍. can 膨胀石墨 and high poly material mixed combined 时, in function lower, can in high poly material surface formed tough 炭层, from to flame retardant function.

        硼 acid salt flame retardant has 硼砂, acid and acid zinc. currently main/primary use is acid zinc. acid zinc in 300℃开始释放出 crystallization water, in 卤素化 combined material function lower, formed 卤化硼, zinc, made and 捕获游离 羟基, retardant 止燃烧连锁 reaction; meanwhile formed solid versus cover/cap 层, 隔绝周围 oxygen gas, retardant 止火焰继续燃烧并 tool has function. acid zinc can mono use, can and its it flame retardant use. currently, main/primary product has fine acid zinc, heat resistant acid zinc, water acid zinc and high water acid zinc.

        草 acid aluminum is hydrogen oxidation aluminum crystallization material, alkali content low. has acid aluminum high poly material 燃烧时, 放出H2O, CO and CO2, 而不生 formed property gas 体, acid aluminum also can reduce density and speed degree. due to acid aluminum alkali content low, therefore use its flame retardant electrical 线, cable material 时, effect/influence material electrical properties.

        以硫化 zinc is flame retardant, can used for PVC, polyolefin and nylon. this category of flame retardant can improve/increase material anti-aging property can, and glass fiber (GF) has good versus property and improve/increase polyolefin heat stabilized property.

        铵 salt flame retardant mechanism

        铵 salt heat stabilized property relatively 差, hot 时释放出氨 gas. gas is flame resistant property gas 体, it dilute 释 空 gas in oxygen;形 formed H2SO4起 脱 water catalytic agent function. usually is rear types function is main/primary. another table/sheet 明, NH3 in in also lower reaction:

        NH3 +O2→N2+H2O

        并伴 has deep degree oxidation material N2O4 and other, from in can 看出NH3 not only has material flame retardant function, but also also has chemical flame retardant function.

         has machine silicon flame retardant flame retardant mechanism

         will silicon ketone combined material as is flame retardant research 始于20世纪80 year 代初期. 1981 year, Kamber and other, table/sheet about/regarding polycarbonate (PC) and poly silicon oxygen blending, can make flame retardant property can improve/increase research report. although has machine silicon flame retardant research development rear 于卤系 and flame retardant, is, has machine silicon flame retardant as is type new type flame retardant, its excellent flame retardant property, molding processing property and ring good tool 风采. has machine silicon flame retardant has silicon 油, silicon resin, belt/tape function poly silicon oxygen 烷, polycarbonate (PC) silicon oxygen copolymer acrylic ester silicon oxygen composite/compounding material and silicon and other. silicon ketone combined material flame retardant polymer/macromolecule material, silicon ketone flame retardant more semi 会迁移 to material surface, formed surface is silicon ketone 富集层 polymer/macromolecule degree material.

        一旦燃烧时, 就会生 formed silicon ketone has, has —Si—O键 and 一Si—C—键 无 machine thermal insulation insulation 保护层, retardant 止 燃烧生 formed separation understanding formed material outer 逸, also made polymer/macromolecule material hot separation understanding, to high flame retardant 化, low amount, low has property 目. currently development application has machine silicon flame retardant has USA DowCorning company development product 化 “D.C.RM” series flame retardant, Japan NEC and GE东芝 has machine silicon company research development silicon ketone flame retardant “XC-99-B6645", also has USA GE company development SFR104 has machine silicon resin and other.

         nano composite/compounding flame retardant material flame retardant mechanism

         nano composite/compounding material mono 独提出, although belongs to composite/compounding flame retardant, its principle has different. nano composite/compounding material is will material in or more separation nano dimensions or separation water dispersion in 另一 组 separation in. table/sheet 明, nano material ultra- fine dimensions in, therefore various type type nano composite/compounding material property can ratio its versus macro or micron grade composite/compounding material has relatively large improvement, its in material heat stabilized property and flame retardant property can relatively large degree improve/increase.

         certain sheet/slice machine material can in material and chemical function lower formed nano dimensions structure micro 区, its sheet/slice 层间距 generally in 零点几 to several nano, it not only can let certain polymer 插层进入 nano dimensions 夹层空间 in, formed “插层 type nano composite/compounding material ”, but also, machine also by polymer 撑开形 formed long ratio very large mono sheet/slice machine material, uniform dispersion in polymer in, formed “层离 type nano composite/compounding material ”. utilizing more or 层状无 machine combined material features, made machine / polymer nano composite/compounding material, in hot separation understanding and process in, can can formed and machine salt more structure, to thermal insulation and retardant can gas 体逸出 function, make high poly material flame retardant.

        膨胀 type flame retardant system flame retardant mechanism

        膨胀 type flame retardant system main/primary formed separation can separation is acid 源, carbon 源, gas 源三 部 separation.

         acid generally is machine acid or add hot 至100-250℃时生 formed machine acid combined material, acid, acid, acid, various acid salt, acid ester and acid salt and other.

         carbon 源(formed agent) is formed foam 炭化层 基础, generally is carbon more 羟基化 combined material, powder, 季戊四 alcohol and it poly material, poly material and has light has machine resin and other.

         gas 源(foaming 源) more is amine or amine type combined material, poly amine, di amine, poly acid amine and other.

        膨胀 system formed structure complex, effect/influence factors more. polymer chemical structure and material features, flame retardant formed, and understanding conditions (如 temperature degree and oxygen content), crosslinked reaction speed rate and other and other more factors for formed structure generate effect/influence. 而膨胀炭层 hot 保护效应 not only 取决于焦炭 output/production volume, high degree, structure, 保护炭层 heat stabilized property, 也取决于炭层 chemical structure, especially is ring structure increase heat stabilized property, in addition also has chemical strong/high degree and crosslinked 键 数 amount.

         gas 源膨胀 type flame retardant system flame retardant mechanism 普遍认 is is poly versus flame retardant, poly acid amine hot separation understanding, formed tool has strong/high water function acid and acid, make 季戊四 alcohol ester 化, 进而脱 water 炭化, reaction formed water and poly amine separation understanding gas make 炭层膨胀, most formed more micro 孔 炭层, from 而隔绝空 gas and hot 传导, polymer 主体, to flame retardant 目.

        膨胀 type flame retardant add to polymer material in, must tool below/following property 质: heat stabilized property good, can polymer processing process in 200℃ above high temperature; due to thermal degradation need 释放出 a large amount of property material 质, formed 残渣, 因而该 process for foaming process generate defect effect/influence;该 type flame retardant uniform distribution in polymer in, in material 燃烧时 can formed 一层完 full cover/cap in material surface 膨胀炭质; flame retardant must and by flame retardant high poly material has good versus property, can and high poly material and additives defect function, can more 恶化材 material material 理, mechanical properties.

        膨胀 type flame retardant excellent generally flame retardant in 于无卤, oxidation 锑: low 烟, less 毒, 无腐蚀 property gas 体;膨胀 flame retardant formed can 吸附熔 melt polymer, anti its 滴落传播火灾.

         flame retardant flame retardant mechanism

        含卤 flame retardant and flame retardant combined use can generate significantly 协同效应. for/regarding 卤-磷 flame retardant 协同效应, 人们提出卤-磷配 combined use can versus promote separation understanding, formed ratio mono use tool has more strong/high flame retardant 效果 卤-磷化 combined material and its material PBr3, PBr·, POBr3 and other. research table/sheet 明, 卤-磷配 combined use flame retardant separation understanding temperature degree ratio mono use low, separation understanding non 常剧烈, 燃烧区 chlorine combined material and its hydrolysis material formed gas can relatively long time in 燃烧区, formed strong/high large gas versus 隔离层.

         about/regarding 磷- nitrogen versus function mechanism research 不够完善, generally is use nitrogen material (如尿, amine, 胍, di amine, 羟甲基三 poly amine and other) can promote acid and fiber 素 磷酰化 reaction. formed acid amine more easy fiber 素发生 formed ester reaction, this type of ester heat stabilized property relatively acid ester heat stabilized property good. 磷- nitrogen flame retardant system can make type in relatively low temperature degree lower separation understanding formed and water, increase 焦炭残留 material production amount, from improve/increase flame retardant 效果. material and nitrogen material in high temperature lower formed property 焦炭层, it thermal insulation retardant oxygen 保护层 function, nitrogen combined material foaming agent and reinforcement agent function. basic analysis 知, material in nitrogen, 磷, oxygen types 元素, it in temperature degree lower formed heat stabilized property 无定形 material, 犹如玻璃体, as is fiber 素 一 绝 hot 保护层.

        三 oxidation 二锑不 can mono as is flame retardant (含卤 polymer remove outer), and type flame retardant use has very large reinforcement 效应. this is is oxidation in material in lower, 燃烧时 生 formed SbCl3, SbBr3 and other 卤化锑 versus for density very large, cover/cap in polymer surface cover/cap 效应, and in gas 态时也 has 捕捉自由基 function. 例如, oxidation and chlorine type flame retardant use 时, due to chlorine material hot separation understanding chlorine hydrogen, chlorine hydrogen and oxidation reaction formed chlorine and chlorine oxidation 锑, chlorine oxidation hot separation understanding 继续生 formed chlorine 化锑.

         water combined acid zinc and flame retardant combined use tool has good 协同效应. in conditions lower, it and its understanding material between through versus function, can make has flame retardant 元素都 can flame retardant function. water combined acid zinc and flame retardant reaction formed 二卤化 zinc and 三卤化硼, it can in gas versus in 捕获HO·, H·, in solid versus in formed 玻璃状隔离层, thermal insulation, oxygen, formed water dilute 释燃烧区 oxygen belt/tape reaction hot, therefore can relatively large flame retardant function.