Shanghai Daoqin Plastics Co., Ltd.

一. how to reduce plastics density?

reduce plastics density is through 适当 办 method, make plastics has versus for density decline, 以适应 different application combined need.

reduce plastics density methods has foaming modified, add light filler and blending light resin types.

1. foaming modified

图1: PE foaming foam sheet/plate

plastics products foaming molding is reduce its density most has methods. add light material and blending light resin types modified methods, can small degree reduce density, its drop generally has 50% left right, most low versus for density can to 0.5 left right. plastics foaming products density scope/range very 广范, versus for density most low can to 10-3.

2.添 add light filler

图2: micro type filler micro structure 图

this type of methods make density reduce degree comparison small, generally most low can decline to versus for density 0.4—0.5 left right. filler versus for density large ratio plastics large, ratio plastics versus for density small filler product types has lower types.

1） micro type

a. in micro 球（漂珠）　 versus for density is 0.4—0.7, main/primary used for hot solid property resin;

b. aldehyde micro 珠　 versus for density is 0.1.

2） has machine filler type

a. soft powder 　 versus for density 0.5, table/sheet density 0.05—0.06;

b. fiber powder 屑, 棉屑　 versus for density 0.2—0.3;

c.果 housing/shell as material 　如稻草 powder, powder and housing/shell powder and other.

3. blending light resin

also has types light filler:木 powder, is fine small fiber 啦, very light.但也 has 一定 局限 property, can according to using/adopting different methods.

二. how to improve/increase plastics density?

improve/increase plastics density is make resin versus for density rise high types methods, main/primary is add heavy filler and blending heavy resin.

1.添 add heavy filler 包括:

(1) metal powder

(2) heavy material filler

2. blending heavy resin

此 types methods improve/increase degree comparison small, generally most high can to 50% left right. main/primary 适于一 light resin 如PE, PP, PS, EVA, PA1010 and PPO and other. add heavy resin has: PTFE, FEP, PPS and POM and other.

三. how to plastics hardness?

1. hardness concept and table/sheet methods

hardness is material resistant its it relatively hard material pressure its surface can force.

hardness value large small is table/sheet material soft hard degree has conditions amount 反映, it is mono pure 而确定 material amount. hardness value large small not only 取决于材 material 本身, but also 取决于 testing conditions and methods, different hardness amount methods, for types material hardness value same. therefore, need comparison material between hardness large small, must use types amount methods amount hardness value, has can ratio property.

常 used for table/sheet hardness methods has lower types:

a. Shore hardness

b.洛氏 hardness

c.莫氏 hardness

2. blending plastics hardness

plastics blending methods in low hardness resin in blending high hardness resin, improve/increase its overall hardness. Common blending resin has: PS, PMMA, ABS and MF and other, need modified resin main/primary is PE type, PA, PTFE and PP and other.

3. composite/compounding plastics hardness

plastics composite/compounding hardness methods in low hardness plastics products surface upper composite/compounding high hardness resin. methods main/primary combined extrusion products, sheet/plate, sheet/slice, film and pipe/tube and other. commonly used composite/compounding resin is PS, PMMA, ABS and MF and other.

4. plastics surface hardness 改进

该 methods is improvement plastics products outer table/sheet hardness, products internal hardness 不变. this is types low cost hardness methods.

this type of modified methods main/primary used for housing/shell 体, decoration material, optical material and day use product and other. this type of modified methods main/primary coating, plating and surface treatment types methods.

四. how to improvement plastics flexible?

图3: PVC soft tube/pipe

from upper 讲, plastics flexible is plastics products soft/flexible degree, plastics products soft, its flexible good. in polymer/macromolecule material in, for flexible is polymer/macromolecule can 够改变 its property 质. types plastics flexible large small 取决于 its polymer separation structure.

1.添 add increase agent

increase agent is can improve/increase polymer property type material 质, it main/primary used for PVC resin, in PVC in use amount can increase agent use amount 98% above. remove PVC outer, increase agent also used for PVDC, CPE, SBS, poly acid ethylene ester, acid fiber 素, PA, ABS and PVA and other polymer in.

2. increase agent main/primary function lower:

a． reduce polymer melt temperature degree and melt viscosity, from reduce its molding processing temperature degree.

b． make polymer products tool has soft/flexible property, elastic property and low temperature resistance property can.

3. increase agent specific function mechanism lower:

a．体积效应

b．屏蔽效应

五.改进 plastics transparent degree

1. plastics transparent degree indicators

衡 amount plastics transparent property good bad, has many standards, has light transmittance, degree, light 指数, di and color dispersion and other.

in upper indicators in, light transmittance and degree indicators main/primary table/sheet material light property, light 指数, di and color dispersion indicators main/primary used for table/sheet material light quality. types good transparent property material, requirements upper property can indicators excellent 且均衡.

2. transparent property classification

按材 material light transmittance large small, can will its separation is:

transparent material: long 400NM－800NM can light light transmittance in 80％ above;

semi transparent material: 400NM－800NM can light light transmittance in 50％－80％ between;

不 transparent material: 400NM－800NM can light rate in 50％ below/following.

1） transparent property resin:

main/primary 包括PMMA, PC, PS, PET, PES, J. D series, CR－39, SAN（ also 称AS）, TPX, HEMA, BS（ also 称K resin ） and other;

2） semi transparent resin:

main/primary 包括PE, PP, PA and other;

3）不 transparent resin: ABS, POM, PTFE, PF and other.

3.改进 plastics transparent property principle and methods

图4: transparent plastics elastic property film box/case

1） principle

reduce crystallization degree, control quality, improve/increase rate, reduce di 折射.

2） methods

①添 add plastics transparent property, can add nucleating agent, this is increase large transparent resin light transmittance most has methods, it can promote crystallization small separation material 质. it in resin in can to function. make 原油 均 versus formed versus formed 核, increase crystallization system inner 晶核 数 amount, make micro 晶 数 amount increase more, 球晶数目 decrease/reduce, from make dimensions versus, resin transparent property improve/increase.

nucleating agent types type very more, can separation is transparent nucleating agent （山梨糖 alcohol 系, 磷系） and standards type nucleating agent （羧 acid type, acid salt, machine material ）两 types. as is transparent modified nucleating agent, generally need selection transparent nucleating agent; has can selection standards type nucleating agent, need control add amount.

② blending plastics transparent property, is in transparent resin in add other resin, high transparency property.

③ di toward tensile plastics transparent property, can make products in has crystallization pellets make dimensions small, to improve/increase light transmittance 目.

六.改进 plastics gloss degree

图5: high light plastics

改进 plastics gloss methods 包括两方面, 一方面 is improve/increase plastics products surface gloss degree, is increase modified; 另一方面 is reduce plastics products surface gloss degree, is light modified. below/following main/primary introduction plastics increase methods:

plastics increase improve/increase plastics products surface gloss degree or light degree, specific methods remove raw materials combined 理选取 outer, also has add increase method, blending increase method, control increase method, molding equipment light degree control, processing increase method and surface coating increase method and other.

1. plastics raw materials 选取

plastics raw materials combined 理选取 is improve/increase plastics products surface light degree most basic factors raw materials good, gloss degree improve/increase easy; 反之, comparison difficult.

plastics raw materials can separation formed resin and additives large type.

2. resin selection

resin 本身 特征 for plastics products surface gloss degree effect/influence relatively large, is control plastics products surface gloss degree most has methods. its for versus plastics products surface gloss effect/influence main/primary 取决二于如 lower several 方面:

1) resin product types

different resin product types versus products gloss property large same, generally is lower resin for products gloss property comparison good: amine resin, ABS, PP, HIPS, PA, POM, PMMA and PPO and other, its in amine resin and ABS两 types gloss property most 突出.

for types resin 而言, combined formed methods different, its resin for products gloss degree same. 例如:

a, for PP而言, different polymerization methods combined formed product types gloss degree large small lower: PP-R> homopolymer PP>嵌段 copolymer PP.

b, for PE而言, types different product types gloss degree large small lower: LDPE>LLDPE>HDPE

c, for PVC而言, emulsion method PVC resin ratio method PVC resin gloss degree high.

d, for/regarding PS resin 而言, high impact resistance poly ethylene （HIPS） gloss degree large general purpose polystyrene (PS) （GPPS）

2) resin features

for types resin 而言. its specific features different, gloss degree same, in resin features in for gloss degree has effect/influence features main/primary has lower types.

a, melt flow rate (MFR) generally large, its versus products gloss degree large.

b, molecular weight effect/influence molecular weight effect/influence main/primary in molecular weight distribution wide degree upper. molecular weight distribution wide, its versus products gloss degree decline. this main/primary is is molecular weight distribution wide, material 不规整 property increase large.

c, water absorption effect/influence water absorption high resin, water absorption for its versus products gloss degree effect/influence relatively large. separation in has ester 基（-COOR） and amine 基（-CONH2） PA, PI, PSF and PC and other, 如不进行 drying or drying 不彻底, in products surface water 波纹, bubbles, silver streaks, 斑纹, and other, from make surface gloss degree large large decline.

3. additives selection

in has plastics use additives in, for gloss degree effect/influence most large is filler; its also has increase agent, stabilizer and flame retardant and other, effect/influence relatively small.

filler effect/influence

filler for gloss degree effect/influence can separation is lower several 方面:

a, filler product types

different filler product types for gloss degree effect/influence different. remove glass beads outer has filler make filling products gloss degree decline, is decline degree different already.

几 types filler for filling products gloss degree effect/influence large small 次序如 lower:

metal salt > glass fiber < slip powder <云母

b, filler 形状

filler pellets micro different, for filling products gloss degree effect/influence different, its effect/influence large small is:

球状<粒状<针状< sheet/slice 状

c, filler degree

filler degree small, filler products gloss degree decline degree small. another, filler degree distribution wide degree large small different, for filling products gloss degree effect/influence different. its effect/influence is: filler degree distribution wide, filling products surface gloss degree low. this main/primary is is filler degree scope/range versus large, filling products surface 越凸凹不平, light easy generate 漫反射 phenomenon.

d, filler filling amount 　

filler filling increase large, filling products surface gloss degree reduce. 以CaCO3 filling PP system is 例, 当CaCO3 filling amount is 5%时, filling products surface gloss degree is 50%. 当CaCO3 filling amount is 15%时, filling product gloss degree decline is 32%.