Shanghai Daoqin Plastics Co., Ltd.

        一, what is plastics additives

         plastics additives can from and 狭义两 方面 understanding 释. plastics additives is in plastics products processing molding process in, has add in resin in, can used for reduce products cost, improvement or products certain use property can, or is improvement plastics products processing property, can is plastics additives. has machine, machine, small separation and large separation 子. plastics additives also is plastics additives, can improvement plastics processing properties or is improvement or products certain property can chemical industry raw materials . lubricant, antioxidant and flame retardant and other. in this main/primary to large introduction upper plastics additives.

        二, commonly used plastics additives classification

         currently, plastics commonly used additives large separation is above large type. upper additives its is upper in processing additives and function additives, 并不包括 filler. lower, small to large detailed introduction type additives.

        1, plastics filler

         filler, can according to add applications can separation is type:

        (1) reduce cost type: can separation is has machine filler and machine filler. commonly used machine filler has CaCO3, slip powder, silicon 灰石, BaSO4, high 岭土, powder, glass beads and other. commonly used has machine type filler main/primary is powder, powder, housing/shell powder, housing/shell powder and 棉, and 稻农副 product powder and other.

         this category of filler is plastics additives in application most 广泛, consumption amount most large type. remove reduce cost outer, also can improvement products certain property can. 如, machine type filling can improvement plastics products rigid property, heat resistant property (无 machine filler), dimensional stability, reduce molding shrinkage and resistant creep property and other. has machine type filling can strong/high, reduce molding shrinkage and improve/increase dimensional stability and other, is heat resistant property relatively 差.

        (2) reinforcement type filler: most commonly used reinforcement type filler has types: fiber type and must type. main/primary has: machine type (如 glass fiber, carbon fiber, fiber, must, fiber and fiber and other); has machine type (如PA fiber, fiber, polyester fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (PE) fiber and other).

         this category of filler is plastics most main/primary reinforcement material, use amount can reinforcement material 90% above. currently plastics reinforcement modified in most is commonly used is glass fiber (GF) and carbon 纤, especially is in automotive light amount 化方面, research application relatively more. must more used for strong/high function, Common has CaCO3晶 must and CaSO4晶 must.

        (3) toughened type filler: plastics tough property commonly used its impact strong/high degree value large small table/sheet 示. impact strong/high degree is Sample impact bad fracture 时, mono 位面积 upper consumption 功. it used for evaluation material resistant outer impact can force or 判断材 material property or tough property degree. impact strong/high degree high, its tough property good;反之, its property large. toughened filler main/primary has and thermoplastic property elastomer type.

         high impact resistance main/primary has: 乙丙橡胶(EPR), ternary 乙丙橡胶(EPDM), 丁腈胶(NBR), 丁苯胶, 天然胶, 顺丁胶, chlorine 丁胶, poly 异丁烯 and butadiene and other. thermoplastic property elastomer has: ethylene -辛烯 copolymer (POE), SBS and SEBS and other.

         this category of filler in toughened meanwhile, reduce products strong/high degree and rigid property. therefore, in relatively is methods is and rigid property machine nano powder 体共同添 add to resin in, blending toughened modified.

        2, processing type additives

         plastics processing type additives, applications can separation is type:

        (1) lubricant: lubricant function is reduce material material between and material material and processing equipment surface scratch force, from reduce melt flow retardant force, reduce melt viscosity, improve/increase melt flow property, melt and equipment viscous 附, improve/increase products surface light degree and other.

         lubricant function can separation is inner lubricant and outer lubricant. 实质也就 is usually increase agent and demolding agent. is in different resin in method 不一样, increase agent usually is in pvc resin processing in application relatively more, 实质也 is its inner lubricated function. inner, outer lubricant separation main/primary its and resin versus property large small. inner lubricant and resin hydrophilic and force large, its function is reduce large separation function force; outer lubricant and resin hydrophilic and force small, its function is reduce resin and processing machine between scratch.

         commonly used lubricant has saturated and type (solid wax, liquid wax, micro wax and low molecular weight polyethylene (PE) and other), metal type (hard acid zinc, hard acid 钙, hard acid and other), aliphatic amine (EBS, acid amine and other), acid type (hard acid, hard acid), acid ester type (PETS, mono hard acid ester, more hard acid ester and other) and alcohol type (hard alcohol, 季戊四 alcohol and other).

        (2) heat stabilized agent: plastics in processing molding process in, add hot, scratch or and other generate hot amount, or plastics products in use process in hot 而发生 property can bad. is anti plastics hot degradation aging, need add types make plastics in hot 时不会引起 separation understanding and material 质, this type of material 质就叫做 heat stabilized agent. main/primary used for PVC resin processing.

         pure PVC resin for hot is 敏感, add hot temperature degree to 90℃ above 时, 就会发生 light micro hot separation understanding;当 temperature degree to 120℃ rear, 即发生 obvious hot separation understanding, make PVC resin color add deep. PVC thermal degradation mechanism separation complex, 但PVC hot separation understanding reaction is due to 脱HCl reaction 引起 一 series reaction, most rear large separation fracture.

         commonly used heat stabilized agent product types: salt type heat stabilized agent (三 salt acid 铅, salt 基亚磷 acid 铅, salt hard acid 铅, alkali carbon acid and other); metal type heat stabilized agent (hard acid zinc, hard acid 钙, hard acid and other); has machine type heat stabilized agent (含硫 has machine type, has machine acid salt and other); dilute heat stabilized agent.

        (3) foaming agent: foaming agent is make for material formed material 质, it can separation is chemical foaming agent and material foaming agent and surface active property agent large type. chemical foaming agent is that add hot separation understanding rear can 释放出二CO2 and N2 and other gas 体, in polymer formed in formed fine 孔 化 combined material; material foaming agent is foam fine is through certain types material material 理形态 变化, through pressure shrink gas 体 膨胀, liquid 体 挥发 or solid solvent understanding formed; foaming agent tool has relatively high surface active property, can has reduce liquid surface force, in liquid film surface di electronics 层排列而包围空 gas, formed bubbles, again mono bubbles formed foam.

        3, function property additives

        (1) anti aging type additives: is made plastics products in 贮存, and use process in, outer factors (light, hot, oxygen and other, non machine factors) function lower, large separation degradation, reduce or force property can process. tool has made high poly material separation fracture, long plastics products use property can material 质, is anti agent. 包括: light / heat stabilized agent, antioxidant, resistant UV stabilizer and resistant hydrolysis agent.

        ① light stabilizer / antioxidant: plastics usually in light 照, oxygen gas and hot function lower fast speed aging, from 而导致: strong/high degree, rigid degree and tough property decline;变 color;出现划痕, surface gloss decline. effect/influence plastics products use property can. need add light stabilizer and antioxidant made separation fracture, long products use property can.

        酚 type antioxidant function mechanism

         commonly used antioxidant has 1010, 168, 1076, composite/compounding has B215, B225 and other. light stabilizer has 770, 622, 944 and 783 and other. commonly used resistant UV stabilizer has UV―531, UV―326 and UV―327.

        ② resistant hydrolysis agent: in wet, temperature ring lower, water separation 子会破 bad polymer large separation 子链, certain polymer degradation 甚至失 任何 property can phenomenon is “ hydrolysis ”. poly type for water separation comparison stability, in water solvent liquid in to balanced water amount very less. is nylon (PA), polycarbonate (PC) (PC), polyurethane ester (PU), polyester (PET, PBT) and other through polycondensation reaction formed polymer, has a large amount of amine 基, ester 基, 脲基, shrink 二脲基, 氨基甲 acid ester and other high property 基团. it in water amount more and room temperature conditions lower, water separation and property 基团形 formed hydrogen 键, low polymer in separation between hydrogen 键, make polymer material mechanical properties decline. this type of function is can 逆, water separation remove rear, property can can to 恢复. however in temperature degree relatively high and versus for wet degree relatively large 时, water and polymer separation 子链 极 property 基团发生 reaction 而引起 degradation.

         is has anti certain polymer hydrolysis generate, usually is toward material in add hydrolysis stabilizer, is resistant hydrolysis agent. hydrolysis stabilizer add can has 效 捕捉 polymer hydrolysis generate 羧基, formed stability 无害 产 material (如酰脲衍生 material), from retardant polymer 进一步 hydrolysis. hydrolysis stabilizer product types relatively more, generally mono (more) carbon 化二亚 amine, 噁唑啉 type combined material, ring oxidation combined material and other can hydrolysis material 质.

        (2)卫生, safety property additives: plastics products most large defect is easy 燃, and in process in generate melt 滴, 引发次生火灾. in addition, plastics products conductive property 差, surface 会堆积一层 electrical 荷, generate electrical 吸引, make products surface a large amount of and fine 菌. therefore, plastics products generally need add flame retardant, anti-static agent and antimicrobial agent. ensure plastics products in use process 卫生, safety property.

        ① flame retardant: flame retardant is type can retardant plastics or made 火焰传播 additives. high safety flame retardant generally can meanwhile to flame retardant, 抑烟, dispersion hot, anti 滴落四 function. according to its use methods can separation is add type and reaction type type.

         commonly used flame retardant separation is type: flame retardant, flame retardant, machine flame retardant and type flame retardant.

        ② antimicrobial agent: antimicrobial agent can in time inner, make certain micro material (fine 菌, true 菌, 酵母菌, type and and other) long or maintain in necessary water below/following chemical material 质.

         antimicrobial agent antimicrobial function generally separation is and function. antimicrobial agent concentrated degree and function time for antimicrobial function has very large effect/influence. 银, copper, and other metal 离子, strong/high oxidation agent main/primary 起杀菌 function, has machine antimicrobial agent main/primary performance is function. antimicrobial agent, low concentrated degree performance 抑菌, high concentrated degree is 杀菌.

        ③ anti-static agent: material 体本身都 belt/tape has electrical 荷, this type of electrical can is negative electrical can is positive electrical 荷, electrical poly make active or industrial production to effect/influence 甚至危害, will poly has electrical 荷导引/消 remove make its for production /生 active formed or chemical product is anti-static agent.

         anti-static agent generally tool has surface active property agent 特征, structure upper property and non property 基团兼而 has 之. commonly used property 基团(即 hydrophilic water 基) has: acid, acid, acid, acid anionic 离子, amine salt, salt cationic 离子, and -OH, -O- and other 基团, commonly used non property 基团(即 hydrophilic or hydrophobic water 基) has: 烷基, 烷芳基 and other. from formed fiber industrial commonly used types basic type type ASA, amine material, salt, acid ester, acid ester and poly ethylene glycol material.

        4, appearance use property can

         plastics products in day active in, 无处不 in. it 们形状各异, color color 缤纷. color plastics products to 我们 生 active belt/tape 不一样 color color. this full 都归功于 plastics color agent.

         color agent make plastics solid has absorption and light features. it can is has machine or machine, can is or combined formed. material is can solvent 于普通 solvent agent color agent, need obtain color property can, need use machine methods will material uniform dispersion plastics in. machine material heat stabilized property, light stabilization property excellent 良, price low, color force versus for 差, versus for density large; has machine material color force high, color 泽鲜艳, color full, versus for density small, disadvantages is heat resistant property, weather resistance and cover/cap force 方面不如无 machine material.

        5, other property can additives

         remove upper this additives outer, plastics in processing molding process in additives also has very more, compatibilizer, coupling agent, nucleating agent and anti agent and other. this additives, in plastics products use property can 方面都 has and its important function.

        ① compatibilizer: compatibilizer also increase agent, is 指借助于 separation 子间 键 combined force, make versus 容 两 types polymer combined in 一体, to stability blending material additives. plastics alloy and product in use relatively more.

        以abs is 例, will types material blending to “ABS”一定不 is need, is it property can 一塌糊 coating. is what has this 样 差别呢? this and to polymer/macromolecule alloy key/critical technology —— versus technology. 就ABS而言, large can can 知道他 production methods is polymerization to PB胶 powder, rear it is types 子, add acrylonitrile and styrene mono 体, grafting in PB胶 powder upper. this in PB胶 powder surface its is PB-g-AS this type of polymer. this type of polymer will types 原本不 versus polymer combined in 一起, improvement system property can. compatibilizer generally is grafting polymer.

        ② coupling agent: is type tool has property structure material 质, it separation in separation can and machine surface chemical reaction, formed chemical combined;另一部 separation 基团则 has hydrophilic has machine material property 质, can and has machine separation 子发生 chemical reaction or generate relatively strong/high separation function, from will types property 质截然 different material solid combined 起.

         generally is use improvement machine filler in polymer in dispersion 状态, improve/increase filling polymer material force property can and use property can. commonly used has silicon coupling agent, titanium acid ester coupling agent, aluminum acid ester coupling agent and composite/compounding coupling agent. currently ultra- dispersant, its is this type of concept.

        ③ nucleating agent: agent is suitable for polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and other full crystallization plastics, through resin crystallization is, add fast crystallization speed rate, increase crystallization density and make dimensions micro fine 化, to shrink short molding cycle, improve/increase products transparent property, surface gloss, resistant strong/high degree, rigid property, heat deflection temperature (HDT), impact resistant property, resistant creep property and other material mechanical properties function additives.

        ④ anti agent: transparent plastics film, sheet/slice or sheet/plate 材, in wet ring in, wet degree to below/following 时, in its surface 凝结一层 fine micro water 滴, make surface 模糊雾化, retardant light 波 透, utilizing film packaging product 时, 也会因结雾而看不见 inner material, but also generate also easy formed inner material loss bad. therefore, is improve/increase product suitable lifespan, need add 入一定 amount anti agent.

         anti agent is belt/tape has hydrophilic water surface active property agent, can in plastics surface orientation, hydrophobic water toward inner, hydrophilic water toward outer, from make water easy wet lubricating plastics surface, fine water can speed expand dispersion formed thin water or large water film lower. this can small water light dispersion 射 造 formed 雾化, anti 止凝结 water 滴洒落 to by packaging material upper 面, loss by packaging material.