Shanghai Daoqin Plastics Co., Ltd.

 一, what is plastics?

plastics is types tool has can property polymer/macromolecule has machine combined material (resin).

plastics is has machine combined formed resin is main/primary formed separation, add or add other combined material (additives)而构 formed 人造材 material. it usually in add hot, add pressure conditions lower can made formed tool has 一定形状 device parts.

谓 can property , is 指像黏土 that 样, add force deformation,而撤 remove outer force rear 不恢复原状 property 质. 谓 elastic property (elastic force), is add 一定程 degree force deformation,但撤 施 add force 则恢复原状, this type of property elastic property (例如:橡胶), tool has elastic property material 体叫做 elastomer (如:松紧 belt/tape); plastics is utilizing this type of add hot generate can property, processing formed various 形状.

二, plastics 源

plastics is low separation has machine combined material (如: ethylene, propylene, styrene, chlorine ethylene, ethylene alcohol and other) in conditions lower polymerization formed polymer/macromolecule has machine combined material (polymer).

构 formed plastics separation 子, due to molecular weight has in 10000 above polymer/macromolecule, therefore plastics is polymer/macromolecule combined material (high poly material). generally plastics separation in has carbon (C)原子 and hydrogen (H)原子, has plastics separation structure in has a small amount of oxygen (O), 硫(S)原子. plastics basic raw materials is low separation carbon, hydrogen combined material, it is from 石油, gas or understanding material in and combined formed 出 人造 resin.

三, plastics development process

different plastics development production time:

1920-1933: polystyrene (PS) (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (PVC), polyethylene (PE) (PE), ethylene -醋 acid ethylene ester copolymer (EVA), polypropylene (PP) (PP)

1935: acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer (ABS)

1939: terephthalic acid ethylene copolymer (ABS)

1949: polyamide (PA) (Nylon)

1950: polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (Acrylic)

1956: polyoxymethylene (POM) (POM)

1958: polycarbonate (PC) (PC)

1964: poly oxidation 二甲亚苯(PPO)

1965: polysulfone (PSU) (PSF)

1975: polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) (PBT)

1985: liquid plastics (LCP)

1994: modified is injection molding grade PET(PETG)

1995: ultra- elastic property polyoxymethylene (POM) (TPOM)

1996: transparent hard polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

1960 rear rear, plastics application and processing technology to 突飞猛进 development.

四, plastics classification

currently, plastics already development to 300 multiple, most commonly used plastics has types.

1, plastics application areas classification

generally separation is general purpose plastics and engineering plastics :

general purpose plastics can as is generally non structure property material use, its output/production volume large, price versus for low 廉, property can generally, more used for made day use product. (如:PE, PP, PVC, PS, PMMA, EVA and other)

engineering plastics is tool has relatively high force property can and high temperature resistance, corrosion resistant, can as is structure property material, tool has excellent comprehensive property can (包括: mechanical properties, electrical property can, resistant thermal properties, chemical resistance can and other), can in relatively wide temperature degree scope/range inner and relatively long time inner can good maintain this type of property can,并 can in machine force and relatively is chemical, material ring in long use. by 公认 七 large engineering plastics is:ABS, PC, POM, PA, PET, PBT, PPO and other , engineering plastics output/production volume versus for relatively less, price relatively 贵. another, also has function plastics (如:LCP, device and other), nano plastics, degradation plastics and other.

2, plastics crystallization classification

generally separation is crystallization property plastics and 无定形 plastics:

crystallization property plastics is in conditions lower, separation can generate certain types structure plastics (如:PE, PP, PA, POM, PET, PBT and other), large more belongs to separation crystallization 态.

无定形 plastics is 指 separation 子形状 and separation versus 互排列不呈晶体 structure 而呈无序状态 plastics (如:ABS, PC, PVC, PS, PMMA, EVA, AS and other ), non crystallization property plastics in direction upper performance force features is same (各 toward property)

3, its hot 时 呈现 basic is classification

generally separation is thermoplastic property plastics and hot solid property plastics ;

thermoplastic property plastics is 指 in temperature degree scope/range inner, can add hot soft and cooling hard plastics (如:ABS, PP, POM, PC, PS, PVC, PA, PMMA and other ), it can again recycling utilizing.

hot solid property plastics is 指受 hot rear formed is material 质, again hot again tool has can property can again recycling utilizing plastics (如:酚 aldehyde resin, ring oxygen resin, resin, poly amine ester, foaming polystyrene (PS) and other).

4, plastics light property classification

generally separation is transparent plastics semi transparent plastics and 不 transparent plastics;

light transmittance in 88％ above plastics is transparent plastics (如:PMMA, PS, PC, Z- polyester and other), commonly used semi transparent plastics has:PP, PVC, PE, AS, PET, MBS, PSF and other,不 transparent plastics main/primary has POM, PA, ABS, HIPS, PPO and other.

5, plastics hardness classification

generally separation is hard plastics , semi hard plastics , and soft plastics ;

Common hard plastics has:ABS, POM, PS, PMMA, PC, PET, PBT, PPO and other;

semi hard plastics has:PP, PE, PA, PVC and other;

soft plastics has: soft PVC, K胶(BS), TPE, TPR, EVA, TPU and other.

6, plastics chemical structure classification

A, polyolefin type (如:LDPE, MDPE, HDPE, LLDPE, UHMWPE, PP and other)

B, polystyrene (PS) type (如:PS, AS, BS, ABS, MBS, HIPS and other)

C, polyamide (PA) type (如:PA6, PA66, PA610, PA1010 and other)

D, polyether type (如:PC, POM, PSF, PPO and other)

E, polyester type (如:PBT, PET and other)

F, acrylic ester type (如:PMMA)

五, plastics physical properties

1. specific gravity (density)　★

plastics specific gravity is in temperature degree lower,秤 amount Sample weight and 同体积 water weight ratio value, mono is g/cm3, commonly used liquid force method as methods.

2.吸 water property 　★

plastics water property is 指规定 dimensions Sample 浸入一定 temperature degree (25±2)℃ 蒸馏 water in,经 24 small rear absorption water amount; absorption water rear effect/influence its dimensions and 形状, water absorption use weight table/sheet 达时,常以％ table/sheet 示.

3.透 gas property

透 gas property is 指一定 thick degree plastics film in large gas pressure lower,一平方米 面积 in, in 24 small inner gas 体 体积(cm3) value,但透 gas amount and thin thick degree, 面积, time, temperature degree, gas pressure value and other has 关.

4.透 wet property

透 wet property is water gas for plastics film 透 情况, basic principle and and gas property same.

5. transparent degree

透 material light amount and to material upper light amount ratio is light degree; in light direction upper dispersion light for has light ratio,称雾 degree or mixed degree.雾 degree usually is semi transparent,并 for light has property 质.

6. tensile strength

tensile strength is in experiment/testing temperature degree, wet degree and tensile speed degree lower,沿 Sample direction add tensile 载荷,测定 Sample bad most large 载荷.

7. pressure shrink strong/high degree

pressure shrink strong/high degree is in Sample upper add pressure shrink 载荷至破裂(for property material 而言) or generate strong/high degree (for non property material 而言).

8. flexural strength

flexural strength is Sample in 两 支点 upper,施 add in 载荷, make Sample deformation or 直至破裂时 strong/high degree.

9. impact strong/high degree

impact strong/high degree is Sample impact 破断时, mono 位面积 upper consumption 焦耳, for/regarding certain impact strong/high degree high plastics,常 in Sample in has dimensions 之缺口, this can reduce it in 破断时 need 焦耳.

different parts can use different experiment/testing methods:落球式 impact experiment/testing, high speed tensile impact experiment/testing.

10. friction coefficient

friction coefficient is scratch force and positive pressure ratio value. in Sample upper add positive pressure,测定 Sample rigid property 运动时 动 and ratio value.

11. abrasion consumption

abrasion consumption is plastics in scratch process in, micro from scratch surface separation 离,引起摩 scratch parts dimensions 不断 改变 machine property bad process,也 has is abrasion loss or abrasion 蚀.

12. hardness

plastics hardness is plastics resistant other hard material pressure property can, general purpose has hardness and hardness types.

肖氏 hardness is in pressure, time lower pressure device pressure pressure deep degree.

肖氏 pressure device can separation is type,即:A, D type.施 add negative weight is 1.0, 5.0公斤, pressure lower time is 15秒,A type suitable for soft plastics,D type suitable for semi hard plastics;当 use A type,测出 ultra- 95% amount 程时,应改 use D type,当D type ultra- 95% amount 程时,则 need use pressure 痕.

13. fatigue strong/high degree

fatigue strong/high degree is in 一 静态破 bad force has small amount 交变循 ring ring lower, make plastics bad strong/high degree; fatigue 载荷 源 has pressure, bending, 扭转, impact and other.

14. creep ★

creep is in temperature degree, wet degree conditions lower, plastics in solid outer force function lower,随 time performance 出 特征, this type of deformation 特征随 increase 载荷而 increase,随 decrease/reduce 载荷而 decrease/reduce, its deformation 亦逐渐恢复. creep has tensile creep, pressure shrink creep, bending creep and other.

15.持久 strong/high degree

持久 strong/high degree is plastics long time 经受静载荷 can force high reduce time 函数.例如:未经载荷 front plastics strong/high degree is 1000 small 时,而载荷 rear can can has its 50%至70% between.

16.线膨胀系数

线膨胀系数 is temperature degree rise high 1摄氏 degree 时,每一 cm plastics long cm 数. plastics 线膨胀系数 generally is 钢材 十倍 left right.

17. ratio hot

ratio hot is 指1克 plastics rise high difficult 1摄氏 degree 时, need hot amount mono 位.

18. thermal conductivity

thermal conductivity is certain mono 位面积 and thick degree plastics can through hot amount mono 位. plastics thermal conductivity very small,仅 is 钢材 百 separation left right, therefore is good hot material.

19. heat resistant property

plastics heat resistant property is 反映塑 parts temperature degree and deformation amount between features, heat resistant property for temperature degree has 关 塑 parts more is important.

20.玻璃化 temperature degree 　★

plastics melt can flow temperature degree reduce solid temperature degree is 玻璃化 temperature degree,此时 separation 子链段 basic upper can 运动,链节 internal 旋转扣紧也 very difficult, has between less 许移动 tensile and has elastic property deformation, therefore plastics has very large property.

21.脆化 temperature degree

当 for/regarding low temperature lower plastics add pressure 时, in very small deformation lower it 就会破 bad,此 temperature degree is temperature degree.

22. separation understanding temperature degree 　★

separation understanding temperature degree is plastics in hot large separation fracture temperature degree, meanwhile is plastics heat resistant property indicators 之一;当熔 material temperature degree ultra- separation understanding temperature degree 时, large separation material 会呈现发黄 color,且 products strong/high degree large large reduce.

23. melt flow index 　★

melt flow index (MFI)MI is thermoplastic property plastics in temperature degree and pressure lower, melt in 10 separation time inner through testing device small 孔 流出 熔 material weight, mono is 以克/10 separation table/sheet 示.

七, plastics features

1. plastics advantages

(1) easy processing, easy manufacturing (easy molding)

(2) can according to need color, or made formed transparent products

(3) can made light high strength product

(4)不生锈, easy 腐蚀

(5)不 easy hot, temperature property can good

(6)既 can made conductive parts, also can made as insulation product

(7) decrease 震, property can excellent 良,透 light property good

(8) product manufacturing cost low

2. plastics disadvantages

(1) heat resistant property 差, easy 于燃烧

(2)随 temperature degree 变化, property 质也会 large large 改变

(3) machine strong/high degree relatively low

(4) easy 于受特殊 solvent agent and product 腐蚀

(5) resistant property 差, easy aging

(6) easy loss 伤, easy 沾染灰尘 and material

(7) dimensional stability 差

八, plastics color

color agent application product types has: dry powder (color powder), color types, color masterbatch, liquid color 浆 and other, separation is has machine material and machine material large type.

color agent need tool has below/following good property can: color force strong/high, cover/cap force strong/high, dispersion property (versus property) good, heat resistant property good, lightfast property good, resistant property good, resistant solvent agent property good, resistant product property good, shrinkage rate low and other. 随 客户 for parts color requirements 越 越苛刻, color masterbatch or application 越 越广.

九, water material recycling utilizing

generally thermoplastic property water material can recycling utilizing,实验证明 water material add ratio/proportion in 25%以 inner, for its plastics property can (strong/high degree) effect/influence obvious (10% below/following. water material control and recycling utilizing is plastics industrial research 课题, hot runner mold use is decrease/reduce water material 创举. water material recycling utilizing and ratio/proportion, for plastics products color strong/high degree and other has different degree effect/influence, production need control add water material amount.