Shanghai Daoqin Plastics Co., Ltd.

thermoplastic property elastomer (TPE) is what?

         thermoplastic property elastomer (TPE) usually is elastic property relatively low elastic property material, in room temperature conditions lower can by tensile long degree above, tool has in force remove rear 几乎完 full 恢复至 its long degree can force. tool has this type of features 早期材 material is hot solid property 橡胶, many can injection thermoplastic property elastomer (TPE) series positive in 取代传统 橡胶. remove it basic use outer, TPE also used for rigid property thermoplastic property plastics modified, usually is used for impact resistant strong/high degree. for/regarding sheet/plate and generally grade composite/compounding material 说, this is versus 当普遍.

TPE types type

         to 1996 year is 止, types main/primary TPE can separation is large type: copolymer （ styrene type resin, copolymer more ester, polyurethane ester and polyamide (PA) ）, and thermoplastic property elastomer mixed material and alloy （ thermoplastic property polyolefin and thermoplastic property 硫化橡胶）.

         remove this TPE以 outer, also 出现 两 types new technology. it is metallocene catalytic combined formed polyolefin property and elastomer, and reaction molding thermoplastic property polyolefin elastomer.

        传统 type TPE is 谓 两 versus system. from essence upper 说, hard thermoplastic property plastics formed versus, machine or chemical methods and soft elastomer formed versus combined, formed TPE tool has versus combined property 质.

传统 TPE series

• styrene type resin (S-TPE)

• copolymer more ester (COPE)

• polyurethane ester (TPU)

• polyamide (PA) (PEBA)

• polyolefin mixed material (TPO)

• polyolefin alloy (TPV)

TPE new product types

• reaction molding TPO (R-TPO)

• polyolefin property 体(POP)

• polyolefin elastomer (POE)

         this new polyolefin property 体(POP) and elastomer (POE), essence upper is molecular weight non low property low density polyethylene (PE) (VLMW-LLDPE). as is polymerization catalytic agent technology 进步 产 material, this material development is soft packaging film features. 近, this property relatively good polyethylene (PE) as is low cost 橡胶取代 material, by used for certain for products requirements how applications. this main/primary that 不会接触极端 temperature degree, pressure, negative or force ring product. in products 方面, this new material by used for that more how much less has 一点挠 property or 触觉感 场 combined. attention/notes, it non is true positive elastomer.

TPE will has what tensile features?

tensile features

         tensile features is use elastomer by tensile will how to performance testing value. has types using/adopting experiment/testing, can elastomer in most applications ring will how to performance.

fracture resistant strong/high degree

        此 testing value also is resistant strong/high degree. in experiment/testing in, elastomer sheet/slice by tensile fracture. 拉断此材 material force amount by meanwhile 测出. its mono usually is 磅/平方英寸(psi) or 兆帕(MPa). resistant strong/high degree high elastomer, and testing value relatively low elastomer versus comparison easy 拉断.

resistant strong/high degree

        此 testing value elastomer resistant property can how to. resistant strong/high degree experiment/testing and fracture resistant strong/high degree experiment/testing basic same, sheet/slice has 一V形缺口以 as is expand 展点. testing material by tensile full 撕裂, 撕裂此试 sheet/slice force amount by meanwhile 记录. its mono usually is 磅/英寸(psi) or 千牛顿/米(kN/m).

tensile 模数

         in tensile experiment/testing in, elastomer by tensile various different long degree, its resistant tensile force amount by separation 别测出. testing value usually table/sheet is elastomer versus its long degree and long degree various different percentage resistant strong/high degree, in 50%, 100% or 300%时 resistant strong/high degree. elastomer for tensile resistant force in 开始时 can can very strong/high, it long 而会变 relatively low （称 is “颈 shrink ”）.

fracture elongation

         elongation non is amount tensile material is how to difficult or how to easy, is amount it in fracture front can by tensile more long. fracture elongation by table/sheet is and its long degree percentage. certain soft elastomer in fracture front can by tensile its long degree 1000% above. soft TPE elastomer elongation usually ratio hard rigid property material high more.

effect/influence testing value factors

        试 sheet/slice molding methods and melt flow direction effect/influence its tensile features testing value. therefore, for/regarding many elastomer, in flow direction and direction this direction tensile features need amount.

flow direction

        如同 elastomer its it many features, tensile features to molding polymer separation orientation effect/influence. therefore, 取决于 tensile is polymer molding flow direction 进行, also is 沿 横断 direction 进行, tensile features can can has very large 变化.

试 sheet/slice （挤 pressure molding versus for/regarding injection 模塑）

         certain experiment/testing is use injection 模塑 试 sheet/slice 进行, 而另一 experiment/testing is use pressure molding sheet/slice 进行. due to different type type sheet/slice its testing value has significantly 差别, therefore very important is, can for type type sheet/slice testing value comparison.

定义TPE pressure shrink deformation

         pressure shrink deformation value is material in temperature degree lower by pressure shrink 至一定形状, 并维持一定 time rear 而发生永久 property deformation amount.

         usually using/adopting ASTM testing methods (ASTM D395) requirements make material deformation （ pressure shrink ）达25%并 maintain time. its 复原30 separation rear again amount sample.

• 23 °C（ room temperature ）
  22 small 时, 70 small 时, 168 small 时（1星期）, 1000 small 时（42天）.

• 70 °C
  22 small 时, 70 small 时, 168 small 时（1星期）, 1000 small 时（42天）.

• 121 °C
  22 small 时, 70 small 时, 168 small 时（1星期）, 1000 small 时（42天）.

• 150 °C
  22 small 时, 70 small 时, 168 small 时（1星期）, 1000 small 时（42天）.

         testing value is material sample can to it has high degree percentage. 例如, 40% pressure shrink deformation table/sheet 示, thermoplastic property elastomer by pressure shrink thick degree 60%. 100% pressure shrink deformation table/sheet thermoplastic property elastomer filament milli 恢复, is 说, it maintain by pressure shrink 状态.

        往往 pressure shrink deformation easy and creep versus mixed 淆. however, pressure shrink deformation is in certain 一恒定 应变 conditions lower deformation amount, creep is in certain 一恒定应 force conditions lower deformation amount.

TPE is has suitable temperature degree?

         suitable temperature degree this 术语, is use large 致 定义 certain types material combined use most high temperature degree.

         suitable temperature degree 取决于 many factors, property can requirements, time long short, has negative in, and parts design structure and other.

         certain commonly used suitable temperature degree amount methods is Vicat softening temperature, heat deflection temperature (HDT) (HDT), USA safety testing 实验室(UL) methods, semi resistant strong/high degree and its it has methods, in industry 而异.

         requirements relatively high suitable temperature degree application 实例包括 automotive, 运输, liquid pressure soft tube/pipe and cable and other. requirements relatively high suitable temperature degree application 实例则包括 generally inner applications, 例如 人养护 use product and device upper 手柄, electrical 话筒连线以 and toys and other.

hardness what?

hardness

         in selection thermoplastic property elastomer 时, material versus for soft degree or hardness is need indicators 之一. hardness and its it important design features has 关, tensile and 挠曲模数. due to various different amount degree and hardness and its it material features 关系, in hardness can can generate mixed 淆.

hardness amount

        测 amount hardness most using/adopting device is 肖氏（ also is 邵尔） hardness 计. use elastic will metal pressure pressure material surface, amount it can more deep. device amount deep degree is 零至0.100英寸. 若标尺 upper is 零则意味 pressure 头穿入 极限 deep degree, 而读数 is 100则意味 穿入 deep degree is 零.

         has various different hardness scope/range hardness 计. use most 普遍 标 degree is 肖氏A grade degree, use types relatively pressure and elastic force in and other elastic 簧. 当读数 ultra- 90 above 时, 肖氏A grade hardness 计就变 不 is very 精确. for/regarding relatively hard material, use 肖氏D grade hardness 计, is it has 一 锐利 pressure and elastic force relatively strong/high elastic 簧, can relatively deep deep degree.

        当测 amount more hard plastics 时, use pressure more and elastic force more strong/high hardness 计, 例如洛氏 hardness 计. in 另一极端, use 肖氏00 grade hardness 计, amount soft and soft foam 橡胶.

         large more material can most pressure, time 推移, 因发生 creep and 松弛而会屈服. hardness 计 读数 can 即时读取, can in certain 一段特定延迟 time rear 读取, usually is in 5至10秒钟之 rear 读取. 即时读数总会显示出 ratio 延迟读数 relatively high （ or relatively hard ） 读数. 延迟读数 not only for material hardness but also for its elastic property 而言, more has table/sheet property. relatively low, elastic property relatively 差 材 material, comparison strong/high, relatively has elastic property material more easy creep.

         is ensure data has property, need has testing steps. is obtain 精确 读数, must has surface very but also thick parts, 以免结果受支撑 surface effect/influence. usually requirements thick degree is 0.200英寸, deformation relatively small hard property material, thick degree relatively thin can testing.

and its it features 关系

         hardness 经常会 and its it features mixed 淆, 例如挠曲模数. tube/pipe 两者都反映 product in use in 感觉, 但挠曲模数代 table/sheet for 挠曲 抵 resistant can force, hardness table/sheet for pressure 陷 抵 resistant can force. in certain 一特定 TPE series in, this types features is related 联. generally 而言, hardness value increase 时, 挠曲模数也会 increase.

         in addition, in 同一TPE series in, resistant creep property and resistant strong/high degree has 直接关联. this relatively soft TPE发生 creep degree will comparison hard material high, its resistant strong/high degree relatively small. friction coefficient (COF) and hardness formed ratio 关系. 当TPE hardness increase 时, friction coefficient usually decrease small.

        当 comparison various different series TPE时, remove hardness outer also need comparison its it material features data, as positive 确 材 material selection.

regulations 术语

USA food and material tube/pipe 理署(FDA)

         in USA 联邦政府行政 regulations 汇编第21篇第1章B节 in, USA food and material tube/pipe detailed used for food various polymer and composite/compounding material standards. types product by is “ FDA grade ”材 material 时, that 就说明 its formulation use 经联邦 regulations 第21篇第170－199部 separation 批准 材 material.

full 国卫生基金会(NSF)

         full 国卫生基金会 is in 公共卫生, safety and ring 境保护 field/area made standards, product testing and provide certification machine 构. NSF certification project is USA standards 学会(ANSI/RAB), Netherlands 鉴定委员会(RvA) and add large standards 委员会(SCC)进行资格鉴定.

         experiment/testing machine 构联盟 make NSF experiment/testing in world its it by 接受. experiment/testing machine 构联盟 certain formed 员包括Intertek experiment/testing company (ITS), Netherlands KIWA N.V., add large add large standards 协会(CSA) and quality tube/pipe 理协会(QMI), and Japan gas use tool 检查协会(JIA) and other and other.

         requirements NSF certification type application areas has use water, water system, 餐馆服务业, and pipeline and other.

USA 药典(USP)

         USA 药典(USP)函 cover/cap and liquid and liquid versus and application. USP experiment/testing is is provide polymer container material in material 效应方面 资 material. according to in 专门 USP生 material experiment/testing in performance, polymer by separation is and other grade. from 第I至第VI grade increase grade, requirements use ratio front grade more more agent for polymer 进行进一步 experiment/testing. another, also has 一 递 increase temperature degree scope/range can selection, 以进一步 to material property.

USA safety testing 实验室(UL)

         safety testing 实验室 is 一 独立 non property product safety and testing certification machine 构, its 基 设 in USA. commonly used experiment/testing has UL -94（ separation is HB, V0, V1 or V2 various and other grade and water 平 燃烧 experiment/testing ）, VTM（ film experiment/testing ）, and VW（垂直线材燃烧 experiment/testing ）. UL specifications covering type application areas 包括手持式 electronics plant/unit, use equipment and electrical appliances.

        军 use technology specification (MIL)  certain USA and non 军事方面 application requirements combined use technology specification. this specification true 菌培养, dimensional stability and many its it material features. in TPE field/area, requirements combined use technology specification application 包括火箭操纵 cable, specialized soft 线, lower cable and shipbuilding and 海岸间连接 cable and other.

add large standards 协会(CSA)

        CSA is add large is certain application made property can standards and testing methods main/primary standards machine 构. it is and USA ASTM, UL , DOT, FDA 以 and MIL similar machine 构.

thermoplastic property elastomer and hot solid property elastomer comparison

         elastomer usually separation is large type:

• thermoplastic property

• hot solid property

structure

         thermoplastic property elastomer is this type material, add hot it soft 化/熔化, in cooling 时则会 hard 化, can 如此反复变化. large more thermoplastic property plastics solvent 于特定 solvent agent, in 一定程 degree upper can 燃烧. soft 化/熔化 temperature degree polymer types type and product types 而异. due to thermoplastic property plastics for hot amount and force property, 故处理时必 must very small 心, 以避免材 material degradation, separation understanding or 引燃. e material.

         large more thermoplastic property plastics separation can by is 独立, versus in fine 线, Italy strip/profile 一样（见 upper 图）. add hot 时（例如模塑时）, separation 子链就开始 sliding, formed property flow. cooling 时, and separation also heavy new solid in 一起. again add hot 时, separation 子链就 also sliding. thermoplastic property plastics by add hot / cooling cycle has 实际 限 degree, ultra- 该限 degree rear its appearance and mechanical properties will to effect/influence.

         hot solid property elastomer in processing 期间经历 chemical 变化, property is solvent and 不熔. positive is this type of chemical crosslinked, formed hot solid property and thermoplastic property system between main/primary difference. through 谓硫化 process to its most property 质 天然橡胶 and combined formed 橡胶, 例如胶乳, 丁腈橡胶, mixing/compounding type polyurethane ester, silicon 胶, 丁基橡胶 and chlorine 丁橡胶, is type hot solid property elastomer.

        如 lower 图 示, hot solid property 橡胶硫化 or hard 化时, separation between will formed crosslinked, formed complex, versus 连接 网络. this crosslinked anti 止 各 separation sliding, from retardant add hot 时 塑 property flow. hot solid property elastomer in crosslinked process formed rear, if separation hot, polymer will degradation is 熔化. this type of and 鸡蛋 烹饪 has versus 似: 进一步 add hot can make 鸡蛋回 to it liquid 体状态, can make it 烧焦.

how to processing methods

         thermoplastic property elastomer can processing features, it excellent hot solid property main/primary excellent property. in processing its it key/critical property difference lower table/sheet 示.

Source: Robert Eller Associates

and hot solid property versus ratio, TPE excellent property:

• design active.

• manufacturing cost relatively low.

• processing cycle relatively short.

• very less or need mixing/compounding.

• 边角 material can separation recycling utilizing.

• product property stability.

• can using/adopting blow molding.

• can using/adopting hot molding.

• can consumption relatively low.

• processing process relatively simple.

• product quality relatively easy control.

• product density scope/range relatively 广.

• most parts mono parts cost relatively low.

• relatively has environmental protection.

shrinkage property how to effect/influence TPE?

shrinkage property

        当TPE from melt 状态开始 cooling 时, its separation versus for 齐, from make 模塑工 parts dimensions shrinkage. although this type of shrinkage usually is in per mille 之几英寸 scope/range inner, can significantly effect/influence parts and demolding, and formed product parts appearance.

         if shrinkage non-uniform, parts is 平整 工 parts can can 会发生 bending or warpage. in addition, in for 允许误差 requirements comparison application in, 出乎意 material outer shrinkage can can effect/influence certain parts and overall parts property.

         due to this causes, in production process in usually must will shrinkage property in inner.

工 parts demolding

        当工 parts has type or 镂空部 separation 时, elastomer shrinkage, it 会紧紧 裹住 mold this 部位, make parts demolding very difficult. mold design, mold surface light degree and processing conditions can shrink small this type of effect/influence, make 自动化 demolding formed is can can.

模塑 conditions

        模塑 conditions can significantly effect/influence shrinkage degree and essence. from high force very fast is low force 状态, shrinkage degree will increase. parts speed cooling and very high injection speed degree or pressure, can effect/influence shrinkage property. design 方面 考虑

        考虑 to shrinkage property, mold must processing ratio parts dimensions large. usually, shrinkage value has and other to specific parts molding can 知. therefore, 事先保守一 总 is most good. has can can, can use type mold.

        如同 elastomer various its it property 质, shrinkage property 往往随 polymer flow direction 而异. gate will melt mold direction, from will shrinkage property direction. again 者, certain TPE ratio its it TPE more is toward property, its 意思就 is 也许会 in certain direction shrinkage ratio direction more more. design mold 时, this factors must need in inner.