Shanghai Daoqin Plastics Co., Ltd.

 几 types Common engineering plastics

polyamide (PA) （PA）

polycarbonate (PC) （PC）

polyoxymethylene (POM) （POM）

polyphenylene oxide (PPO) （PPO）

polyamide (PA): also nylon (Nylon), 英文名称Polyamide, 简称PA）, is types more poly material, world upper types full fiber and plastics.

1931 year: DuPont company 卡罗泽斯 development nylon -66, formed is most industrial engineering plastics, 并于1939 year DuPont company production.

1942 year: Germany development nylon -6 industrial technology, as is fiber development application.

1961 year: China development PA1010.

1972 year: DuPont company development aromatic nylon industrial technology.

nylon currently is engineering plastics in output/production volume most large product types

most nylon products 1938 year nylon positive upper 市, most nylon products is substitute/replace made as 牙刷 刷毛（1938 year 2 month 24 day 开始出售） and 妇女穿 nylon 袜（1940 year 5 month 15 day upper 市）. 如今, nylon fiber more more is and other fiber (棉, 麻, and other ) mixed formed multiple fiber.

锦纶: Scientific Names poly fiber, is China polyamide (PA) type fiber 统称. 1958 year 4 month, 第一批 China Domestic caprolactam （ nylon 6） experiment/testing sample in 辽宁省锦西化 factory made formed 功. in fiber one-time filament formed 功, from 此拉开 China combined formed fiber industrial 序幕. this type of combined formed fiber rear by is “锦纶”, is nylon.

锦纶 product types: has 锦纶6, 锦纶66, 锦纶1010, 锦纶610, its in most main/primary is 锦纶66 and 锦纶6.

锦纶 features: strong/high degree high, wear resistance, elastic property good, can pure and mixed as various material and product. 锦纶吸 wet property and color property ratio good, resistant alkali resistant acid, long 期暴露 in day light lower its fiber strong/high degree decline. has hot type features, can maintain add hot formed bending deformation.

涤纶—— polyethylene terephthalate (PET) （PET）, China polyester fiber product 名称, 俗称 确良, filament and rear made formed fiber.

polyamide (PA) （PA）, is upper has amine 基团（-CONH-） polymer/macromolecule combined material 总称. PA can binary acid and binary amine or meanwhile has amine and 羧基 ω-氨基 acid polycondensation 而, can inner amine poly made.

aliphatic polyamide (PA) separation 子链由亚甲基（-CH2-） and amine structure （-CONH-）组 formed.

nylon as is large use amount engineering plastics, used for machine 械, automotive, electrical appliances, textile device 材, chemical industry equipment, aviation, and other field/area. formed is industry in can less structure material, its main features lower:

1． excellent force property can: nylon machine strong/high degree high, tough property good.

2．自 lubricating property, resistant scratch property good: nylon tool has very good lubricating property, friction coefficient small, from 而, as is 传动部 parts its use lifespan long.

3． excellent heat resistant property: nylon 46 and other high crystallization property nylon heat deflection temperature (HDT) very high, can in 150℃ lower long use. glass fiber reinforcement PA66 heat deflection temperature (HDT) to 250℃ above.

4． excellent electrical insulation property can: nylon electrical retardant very high, resistant dielectric breakdown voltage high, is excellent electrical, electrical appliances insulation material.

5． excellent resistant gas property.

6．吸 water property: nylon water property large, saturated and water can to 3% above. in 一定程 degree effect/influence made parts dimensional stability.

polyamide (PA) due to it low specific gravity, high resistant strong/high degree, wear resistant, lubricated property good, impact tough property excellent, tool has rigid 柔兼备 property can 而赢 人们 heavy 视, add its processing 简便, efficiency high, specific gravity light （ has metal 1/7）, can processing formed various products metal, used for automotive and 交通运输业.

polyamide (PA) in automotive industrial ratio/proportion most large, large 约每辆 automotive consumption nylon products 达3.6~4千克. its is electronics electrical.

type products has 泵叶轮, 风扇叶 sheet/slice, base/seat, sleeve/set, bearings, various table/sheet sheet/plate, automotive electrical appliances table/sheet, cold hot gas adjustment and other parts.

polyamide (PA) fiber can and 棉, 麻, 羊毛, filament and other other textile fiber mixed 纺, improve/increase product strong/high degree and wear resistance. it also can made formed light, thin has good strong/high degree product, nylon 塔夫绸, can used as slip 雪衫, 羽绒服, bag and 伞 面 material. polyamide (PA) fiber in type applications in advantages 位. strong/high degree is 53～88cN/dtex polyamide (PA) fiber can used for made as 轮胎帘子线, belt/tape and 渔网, 绳索, drop 落伞, 帐篷布 and other industrial use product. polyamide (PA) fiber carpet application positive speed increase.

table/sheet -2 automotive use PA engineering plastics parts

1． nylon wet property strong/high, easy 受潮: molding front must separation drying.

nylon water amount for its force property can has relatively large effect/influence, in melt lower, water separation in, 会引起 nylon hydrolysis 而导致 molecular weight decline, make products mechanical properties decline, also in molding process in, products surface bubbles, silver streaks and and other defect.

2． nylon melt viscosity low, flow property large, nozzle generate “流延” phenomenon: nylon in screw injection machine molding 时, in screw 端部必 must 安装止逆 ring.

use screw injection machine injection molding 时, melt in screw and material between 出现逆流, make material 不准, raw materials, nozzle.

3． nylon is crystallization property high poly material: 必 must control process conditions.

melting point obvious, but also relatively high. nylon need in relatively high temperature degree lower molding, melt nylon heat stabilized property relatively 差, easy separation understanding.

4． nylon molding shrinkage large: molding process 应严格 control.

for/regarding manufacturing high density products, mold design in experiment/testing upper its dimensions.

p type polyamide (PA): 由ω-氨基 acid polycondensation or inner amine ring polymerization made （如 nylon 6）

mp type: 由 binary amine and binary acid polycondensation to polyamide (PA) is mp type polyamide (PA) （如 nylon 6,6）

nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 has what is the difference:

nylon 6,6 and nylon 6 in structure upper versus property, 导致两 types material property can basic versus 似; is structure upper fine micro 差别, 也导致 property can has 差异.

1, is type structure —— thermoplastic property

has aliphatic polyamide (PA) separation 子链都 is type structure, separation skeleton/framework 由-C-N-链组 formed, tool has good property, therefore is type thermoplastic property polymer.

2, separation between has hydrogen 键—— crystallization can force strong/high （ and polyolefin type difference ）

separation upper has 规律 交替排列 relatively strong/high property amine 键, separation 子链规整, property amine can make separation between formed hydrogen 键, polyamide (PA) tool has relatively strong/high crystallization can force.

due to different product types PA its mono 体 含 carbon 原子数 different, make separation between can formed hydrogen ratio/proportion and hydrogen separation distribution hydrophobic degree different, effect/influence to different PA crystallization can force and melting point has obvious 差别.

hydrogen ratio/proportion 数 ∝ PA crystallization can force, melting point

hydrogen ratio/proportion large, PA crystallization can force reinforcement, melting point high.

P type PA: mono in has carbon 原子, separation upper amine can 100%形 formed hydrogen 键, 偶数则 has 50% can formed hydrogen 键.

mp type PA: 两 types mono upper has carbon 原子, 100%形 formed hydrogen 键, has types or has carbon 原子, 50%形 formed hydrogen 键.

force property can:

tool has good wear resistant consumption property , is excellent wear resistant material 之一. crystallization degree high, material hardness large, wear resistance good. type strong/high tough polymer, comprehensive property can excellent generally general purpose plastics.

thermal properties:

tool has 良 good flexible , 玻璃化 temperature degree in room temperature left right, hydrogen 键 形 formed, make its 熔 melt temperature degree generally high polyolefin , has obvious melting point.

PA is semi crystallization polymer, crystallization degree generally small polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), PTFE and other high crystallization degree polymerization degree.

electrical property can:

polyamide (PA) in property amine 基团, effect/influence its electrical insulation property.

room temperature drying conditions lower, electrical insulation property relatively good, wet 时候, electrical insulation property decrease small. meanwhile, temperature degree rise high, make electrical insulation property reduce

optical property can:

large more crystallization aliphatic PA ultra- 2.5mm thick 几乎不 transparent, low 于0.5mm时 is semi transparent.

add additives （如炭黑 and other ） as is nucleating agent, increase PA crystallization degree, 球晶数 amount, from reduce light 透射, in 球晶边界 light dispersion is light decrease/reduce and causes. 随 PA in amine concentrated degree decrease/reduce, PA transparent increase.

chemical resistance can:

due to its high inner poly can and crystallization property, make its tool has good chemical stability property.

1, solvent 于普通 solvent agent （ alcohol, ester, ketone type ）;

2, resistant many chemical product, low acid alkali, and agent and other effect/influence;

3, for salt water, fine and 霉菌都 very stability;

4, normal temperature lower, solvent strong/high property solvent agent （硫 acid, acid and other ）.

other property can:

room temperature lower, PA property can stability, can long time maintain property can 不变.

tool has versus for excellent weather resistance, gas 候 变化会 make PA发脆, force property can decline, surface generate 变化.

tool has property, 但火焰传播 speed degree very slow.

PA tool has wide processing scope/range and good processing property, has commonly used thermoplastic parts plastics processing methods can processing PA. its in most main/primary is injection molding and extrusion formed 形.

another, PA water absorption high, in formed front for resin drying.

PA application:

1, machine parts: bearings, 轴瓦, active ring, 采叶轮 and other and other

2, automotive industrial: main/primary using/adopting glass fiber reinforced PA, use in belt/tape 轮, 吸附罐, water device and other and other

3, electronics electrical appliances: machine 罩, formed sheet/plate, 旋扭, electrical appliances 线圈

4, chemical industry equipment: resistant oil resistant pipeline, tube/pipe, device

5, construction and use: 门, slip 轮, safety 帽, and other and other