Shanghai Daoqin Plastics Co., Ltd.

        1964 year 1 month 16 day, Dotter and Judkins application 球囊导 tube/pipe is 一位老 year 女患进行 world upper lower tube/pipe formed 形术. 13 year rear, Gruentzig application 球囊导 tube/pipe world 首例冠状动脉 formed 形术. 时至今 day, expand tube/pipe already used for tube/pipe diagnosis, 治疗, temperature 故而知 new, review expand tube/pipe technology development 历程, for 我们现 in and rear as has very more Di.

         currently expand tube/pipe basic separation is fast speed type, overall type, solid filament 球囊, 灌注球囊四 large type type. another also has type type expand tube/pipe, di filament 球囊, 切割球囊, material and other and other. according to function features separation is high property 球囊, semi property 球囊, low property and non property expand tube/pipe. below/following 就球囊 expand tube/pipe separation inner 容做一 introduction.

        一, 球囊导 tube/pipe type type

        1, fast speed type expand tube/pipe

         fast speed type expand tube/pipe is currently PCI in application most 广泛 球囊 expand tube/pipe. tube/pipe in 距球囊顶端25cm处 has 一侧孔, filament 尾端经球囊顶端插入而 from 该侧孔穿出, more 换球囊 expand tube/pipe use long filament. its design features large 方便 术者操 as, time. fast speed 交换球囊 structure and other type type difference also in 于, fast speed 交换球囊包括一 球囊 and 推送杆 连接段, has fracture 情况 发生. and filament 均由术者一人操 as, 显影效果理想. type type disadvantages is 如不退出整 sleeve/set system, method more filament, use long filament, can more formed OTW球囊, force has reduce, property 稍差.

        2, OTW球囊 expand tube/pipe

        OTW球囊 expand tube/pipe (over the wire, OTW)即 overall type 球囊, 1982 year used for PTCA. CTO病变 or need 交换导 filament lower or 室间隔 chemical melt and in 心腔测 pressure, 取血时 can selection, currently upper OTW球囊 relatively less use. OTW球囊 expand tube/pipe tool has easy 于交换导 filament and property good and other advantages. in filament difficult through 闭塞病变时 can utilizing OTW球囊 provide outer force, similar micro tube/pipe function, if filament still method through 病变, can will OTW球囊 expand tube/pipe as is 传输导 tube/pipe other filament. in filament through rear, also can utilizing OTW球囊 expand tube/pipe 进行远端造影以利于判断导 filament is 否位于 true 腔. therefore OTW球囊 expand tube/pipe in 处理CTO病变时 still tool has advantages. type type disadvantages is dimensions large, filament long degree 300 cm, requirements 两位术者配 combined.

        3, solid filament expand tube/pipe

        球囊 expand tube/pipe solid has long 2 cm can type soft filament, in currently commonly used expand tube/pipe in its outer most small, 因而病变跨越 rate increase high, 显影效果理想, mono as. tube/pipe 进入靶血 tube/pipe in di toward meanwhile make tube/pipe relatively easy loss, can mono 独运动, can 交换导 filament, currently upper basic again use.

        4, 灌注球囊 expand tube/pipe

        灌注球囊 expand tube/pipe in its 近远端 tool has more 侧孔, therefore in 球囊充 gas 时, still can through 球囊进入病变远端. 当平均主动脉 pressure is 80 mmHg时, its 远端血流 still can 达40-60 ml/min. in 处理冠脉穿孔 and other 并发症 need application 球囊持续 add pressure 时, selection 灌注球囊 expand tube/pipe tool has advantages. main/primary disadvantages is tube/pipe versus for relatively coarse, 跨越病变 can force relatively 差.

        5, type type expand tube/pipe

         currently upper use type type main/primary di filament 球囊, 切割球囊, material 洗脱球囊 and other, essence upper this types belongs to fast speed 交换球囊 expand tube/pipe, its also tool 备特殊 function 而异于常规意义 upper fast speed 交换球囊. di filament outer and 普通球囊 similar, in 球囊末端 has 供导引导 filament inner 腔, in addition in surface also has solid has filament, and 导引导 filament separation 别位于球囊两侧180°角 位置. di filament expand can 规则 切开斑 block 组织, for inner film loss small, meanwhile can ensure 球囊不移位. 切割球囊 is will micro technology and expand combined material, currently application 切割球囊 main/primary is third generation product, tool has through property more good, relatively low pressure can obtain separation expand 张, tube/pipe inner film 不规则撕裂 small, again narrow rate low and other advantages. material 洗脱球囊 is will 传统 球囊 expand technology and material technology combined material, as is 支架术 一 types has 效补充 positive 逐渐显现出 its excellent property, material 洗脱球囊 can 避免由 metal and polymer 载体造 formed function, can will material coating 抹于特定病变区域 血 tube/pipe upper, used for control again narrow.

        二, expand tube/pipe structure and property can

        以临床 upper commonly used fast speed type expand tube/pipe is 例, brief introduction expand tube/pipe basic structure and property can.

        1, expand tube/pipe basic structure

        (1)球囊 expand tube/pipe 尖端

        导 tube/pipe outer 径, hardness and long degree can effect/influence through can force. 锥形 尖端 design has decrease small 球囊尖端 outer 径, improve/increase tube/pipe property. light welding and other technology application, has 利于进一步 shrink small expand tube/pipe outer 径. usually 讲, short hard 头 球囊 expand tube/pipe more easy through heavy narrow 病变, long soft 头 球囊 expand tube/pipe more suitable for 迂曲病变 处理.

        (2)球囊段材 material and methods: 球囊材 material very large degree upper 决定 球囊 顺应 property, 如PET(polyethylene terephthalate)材 material 球囊顺应 property relatively small, 而POC(Polyolefin copolymer)材 material 球囊顺应 property relatively large. currently upper commonly used semi property more using/adopting nylon material, another 球囊材 material is effect/influence through can force and property important factors. 球囊回卷 property is 决定球囊 again through can force important indicators.

        球囊 折叠 methods is effect/influence through outer important factors. low 折叠球囊 through outer relatively small, 如1.5mm Sprinter球囊 using/adopting di methods, through outer is 0.021". surface coating material can reduce through 病变时 摩 scratch force, reinforcement through can force. in surface using/adopting more is hydrophilic water coating material, 如Aqua T3 using/adopting hydrophilic water Aqua SLX coating, improve/increase through can force.

        (3)连接段: as is 联系球囊 and 推送杆 between 移行区域, in very large degree upper 决定 球囊 推送 property and resistant can force. currently more 数球囊 连接段均 add in filament reinforcement force, make tool has more color property and resistant can force.

        (4)推送杆: day front commonly used expand tube/pipe 推送杆材 material has types type type: using/adopting metal 推送杆, expand tube/pipe property relatively good, scratch force relatively large; using/adopting polymer/macromolecule material outer housing/shell combined in filament, 球囊推送杆 摩 scratch force relatively small, 但推送 property relatively 差. in need meanwhile 送入2支球囊 expand tube/pipe 处理病变, separation 叉病变时, also 应考虑球囊推送杆 outer and 导引导 tube/pipe inner between 关系, 常规应 use 7F导引导 tube/pipe, improve/increase formed rate.

        2, expand tube/pipe commonly used parameters

        (1)球囊 large small (size): 球囊直径 generally from 1.25～4.0 mm不 and other, 以0.25 mm递 increase, long degree generally is 0.8-2.0 cm, suitable for more 数病变. long degree 3.0cm above 球囊称 long 球囊, used for long degree <2.0 cm 病变. long degree 1.5 cm below/following 球囊称 short 球囊, used for long degree >5 mm 病变, 冠状动脉口病变 and method separation 支 血 tube/pipe separation 叉处病变. 直径1.5 and 2.0 mm 球囊常 used for high degree narrow 病变 预 expand 张.

        (2)球囊 outer 径(profile): outer 径包括 more indicators, 如: through outer 径, 推送杆 outer 径(shaft profile), 球囊 尖端 outer 径(tip profile)以 and 尖端病变入口 outer 径(tip entry profile) and other and other. its in through outer is evaluation property can commonly used indicators, usually is in 球囊末 expand 张状态 lower amount 球囊标记部位 outer 径. through outer large small and 球囊 材质, made as process, 球囊 折叠 methods and technology and other has 一定 关系. 球囊 折叠层数越 less, through outer small, 而嵌入式 标记 technology has reduce through outer 径, 如1.5 mm Sprinter球囊 through outer is 0.021", Maverick球囊 through outer is 0.017". therefore for/regarding generally 冠脉病变, more 数球囊 through outer 径均足以 meet/satisfy through demand, for/regarding heavy narrow, 钙化病变, selection through outer small mono 标记球囊, more easy through 病变.

        (3)导 tube/pipe outer 径: tube/pipe outer small, 则球囊推送容 easy, 但显影效果差;导 tube/pipe outer large, 则球囊推送 difficult, 但显影效果 good.

        (4)球囊 命名 pressure (nominal pressure) and pressure (rated burst pressure): pressure 指球囊达 to 预定直径时 pressure. pressure 指球囊 by 充盈破裂时 pressure, 球囊爆破 pressure is according to outer testing 结果, most less 99.9% 球囊(95% can 信区间)不会发生破裂 most large pressure. 球囊命名 pressure and 球囊爆破 pressure is 反映球囊 property can important parameters, 决定 球囊 expand safety pressure scope/range.

        3, expand tube/pipe property can

        (1)球囊 顺应 property (compliance): property is in 每改变一 mono pressure strong/high 时体积 变化 value. for large more 数PTCA球囊导 tube/pipe 说, increase pressure strong/high long degree 并不发生变化. therefore, 体积 变化 main/primary in 球囊直径 变化 upper. 球囊 顺应 property main/primary 取决于球囊 材 material. property in pressure easy deformation, and in to can tensile strength 极限(破裂) front obvious increase, easy 引发支架两端出现夹层, already very less use. more poly material and technology development, thin 壁, property relatively small material 球囊应运而生, this 球囊材 material polyethylene (PE) (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (PET), nylon and polyurethane ester. currently upper commonly used is use nylon material made formed semi property 球囊. non property 球囊指 is 实际直径随充盈 pressure increase high 而变化不 large 球囊, main/primary used for 支架植入 rear expand and 钙化病变 处理.

        (2)球囊 expand tube/pipe property (trackability): is 指球囊 expand tube/pipe filament through bending to 达病变部位 can force. generally lower, understanding structure, as technology and experience and filament -导 tube/pipe combined effect/influence tube/pipe is to 位. for 球囊导 tube/pipe effect/influence property factors main/primary has expand tube/pipe material, property, 远端推送杆 outer and hydrophilic water coating and other.

        (3)球囊 expand tube/pipe property (pushability): is 指球囊 expand tube/pipe 推送球囊 front can force. property can large good, 球囊 推送 property main/primary 取决于球囊头端 design, 推送杆 材 material and 移行区 design, 如Maverick球囊 推送杆 using/adopting metal 杆, has reinforcement expand tube/pipe force, another, 连接段 add in filament design 进一步 improve/increase expand tube/pipe force.

        (4)球囊 expand tube/pipe active property (flexibility): expand tube/pipe active property main/primary in expand tube/pipe bending tube/pipe can force, 远端导 tube/pipe material, outer and 连接段 design in very large degree upper 决定 球囊 expand tube/pipe active property.

         another, expand tube/pipe expand in and again through can force is evaluation its property can important indicators.

         summary

         in PCI process in, expand tube/pipe selection 似乎远不如导引导 tube/pipe and 导引导 filament complex and important. is, if understanding structure, features and other indicators, in selection 不当时会造 formed use 失误, light loss tube/pipe inner film, heavy formed tube/pipe 血肿, 夹层, 破裂, 引起严 heavy rear 果, 因而充 separation 认识球囊导 tube/pipe structure and property can features, positive selection expand tube/pipe still non important.