Shanghai Daoqin Plastics Co., Ltd.

 橡塑包括 PE, PP, PVC, ABS, PC, PA, POM, PBT, PET, TPE, TPO, TPR, TPU and other material ; this material, generally need 进行常规 or testing: aging testing, its in 包括: gas aging test （氙弧灯, carbon 弧灯, outer 灯）, gas 候暴晒 experiment/testing, salt experiment/testing, wet hot experiment/testing, high low temperature experiment/testing, oxygen experiment/testing, hot oxygen aging test and other;

force property can, electrical property can 方面 testing , 包括: tensile, 撕裂, bending, pressure shrink, impact, heat deflection temperature (HDT), Vicat softening temperature, melt flow index, oxygen index (LOI), surface electrical retardant, electrical retardant, dielectric breakdown voltage, gloss, light transmittance, degree, property can and other.

但 true positive system 完整 资 material, can to 估计并不 more, therefore has this 篇文章 目. this 篇文章 for/regarding sales 而言, can fast speed understanding plastics basic property 质; for/regarding quality 朋友, can add deep for/regarding 自己工 as 一认识; for/regarding R&D 朋友, has 一 参考 property 建议.

一 machine force property can

1. density and specific gravity

plastics specific gravity is in temperature degree lower,秤 amount Sample weight and 同体积 water weight ratio value, mono is g/cm3, commonly used liquid force method as methods.

图 plastics density testing 仪

in quality same conditions lower, density light, according to ρ=m/V, specific gravity small, in and other 体积, price same lower, specific gravity small material can manufacturing product more, mono product material cost 也就越 low, but also can decrease/reduce product weight, 节省运输 and other use. therefore, specific gravity is non important property. especially is in plastics metal and other material 时候, is especially large advantages.

2. tensile / bending

in tensile property can testing in, usually testing project is tensile force, tensile strength, tensile strong/high degree, fracture elongation, tensile elastic property modulus, flexural modulus / flexural strength and other.

tensile testing : high poly material material basic material property, for material add force rear, deformation amount, 求出应 force, force 应变曲线 is most methods. will strip/profile use device tool solid good, add direction tensile heavy, to bad 时 应 force and 扭曲.

elastic property modulus : E=(F/S)/(dL/L)（材 material in elastic property deformation stage/phase, its force and formed positive ratio/proportion 关系） elastic property modulus ” is material elastic property material amount, is 一 总称, 包括“杨氏 modulus ”, “剪切 modulus ”, “体积 modulus ” and other.

 
图 plastics tensile strip/profile

elastic property modulus 意义: elastic property modulus is engineering material important property can parameters, from macro degree 说, elastic property modulus is amount material resistant elastic property deformation can force large small degree, from micro degree 说, is 原子, or separation between combined strong/high degree reaction.

图 different plastics tensile 图形变化

strong/high degree : material in function lower resistant property deformation or by bad most large can force.

屈服 strong/high degree : material obvious property deformation resistant force

tensile strength : in tensile experiment/testing in, Sample fracture is 止 承受 most large tensile force.

tensile force : Sample in amount scope/range inner, mono 位初始横截面 upper tensile negative 荷.

tensile fracture force : σｔ－εｔ曲线 upper fracture 时 应 force.

tensile 屈服应 force : σｔ－εｔ曲线 upper 屈服点处 应 force.

fracture elongation : Sample fracture 时, 标线间距离 increase amount and 初始标距之 ratio.

屈服点: σｔ－εｔ曲线 upper σｔ不随εｔ increase 初始点.

图 应 force —应变 process

注:

E越 large, 说明材 material hard, versus 反则越 soft;

σb or σy越 large, material strong/high, versus 反则越 low;

εb or S越 large, 说明材 material tough, versus 反则越脆

3. impact

定义: 摆锤打击简支梁 Sample in 部, make Sample to impact fracture, Sample fracture mono 位面积 or mono wide degree consumption impact is impact strong/high degree.

图 impact testing device

意义: impact tough property is polymer/macromolecule material in high speed lower 呈现 坚 tough degree, or resistant fracture can force. generally 说, impact tough property 包括两 方面: impact rear deformation can force and fracture can force, front generally use fracture elongation table/sheet 示, rear generally use impact strong/high degree table/sheet 示.

impact strong/high degree 计算公式:  E=A/bd

A: table/sheet 示冲动时 消 consumption 功; b/d separation table/sheet impact wide and thick; E即 is impact strong/high degree

冲断 Sample consumption generally separation is below/following several 方面:

• make Sample generate cracks

• make its in certain cracks development 贯穿整 Sample 而断开

• make cracks polymer 发生形变

• make Sample sheet/slice 段飞出

• a small amount of 克服空 gas retardant force and machine parts between scratch force

注: generally 说, in by bad front absorption impact can large, fracture long large, material impact tough property good .

4. 洛氏/ Shore hardness

定义: material resistant other relatively hard material pressure its surface can force.

目 : amount material suitable property, understanding material abrasion scratch property can, tensile property can, solid degree and other force property can

commonly used hardness testing methods : Shore hardness, hardness, hardness is product hard degree. in add heavy lower, 测定坚 hard 圆珠凹陷时 resistant property 实验. if plastics in content relatively more 话, impact strong/high degree will increase, hardness decline.

5.撕裂 strong/high degree

撕裂 force Ft: Sample 需 平均 force or most large force.

撕裂 strong/high degree : already Sample thick degree is d mm,则撕裂 strong/high degree is force and thick degree ratio value Ft /d. GB and ISO more use F/d as strong/high degree, 但ASTMD1004(plastics sheet/slice 材)以F as strong/high degree, ASTM D624(橡胶)则以F/d as strong/high degree.

6. plastics viscosity

is plastics melt flow large separation between versus friction coefficient large small. it is plastics melt flow property high low 反映, viscosity large, melt viscous property strong/high, flow property 越差, processing difficult, meanwhile is polymer molecular weight large small 一 测评 methods. plastics viscosity large small and plastics melt flow index large small formed ratio. plastics viscosity plastics features, outer temperature degree, pressure and other conditions 变化而变化.

二 hot property can

1. melt flow index

melt flow index is types table/sheet plastics material processing flow property value. it is USA amount standards 协会(ASTM) according to USA DuPont company use plastics features methods made formed, its testing methods is let plastics in time （10 separation 钟） inner, temperature degree and pressure （ various material standards different ） lower, melt formed plastics 流体, rear through 一直径 is 2.095mm圆 tube/pipe 流出 克（g）数. table/sheet methods has MFI: quality; MVR: 流体体积.

in micro upper, melt large table/sheet 示体现 viscosity small and separation weight small, 反之则代 table/sheet plastics viscosity large and separation weight large. in macro upper, its value large, table/sheet plastics material processing flow property 越佳, 反之则越差.

2. ash content

generally in 马沸炉 in high temperature 灼烧, polymer 发生一 series material and chemical 变化, most rear has machine formed separation 挥发逸 dispersion, machine formed separation （ main/primary is machine salt and oxidation material ）则残留 lower, this material is ash content. generally modified product 里面, ash content is silicon 石, carbon acid 钙, slip powder, glass fiber (GF), titanium powder and other 一 无 machine material 质.

图 ash content 炉

目 : plastics in machine material content, as is 判断材 material true false based on and 评判材 material property can based on, 如: in add glass fiber (GF) plastics in, high plastics material rigid property increase, heat resistant property increase, tough property reduce, 反之, tough property increase, rigid property heat resistant property decline.

3. water separation

指含 in material internal water. water separation content is effect/influence polyamide (PA) （PA） and polycarbonate (PC) （PC） and other resin processing process, product appearance and product features important factors. in injection molding process in, if use water separation content more plastics pellets production,则会 generate processing issues,并 most effect/influence formed product quality,如: surface cracking, light,以 and impact resistant property can and tensile strength and other mechanical properties reduce and other.

4. hot heavy

hot heavy is through for material add hot, make material 质逐渐挥发, separation understanding, amount temperature degree rise high weight 变化. this can use material certain material property 质, 如: separation understanding temperature degree, melting point and other type.         

5.玻璃化 temperature degree

high poly material high elastic 态转变 is 玻璃态 temperature degree, 指无定 type polymer （包括 crystallization type polymer in non crystallization separation ）由玻璃态 toward high elastic or rear toward front 者 转变 temperature degree, is type polymer large separation 子链段自由运动 most low temperature degree, commonly used Tg table/sheet 示, 随测定 methods and conditions has different. high poly material types important process indicators. in temperature degree above, high poly material performance elastic property; in temperature degree below/following, high poly material performance property.

6. heat deflection temperature (HDT)

heat deflection temperature (HDT) （Heat deflection temperature）: for polymer/macromolecule material or polymer add negative 荷, 以一定 speed degree rise temperature, to 规定形变时 for temperature degree.

testing 目 : 处于玻璃态 or crystallization high poly material, temperature degree improve/increase, and separation 子运动 can amount improve/increase, in outer force function lower its toward 运动而导致 deformation can force increase, 即材 material resistant outer force can force —— modulus temperature degree rise high decline, temperature degree improve/increase, solid negative lower plastics generate deformation increase .

7. Vicat softening temperature

Vicat softening temperature is evaluation material resistant thermal properties, products in hot conditions lower material force property can indicators 之一. material Vicat softening temperature can used for evaluation material use temperature degree, can use 指导材 material quality control. Vicat softening temperature high, table/sheet material hot dimensional stability good, hot deformation small, heat resistant deformation can force good, rigid property large, modulus high.

图 维卡 soft 化/ heat deflection temperature (HDT) testing 仪

8. hot 传导系数

定义: material hot can force thermal properties parameters, mono is W/m.K (kcal/m.℃.h).

experiment/testing device : hot rate 测定仪, suitable for thermally conductive material and hot material testing

9. low temperature 脆化

plastics rigid property ring temperature degree 变化而变化, temperature degree reduce to certain temperature degree scope/range 时, performance rigid property, 继而变脆.

脆化 temperature degree 测定: in 规定 受 force and deformation conditions lower, its 显示脆 property bad temperature degree

10. thermal expansion coefficient

material in or long degree temperature degree rise high increase large phenomenon is hot 膨胀. thermal expansion coefficient is material main/primary material property 质之一, it is amount material heat stabilized property good bad important indicators. types different material welding or 熔接时, requirements this types material tool versus 近 膨胀系数.

causes : if selection material 膨胀系数 versus comparison large, welding or 熔接时 due to speed degree different, in welding generate force, reduce material machine strong/high degree and gas property, heavy also 会导致 welding 处脱落, 炸裂, gas or 漏油.

11. testing

is material 燃烧遇火时 发生 一切 material and chemical 变化, this property can has material surface property and 火焰传播 property, hot, 发烟, carbon 化, heavy, and property formed material generate and other amount.

testing methods: main/primary has oxygen index (LOI) property can testing, water 平燃烧 property can testing, 垂直燃烧 property can testing, hot filament can 燃指数 testing and other , its in material flame retardant property can effect/influence material use.

1）极限 oxygen index (LOI) method

is in 规定 实验 conditions lower, amount sample need most low oxygen concentrated degree types methods, 燃烧 实验 ring gas is nitrogen gas / oxygen gas mixed combined material, Sample product 垂直放置（顶端接触点火 device ）. is gas in oxygen gas concentrated degree is 21％, therefore if LOI value high 于21％（体积 ratio ）说明材 material tool has flame retardant property can. LOI value large, 说明材 material flame retardant property can good.

2）灼 hot filament testing

模仿 this type of hot or generate function （例如 载 electrical retardant device hot ）, evaluation 火灾 危害. hot filament testing temperature degree is 550, 650, 750, 850, 960 ℃甚至 more high, specific temperature degree related specification 决定:  

• if meet/satisfy lower conditions 之一就认 is material sample can 够经受灼 hot filament testing: material 无火焰 and material 无火星.  

• sample or 者火星 in 移开灼 hot filament 30秒 rear 熄灭, but also in lower 面 棉花 or 者纸张没 has by or 者烧焦.

3） water 平/垂直燃烧

will long strip/profile strip/profile solid in water or 垂直夹 tool upper, its 另一端暴露于规定 experiment/testing in, through amount property speed rate, evaluation Sample water 平燃烧行 is; through amount its 余焰火 and time, scope/range and pellets low 落 情况 evaluation plastics property can.

三 insulation electrical property can

1. surface resistivity

材 material surface resistant degree. in sheet/slice surface 两 位置 between add electrical 极, 测定试 sheet/slice surface electrical retardant features

2. volume resistivity

材 material internal retardant force degree. in material 反面施 add electrical pressure, 测定试 sheet/slice retardant force. retardant force value large, conductive property 越差, insulation property good.

3. dielectric breakdown voltage

polymer/macromolecule material in electrical pressure scope/range inner is insulation 体, 但随 施 add electrical pressure rise high, property can 会逐渐 decline. electrical pressure rise to value formed local conductive, 此时称材 material by 击穿.

4.漏 electrical 起痕

solid insulation material surface in electrical and electrical understanding liquid combined function lower 逐渐形 formed conductive process, is electrical 起痕. insulation material surface resistant electrical can force, is resistant electrical 起痕.

resistant electrical experiment/testing main/primary is 模拟家 use electrical appliances product in use in different property belt/tape electrical parts in insulation material surface conductive material is 否引起 insulation material surface electrical, short and 起火危险而进行 检验.

experiment/testing main/primary is types 模拟极恶 poor conditions accelerated experiment/testing 以检验 insulation material is 否会形 formed electrical 痕迹, from can in short time inner difference solid insulation material resistant electrical can force.

5. resistant electrical 弧

显示 is plastics in high electrical pressure electrical lower can force, 测定形 formed conductive 路（Conducting Path）且 electrical 弧消失时 需 time. resistant electrical property is 未经污染 drying lower features, CTI is electrical understanding 质而受 to ring lower features.

6. dielectric loss

electrical in outer electrical function lower, will separation electrical can formed hot can material process, is electrical loss consumption.

意义: dielectric loss large, material property can 就越差, its is 判断材 material property can good bad, selection material and made as device parts important based on.

7. dielectric constant

dielectric constant ε is table/sheet insulation material in electrical lower 介质极化程 degree parameters, it is 充满此 insulation material electrical container electrical amount, and true is electrical 介质时同样 electrical dimensions electrical container electrical amount ratio value.

8. electrical strong/high degree

材 material for high electrical pressure can force, is electrical property most large strong/high degree, 测定材 material generate loss electrical pressure. usually electrical strong/high degree high, material insulation quality good.

四 aging testing

aging test 包括: gas aging test （氙弧灯, carbon 弧灯, outer 灯）, gas 候暴晒 experiment/testing, material lifespan 推算, salt experiment/testing, wet hot experiment/testing, high low temperature experiment/testing, oxygen experiment/testing, oxidation 硫-臭 oxygen experiment/testing, hot oxygen aging test, liquid 体介质 aging test, use 户特定 conditions aging test and other and other. generally testing project according to need 做.

1.人工 accelerated aging

in 实验室 utilizing aging 箱模拟自然 ring conditions certain aging factors aging test.

hot aging testing : is 评定材 material for high temperature property types simple 人工模拟实验 methods, is will material high versus for use temperature degree relatively high temperature degree in make its hot function, through testing front rear property can 变化 评定材 material resistant thermal properties.  

2.氙灯 light aging

氙弧辐射源经 两 types different light system 之一 改变 its generate light distribution, separation 别模拟太 cationic 辐射 紫 outer and can light light distribution, 模拟3mm thick 窗玻璃滤 light 辐射 紫 outer and can light light distribution.

 氙灯 aging testing 就 is 评定户 outer 无遮蔽 use and equipment 经受太 cationic hot and optical can force. effect/influence scope/range 包括待测 material electrical property function is positive 常, material structure is deformation or loss bad, is 验证待测测 material surface material day light long 期曝晒 rear color 退化, usually in experiment/testing front and experiment/testing rear Color Difference 仪进行 color 变异程 degree amount testing.

this is for in cationic light lower product and its manufacturing material experiment/testing. cationic can light chemical and hot 效应. in large more 数情况 lower, this experiment/testing can high temperature experiment/testing. through day experiment/testing can 检验太 cationic for product or has material use or 露天存储 effect/influence.

3. outer aging

紫 outer light aging testing is using/adopting light outer is light through 模拟自然 cationic light in outer light and cold 凝 for material accelerated weather resistance experiment/testing, obtain material resistant gas property 结果. outer aging testing suitable for non metal material, has machine material (如: coating material, paint, 橡胶, plastics and its products)经 in cationic light, wet degree, temperature degree, and other gas conditions lower has product and material aging phenomenon degree and 情况.

目 : product in large gas in 放置一段 time, 就会出现 different issues, ratio appearance 变化, crazing, 出现斑点, powder or color 变化, also 会出现 use property can decline, can can causes is resin in separation 子 丧失导致 separation structure in chemical 键发生 变化, main/primary causes is cationic light, industrial troubleshooting waste gas, fine and other and other 引起. product aging property can effect/influence product use time, therefore aging test testing tool has heavy large 意义.

4. carbon aging

carbon separation is types, types is 封闭式 carbon 弧灯, types is cationic light type carbon 弧灯. this types carbon 弧灯都 is used for equipment, front most used for textile product lightfast testing, rear most used for coating lightfast property testing. 封闭式 carbon 弧灯 发 light is carbon rod, electrical through carbon rod 发出弧 light.

但 carbon rod 发出 弧 light light can amount distribution and light light can amount distribution versus relatively large, has light short outer 辐射, in 400-800nm between has day light high strength can amount. cationic light type carbon and day light light can amount distribution property has improvement, 但二者 in 50-350nm between light can amount distribution also is has very large 差异.

5. temperature wet degree ring

temperature degree ring is will experiment/testing sample 曝露于予设 high low temperature experiment/testing ring in. salt 雾腐蚀 experiment/testing is temperature degree impact effect/influence, experiment/testing temperature degree rate must small 于20℃/ separation 钟. meanwhile, is to creep and fatigue loss 伤 效果, recommendation experiment/testing temperature degree ring is 25℃～100℃, or can according to product applications use 0℃～100℃ 循 ring experiment/testing, time is 各15 separation 钟.

6. temperature wet degree impact

rise temperature / drop temperature speed rate low 于30℃/ separation 钟. temperature degree scope/range very large, meanwhile experiment/testing degree also temperature degree rate increase increase, use testing material structure or composite/compounding material, in lower high temperature and low temperature ring lower can 忍受 程 degree, in most short time inner experiment/testing its hot cold shrink chemical or material 理伤害. temperature degree impact experiment/testing and temperature degree ring experiment/testing main/primary is force negative mechanism different.

temperature degree impact experiment/testing main/primary due to creep and fatigue loss 伤引起 失效, temperature degree ring main/primary due to fatigue 引起 失效. temperature degree impact experiment/testing use 二槽式 experiment/testing plant/unit; temperature degree ring experiment/testing use mono experiment/testing plant/unit. in 二槽式箱体 inner, temperature degree rate need large 于50℃/ separation 钟.

7.臭 oxygen aging

臭 oxygen aging is will Sample 暴露于密闭无 light 照 含 has 恒定臭 oxygen concentrated degree gas and temperature experiment/testing in, 按预定 time for Sample testing, from Sample surface crazing or its it property can 变化程 degree, 以评定 Sample resistant oxygen aging property can. oxygen aging separation is tensile testing and tensile testing, in this testing in oxygen concentrated degree, temperature degree, Sample ratio is non important parameters.

五 other testing

1. chemical resistant product testing

chemical resistant product property is plastics resistant acid, alkali, has machine solvent agent, material, gas 体, salt water and other chemical product can force. in chemical product long function lower, plastics appearance and material property 会发生失 light, color, 雾化, cracking, crazing, warpage, separation understanding, solvent 胀, solvent understanding, and other 变化.

plastics in chemical product in is to 腐蚀, based on usually is plastics in chemical product in time rear weight, 体积, strong/high degree, color and other 变化 情况. plastics chemical product 腐蚀 程 degree and fast slow remove and types type has outer, also and temperature degree, pressure, products inner internal stress, how much and other factors has 关.

2.吸 water property

plastics water property for plastics products force property can, electrical property can, thermal properties, chemical stability property and processing properties and other has very large effect/influence. table/sheet plastics water property indicators has water amount, mono 位面积吸 water amount and water absorption. will dimensions Sample to tool has temperature degree （25℃ ±2℃） 蒸馏 water in, 经 一定 time rear （24h） absorption water amount, is water amount. water amount and Sample quality ratio is water absorption, use separation table/sheet 示.

3. color degree

指材 material resistant in processing, testing, or use process in can can to conditions lower generate color features 改变, or its color agent to versus material, or above can force. lightfast color degree, material resistant 因暴露 in cationic light or light lower generate color features can force.

4. degree

雾 degree （haze） is 偏离入射 light 2.5°角 above light strong/high 占总透射 light strong/high separation 数, degree large film gloss and transparent degree especially formed degree decline.

transparent or semi transparent material internal or surface due to light 漫射造 formed 云雾状 or mixed appearance. 以漫射 light amount and 透 材 material light amount ratio separation rate table/sheet 示. haze use standards “c” light 源 一束平行 light 垂直照射 to transparent or semi transparent film, sheet/slice 材, sheet/plate upper, due to material internal and surface formed dispersion 射, make separation light 偏离入射 direction large 于2.5° dispersion light amount Td and 透 材 material light amount T2之 ratio separation rate, is transparent or semi transparent material optical transparent property important parameters.

注:

• PE and other crystallization property polymer film, tool has 一定 雾 degree features;

• 无定形 polymer film, 如PC(polycarbonate (PC)), PS and PMMA(polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)) and other, its degree is 0, tool has degree features;

• 无定形 polymer mixed combined system film, in separation versus property good 且折射 rate 一致时会 transparent; in separation versus property good or 者折射 rate 不一致时, will 呈现雾 degree features;

• crystallization property polymer mixed combined system film, if ratio 恰当且 resin product types 匹配时 will tool has large degree, large mono separation system film degree, and its degree in very low film thick degree still can has good maintain.

5. light transmittance

is table/sheet resin transparent degree most important property can indicators. types resin light transmittance high, its transparent property good. plastics products transparent conditions has 两: is products is non crystallization 体; is separation crystallization pellets fine small, small can light long scope/range, 不妨碍太 cationic light light in can light and outer light 透. 任何一 types transparent material light transmittance 都达不 to 100%, make is transparent property most good optical light transmittance generally difficult ultra- 95%.

6.红 outer light 谱

当一束 tool has 连续波 long outer light through material 质, material separation in certain 基团 振动 frequency rate or frequency rate and outer light frequency rate 一样时, separation absorption can amount 由原 基态振(转)动 can grade to can amount relatively high 振(转)动 can grade, separation absorption outer rear 发生振动 and can grade 跃迁, 该处波 long light by material absorption.

therefore, outer outer light light method upper is types according to separation internal 原子间 versus for and separation 子转动 and other 信息 确定 material separation structure and identification combined material analysis methods.