Shanghai Daoqin Plastics Co., Ltd.

背景 and 概况】^[1][2]3]

in color, 造纸, 发酵, made 糖, 石油蒸馏 and other industrial in, has liquid upper generate foam, this for production process its 不利. it 不但妨碍操 as, but also 引起公害, heavy can can 引起火灾. to this type of 情况就 need speed 消泡. is add a small amount of material can make foam very fast 消失, is defoamer. defoamer, also resistant agent, 20 世纪 30 year 代开始 in industrial in application, many industrial 发酵都 need use defoamer anti more foam generate, paint, coating material, made 浆造纸, ink, powder, 发酵, food and other industrial. USA and Europe is full large defoamer market, is ring conditions made, currently defoamer market growth most fast is China and degree is table/sheet 亚太 区.

defoamer large more is surface active property agent. 例如, lubricated and gas 接触且 by its 吹动时, in in formed micro small bubbles difficult 于消失. this 样, for bearings gears 供油, has 时发生 lubricated defect and fault/failure, also can make lubricated 油体积 increase large from 贮油箱 in 溢出. in 油, due to has bubbles can make force 传递发生剧变. new 鲜 油, use time growth foaming. in in add 入0.001～0.0001% difficult solvent property 二甲基 silicon oxygen has can make foaming 断然停止, material commonly used for 透平油, gears and other as is defoamer use. methods usually has large type, material methods and chemical methods. material 理消泡 method is generate foam conditions, foam solvent liquid chemical formed separation still maintain 不变. chemical method is in foam in add chemical product, make and agent chemical 变化, to 消泡 目. for 以脂肪 acid is agent foam, can add acid or 钙, salt type, make generate solvent property acid or acid 钙, 镁皂, remove its function, make foam 破灭. in industrial production upper for defoamer requirements is use amount less, efficiency high, but also 消泡迅 speed. defoamer can separation formed alcohol type, acid and acid ester type, amine type, acid ester type, has machine silicon combined material and other.

【 classification 】^[4]

can used as defoamer material very more, has type, solvent liquid type, emulsion type, powder type and composite/compounding type. can separation is below/following large type:

油脂 type: 如蓖麻油, 亚麻油, material 油, material and other;

脂肪 acid type, hard acid, acid, acid, acid, acid, month acid and other;

ester type, hard acid ester, acid ester, acid ester and other;

alcohol type, 3-庚 alcohol, 2-乙基己 alcohol, poly oxygen ethylene alcohol, poly alcohol and other;

ether type, 如3-庚基 solvent agent, solvent agent - 3-庚基卡必 alcohol, alcohol poly ethylene glycol ether;

amine type, 如二戊 amine, hard amine, amine and other;

酰 amine type, polyamide (PA), 12-羟基 hard 脂基- 牛脂酰 amine, N, N′- hard 脂酰乙二 amine, acid amine, di 十八酰基哌啶 and other;

metal type, hard acid aluminum, hard acid 钙, acid 钾, acid and other;

poly silicon oxygen type, 如二甲基 poly silicon oxygen 烷, silicon ketone, fluorine silicon oxygen 烷, poly silicon oxygen 烷- poly oxygen ethylene polymer and other;

has machine property combined material type, poly alcohol, poly alcohol and ring oxygen add formed material and other;

ring oxidation combined material, ring oxygen 乙烷因 water solvent property relatively large, 不适宜 used as defoamer, ring oxygen 丙烷 齐 poly material can used as 蛋白胶 defoamer;

other type, acid iron, aluminum 矾土, fluorine chlorine 丙烷, slip powder, oxidation silicon and silicon acid salt solvent 胶, 妥尔油 mixed combined material, has machine combined material and shrink aldehyde and other.

【 features 】^[4]

①消泡 force strong/high, use amount less.

② add to system in effect/influence system basic property 质, and by system reaction.

③ surface force small.

④ and surface balanced property good.

⑤ heat resistant property good.

⑥ expand dispersion property, property good, positive 铺展系数 relatively high.

⑦ chemical property stability, resistant oxidation property strong/high.

⑧ gas solvent understanding property, property good.

⑨ in property solvent liquid in solvent understanding property small.

⑩无生理 active property, safety property high, used for food, product and industrial 者, combined has 关规定.

【消泡 principle 】^[5]

foam is gas dispersion liquid in dispersion system, gas is dispersion versus, liquid is dispersion 介质, due to gas solvent surface active property agent formed stability 状态. bubbles formed rear, due to foaming system separation function, hydrophilic water and hydrophobic water by bubbles 壁吸附, formed 规则排列, its hydrophilic water toward water versus, hydrophobic water toward bubbles inner, from in bubbles interface upper formed elastic property film, its stability property very strong/high, lower easy 破裂. meanwhile foam is hot force unstable system, in heavy force function lower 不断进行 liquid film lower 流, 蒸发, 破裂, and foam liquid film 间 排 liquid, process. causes main/primary separation is 两方面: 1） easy 于铺展, defoamer separation 子取代 起泡 agent separation 子, formed strong/high degree relatively film; 2） in process in defoamer separation belt/tape 走邻近 surface 层 部 separation solvent liquid, make foam liquid film thin, foam stability property reduce, easy by bad.

from upper 面我们 can 知, defoamer need function, 首先必 must to film di film in, its can force can use 渗入系数 E table/sheet 示. defoamer rear need fast speed dispersion 布开, its dispersion can force can use dispersion 布系数 S table/sheet 示,

式 in: γ_F is foam surface force; γ_DF is defoamer surface force; γ_D is foam and defoamer between interface force. E＞0 时, defoamer can 够渗入 to foam in; E＜0 时, defoamer can foam in; S＞0 时, defoamer can in liquid film surface expand 展; S ＜0 时, defoamer can in liquid film surface expand 展. therefore, has E＞0, S＞0 时 defoamer tool has function.

【 application 】^[5][6][7]

1. in 延迟焦化 process in application

延迟焦化 process main/primary is 炼油厂 will heavy 质渣油经 deep degree processing, improve/increase light 质油收 rate hot processing process. 延迟焦化 process in 焦炭塔 inner high temperature understanding gas from separation 裂化 焦化 raw materials （ high degree resin material 质） in 逸出, formed very high foam 层, foam belt/tape a large amount of powder, 随 焦炭塔 inner high degree growth, foam inner powder and full reaction 稠油随焦化油 gas from 焦炭塔顶 large gas tube/pipe belt/tape to separation 馏塔, separation 馏塔结焦, 甚至造 formed 辐射段进 material device, separation 馏塔底循 ring device and material 泵堵塞, add hot tube/pipe 结焦, heavy plant/unit safety production. belt/tape to separation inner powder separation and other process to 焦化汽油, in, for rear add hydrogen also process 也会造 formed 危害. is remove above effect/influence, inner outer using/adopting in 焦炭塔 upper add defoamer technology. defoamer tool has significantly 消泡效果, can will foam high degree reduce, from decrease/reduce plant/unit powder belt/tape, long plant/unit cycle.

2. in industrial in application

造纸 industrial in foam is production in issues. in alkali method made process in, made raw materials in has acid, resin acid and other material 质, and add hydrogen oxidation 钠, 硫化钠 and other chemical agent reaction formed material and alkali and other material 质, again add upper fiber and other polymer/macromolecule material 质 稳泡 function, and material flow, mixed combined make a large amount of gas mixed material system, formed a large amount of stability foam, to rear 续工序如洗涤, 输送, and other belt/tape very large difficult, most effect/influence material and quality. in process in, made 浆工序夹 belt/tape and 人工添 add property surface active property agent, combined formed polymer/macromolecule and other, formed a large amount of foam, 会导致纸面出现斑点 or light 点, 甚至引起断纸 and other. in coating process in, coating material 起泡会 make coating upper 出现无 coating material 斑痕（即鱼眼）, effect/influence 纸 适应 property can and slip degree. therefore, is made 浆, also is coating stage/phase, 消泡都 is important 工序. has research 发明 一 types use defoamer combined material, defoamer combined material below/following separation: 二甲基 silicon 油, 三甲基 chlorine silicon 烷, ethylene ether, 十二烷基磺 acid 钠, acid and chlorine 化钙, made defoamer tool has good property can, can fast speed remove system in machine material and has machine material mixed combined generate foam.

3. in textile industrial in application

textile product in processing process in, need various material and additives. this additives, especially is wetting agent, agent, agent, anti-static agent and agent and other surface active property agent, tool has reduce liquid surface force property 质, this property for/regarding liquid in material surface and liquid for 经纱 渗透起 to very large improvement function. is surface force low liquid in to machine 械振动 rear, easy generate foam, foam in make liquid and material 接触面 reduce, generate processing phenomenon, heavy effect/influence production and product quality. in material 染整各工序 in, is 精炼, 漂白, color and process in difficult 题. due to 起泡, fiber or material difficult separation 浸透, make 处理效果 reduce, time long, also 会引起污斑 and other quality issues. defoamer for/regarding color process more 突出, 涤纶织 material in high temperature 喷射染 color 时, is to property, must make material in machine inner high speed 运行, if liquid in in foam, material upper 就会出现 color 点, color and color 泽不匀, heavy effect/influence product quality. in high temperature high pressure lower, generally silicon oxygen defoamer generate film 状沉淀而 make by material generate 斑点. therefore for has machine silicon defoamer water dispersion property more high requirements, polyether silicon difficult to requirements. application copolymer can above disadvantages, is this defoamer separation can solvent cold water, solvent hot water, therefore can 起消泡 function. development production high concentrated degree high temperature resistance strong/high alkali defoamer YAT722, in processing industry in experiment/testing, defoamer YAT722 high temperature resistance （130℃）, resistant strong/high alkali, 消泡抑泡 good, meanwhile tool has excellent 秀 自 emulsification property can, resistant high 剪切, 不漂油, especially suitable for textile industry high temperature 溢流染 color process. product XIAMETER@AFE-0800 defoamer, its dilute liquid especially combined material and and other high temperature, high pressure and high conditions lower use. defoamer in 130℃ above, high force conditions lower tool has good stability property 并兼备消泡 and property.

4. production in defoamer

谷氨 acid is world upper acid output/production volume product types, 由谷氨 acid made 备 谷氨 acid 钠, 味精 发酵 process belongs to good gas property 发酵, process in generate a large amount of bubbles, bubbles generate reduce output/production volume, made 菌体 呼吸 function, reduce 菌体 产 acid rate. defoamer is made foam most 经济, most simple methods. used for production in defoamer usually has material defoamer, polyether defoamer, has machine silicon defoamer, is material defoamer 贮存不 good, easy 变质, acid value increase high, application relatively less, currently polyether type defoamer, has machine silicon defoamer in 味精发酵 industrial in application relatively is 广泛, 学者们 for 此进行 research relatively more.

5. production in defoamer

China is world upper most made 糖 国家之一, made process using/adopting concentrated shrink crystallization method, defoamer is made process in commonly used industrial additives, use defoamer main/primary has poly 甘油脂肪 acid ester type, 蔗糖脂肪 acid ester type, polyether type and has machine silicon type and other. is poly 甘油脂肪 acid ester type 即N type defoamer in process in and 抑泡效果 good, surface force reduce degree large, also can add fast 糖晶体 沉 drop speed degree, improvement 糖浆 滤 property can, therefore poly 甘油脂 acid ester type defoamer is currently made industrial in use most defoamer.

6. 淀 powder production in defoamer

α-淀 powder 酶（α -1, 4 -葡萄糖-葡萄糖苷 hydrolysis 酶）普遍 distribution in material, material and micro material in, is types important powder hydrolysis 酶. inner research BAA in temperature α -淀 powder 酶发酵 in defoamer, defoamer has specialized defoamer LB-625, has machine silicon defoamer KY-2118, polyether defoamer PPE. BAA in temperature α -淀 powder 酶发酵 is types amount relatively large 发酵, especially is in its 菌体生 long 时期以 and material combined formed 时期, foam more is heavy, easy formed 漫灌跑 liquid, upper 杂菌, material reduce and other effect/influence. specialized defoamer LB-625, is types Imported defoamer, 经 实验, table/sheet this type of Imported specialized defoamer, in time inner can has foam remove dry 净, tool has remove foam fast, made foam property can 久, for 菌体没 has function, add amount less, high temperature resistance, 几乎没 has 残留, defoamer for film most small and other advantages. has machine silicon defoamer KY-2118, is types inner commonly used defoamer, this type of has machine silicon defoamer tool has surface active property high, surface force small, use amount less, can force strong/high, cost low and other advantages. but also, has machine silicon defoamer and water and more has machine material versus mixed solvent, for large more bubbles 介质都 tool has function, meanwhile, its tool has relatively good chemical stability property, for has bubbles system tool has and function, is type defoamer; has machine silicon defoamer KY-2118 for micro acid property 发酵效果不 is very good, in 一定程 degree upper made filament 发育. polyether defoamer PPE, 即泡敌, can force relatively strong/high is its advantages, although polyether defoamer can force has machine silicon defoamer can force, is its can force ratio has machine silicon defoamer can force strong/high, in addition rate low is polyether defoamer 一 致命 disadvantages, generate a large amount of foam 时, it can fast speed, has will foam 扑灭.

7. in defoamer

我国 is most 早酿酒 国家, in 2000 year front 就发明 酿 酒 技 术. has 学者曾 for process in generate factors research, table/sheet 明发酵 process in, is 搅拌, 发酵而 generate many foam, foam to processing belt/tape very more effect/influence and factors, 如引起 “逃 liquid ”, material decrease/reduce and other and other, this factors 进一步 effect/influence product output/production volume and quality, defoamer is made foam most simple, most methods. inner has for process in add defoamer research, table/sheet use material 油, month acid, water alcohol mono hard acid, 肉豆落 acid, acid and other 做发酵 defoamer consumption amount large, 消泡效果不理想; poly 二甲基 silicon oxygen is has machine silicon defoamer used for food 发酵 效果良 good, 发酵容 amount increase, improve/increase; in defoamer function lower, 发酵罐 顶 cover/cap can in as 期间一直处于关闭状态, from reduce liquid oxidation function, increase high 酒洁净 degree; oxidation function reduce, in separation 蛋白质变 property lower, material 理, chemical stability property very good, again that mixed 浊; defoamer make upper powder degree low, meanwhile decrease light rear 清理 工 as.

【 production process 】^[8]

polyether modified silicon defoamer combined formed lower: using/adopting shrink combined method, will hydrogen silicon and polyether in catalytic agent function lower shrink combined grafting. reaction is:

in has device, cold device, temperature degree and hydrogen gas plant/unit 四口烧 bottle in, ratio/proportion add hydrogen silicon 油, polyether, solvent agent and catalytic agent, 开动搅拌 device, slow add hot 至一定 temperature degree, has hydrogen gas generate bubbles, 当转化 rate to value 时, drop temperature, add alkali in and, 经抽滤 and decrease pressure remove catalytic agent and solvent agent, polyether modified poly silicon oxygen copolymer.

【参考文献】

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[4] 安家驹 主编;包文滁,王伯英,李顺平 combined 编.实 use fine chemical industry 辞典.北京: China light industrial 出版社

[5] 张冉冉, 刘公召. has machine silicon defoamer research and application [J]. chemical industry technology and development, 2015 (8): 20-24

[6] 葛 formed 灿, rise, 余红伟, and other. foam and defoamer research 进展[J]. material 開發與應 use, 2010, 25(6): 81-85.

[7] 杨 di 春, 张爽, 赵倩茹, and other. inner outer food defoamer research 进展[J]. China food additives, 2012 (6): 225-229.

[8] 李春静, and, 宫素芝, and other. polyether modified silicon defoamer combined formed [D]., 2006.